ITU Standardization and its new Environment
Accra, Ghana, 27 May 2004
by
Houlin ZHAO
Director
Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB)
International Telecommunication Union, Geneva
Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 - Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 730 5851
Fax: +41 22 730 5853
E-mail: tsbdir@itu.int
ITU Home page address: http://www.itu.int
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1837
1844
Invention of the first electric telegraph
Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine
between Washington and Baltimore
1865
Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States
17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations.
1876
Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone
1924
1925
1927
1932
Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee)
Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee)
Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee)
Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to
International Telecommunication Union
1947
1956
1992
ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations
Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)
Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors:
ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD
ITU Landmarks
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Plenipotentiary
Conference
Council
Radiocommunication
Sector
Telecommunication
Standardization Sector
Development Sector
World/Regional
Conferences
Radiocommunication
Assembly
World
Telecommunication
Standardization
Assembly (WTSA)
World/Regional
Conferences
Radio Regulations
Board
Coordination
Committee
Study
Groups
Secretary-General
Deputy Secretary-General
Director
General Secretariat
Bureau
Advisory
Group
Study
Groups
Director
Advisory
Group
Bureau
Structure of the ITU
World Conferences
on International
Telecommunications
Study
Groups
Director
Advisory
Group
Bureau
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"The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector
shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing
countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to
telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this
Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions
and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to
standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis"
Functions of ITU-T
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CCITT
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
(International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee):
1st Plenary Assembly
2nd Plenary Assembly
Red Books
3rd Plenary Assembly
Blue Books
4th Plenary Assembly
White Books
5th Plenary Assembly
Green Books
1976
1980
1984
1988
6th Plenary Assembly
7th Plenary Assembly
8th Plenary Assembly
9th Plenary Assembly
Orange Books
Yellow Books
Red Books
Blue Books
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector):
1993 1st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki
1996 2nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva
2000 3rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal
CCITT and ITU-T
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WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION
STANDARDIZATION ASSEMBLY
TELECOMMUNICATION
STANDARDIZATION
ADVISORY GROUP
STUDY GROUP
- Workshop / forum
- Focus Group
- Joint Group
- Project team
STUDY GROUP
WORKING
PARTY
STUDY GROUP
WORKING
PARTY
WORKING
PARTY
R
R
R
R
R = RAPPORTEUR GROUP
Organizational Structure of ITU-T
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Study Group 2:
Operational aspects of service provision, networks and
performance
Study Group 3:
Tariff and accounting principles including related
telecommunications economic and policy issues
Study Group 4:
Telecommunication management, including TMN
Study Group 5:
Protection against electromagnetic environment effects
Study Group 6:
Outside plant
Study Group 9:
Integrated broadband cable networks and television and
sound transmission
Study Group 11:
Signalling requirements and protocols
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
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Study Group 12:
End-to-end transmission performance of networks
and terminals
Study Group 13:
Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their
internetworking
Study Group 15:
Optical and other transport networks
Study Group 16:
Multimedia services, systems and terminals
Study Group 17:
Data networks and telecommunication software
SSG:
IMT-2000 and Beyond
TSAG:
Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
(Priorities: IP, Mobility, next generation, security, …)
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
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4 weeks
3 months minimum
maximum
1 month
minimum
7 working days
SG
meeting
Consultation period
SG or WP
meeting
SG or WP
determination
Edited text
available
Chairman's
request
Text
distributed
Director's
announcement
SG
decision
Director's
notification
Director's request
Deadline for
Member States' replies
Approval of new and revised Recommendations Sequence of events (TAP)
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(a)
3 weeks
4 weeks
LC
SG or
WP
Meeting
Edited
Text
for LC
Director’s
Announcement
and Posting
for LC
(b)
Director’s
Announcement
and Posting
(c)
(a)
(b)
Comment
Resolution
Edited
Text
Available
LC:
AR:
3 weeks
AR
Director’s
Announcement
and Posting
for AR
SG
Meeting
(b)
(a)
Approved
Director’s
Notification
Last Call
Additional Review
AAP Sequence of Events
(extract from Rec. A.8)
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Questions (projects)
Contributions driven (normal contributions, delayed contributions,
temporary documents)
face-to-face meeting:
- debate, determination, approval of reports, approval of Questions
- SG/WP meetings: decision making; Rapporteur meetings: develop texts
Decision = consensus, unanimous agreements
Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda, supplements)
draft Recommendations, determined draft Recommendations
approved Recommendations, pre-published Recommendations,
published Recommendations
Implementor’s Guides
Meeting reports
Electronic submissions, web consultations, email, ftp
Paperless meeting – LAN/Wireless – LAN connections in meeting rooms
Working methods
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Series A
Organization of the work of the ITU-T
Series B
Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification
Series C
General telecommunication statistics
Series D
General tariff principles
Series E
Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation
and human factors
Series F
Non-telephone telecommunication services
Series G
Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
Series H
Audiovisual and multimedia systems
Series I
Integrated services digital network
ITU-T Recommendations Series
(1)
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Series J
Transmission of television, sound programme and other
multimedia signals
Series K
Protection against interference
Series L
Construction, installation and protection of cables and other
elements of outside plant
Series M
TMN and network maintenance: international transmission
systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits
Series N
Maintenance: international sound programme and television
transmission circuits
Series O
Specifications of measuring equipment
Series P
Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line
networks
ITU-T Recommendations Series
(2)
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Series Q
Switching and signalling
Series R
Telegraph transmission
Series S
Telegraph services terminal equipment
Series T
Terminals for telematic services
Series U
Telegraph switching
Series V
Data communication over the telephone network
Series X
Data networks and open system communication
Series Y
Global information infrastructure and internet protocol aspects
Series Z
Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication
systems
ITU-T Recommendations Series
(3)
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Best selling texts (in the order of download number from 09/01-01/04):
H.248.x series
H.323
Z.100
H.263
G.707
H.262
H.324
E.164
M.3100
H.245
Q.764
X.680
G.703
H.223
G.728
Q.761
T.38
Q.762
G.783
Q.850
Q.763
Q.931
T.30
G.729
Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations:
E.190
E.212
G.652
G.655
G.692
G.720
G.723 Annex A+disk
G.780-series (SDH)
G.826
G.957
G.982
G.990-series (xDSL)
H.248
H.324
H.450
I.365
I.432
I.731
J.112
J.117
M.3010
M.3100
M.3400
Q.931
Q.1700-series (IMT-2000)
T.37
T.38
V.34
V.44
V.59
V.90
X.25
X.36
X.509
X.680-series (ASN.1)
Y.1310
Y.1540
V.92
X.690
X.840-series
Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations
09.2001-01.2004
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before
Approval
time
Publication
time
Notes: 1.
1988
4 years
2-4 years
1989-1993
1993-1996
1997-2000
2 years
18 months
9 months
2-9
(exceptional
case:
5 months)
months
6-12
months
3-9 months
2 years
1-1.5 year
2001-2004
Pre-published Recommendations, available on ITU-T Website, from a few days
to four weeks after approval of the text.
2.
Recs in force, pre-published, superseded/obsolete: available on ITU-T Website.
3.
Forms of publication: paper, CD-ROM, electronic bookshop, online, etc.
4.
FREE ONLINE ACCESS SINCE JANUARY 2001 (one free access per member,
3 free downloads for public)
5.
“Approval time” counted between “determination/consent” and final approval
Approval and publication time of
Recommendations
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Three major items:
-
IP-related issues
-
IMT-2000
-
Accounting rates
Other items:
-
Multi-media, access networks (xDSL), optical transmission,
security, numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities,
IPR, etc.
ITU-T's main work areas
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
7 kHz band
- wideband (G.722-series)

4 kHz band
- analogue

64 kbit/s
- PCM, G.711, 1972

32 kbit/s
- ADPCM, G.721, 1984

16 kbit/s
- G.728, 1992

8 kbit/s
- G.729, 1996

4 kbit/s
- G.4kbps
ITU-T’s work on voice coding
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
Classic facsimile
(G3, G4)
T.4, T.6

B/W still pictures
(JBIG)
T.82, T.83

Cont. tone colour
(JPEG)
T.81
(JPEG-LS)
T.86
(JPEG-2000)
T.800


(lossless)
ITU-T’s work on still picture coding
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
H.261
- video coding at n x 64 kbit/s

H.262
- generic video and audio coding

H.263
- video coding for low bit rates

H.264
- improved multimedia video coding
(vs. MPEG-4)
ITU-T’s work on moving picture coding
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622 Mbit/s
OPTICAL
ACCESS
50 Mbit/s
VDSL
25 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
HDSL/
ADSL
2 Mbit/s
640 kbit/s
ISDN
Analog
modems
128 kbit/s
9.6 kbit/s
56.6 kbit/s
28.8 kbit/s
1989
Year
1997
Access network
2000
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 E.164 …
 G.707 (SDH), G.709 (OTN), G.722 (7 kHz), G.728 (16 kbit/s), G.729 (8 kbit/s), G.99x (xDSL) …
 H.248 (gateway), H.323 (multimedia systems) …
 I.365 (FR), I.432 (B-ISDN), I.732 (ATM) …
 J.112 (Cable TV), J.16x + J.17x (IPCablecom) …
 M.3120 (CORBA for TMN) …
 Q.933 (DSS1), Q.1300 (TASC), Q.1930 (BICC), Q.27xx (B-ISDN), Q.29xx (DSS2) …
 T.37, T.38 (IPfax), T.12x (multimedia conference) …
 V.29 (9.6 K modem), V.34 (34 kbit/s), V.90/V.92 (56 kbit/s) …
 X.25, X.75, X.76 (FR), X.85 (IP over SDH), X.86 (Ethernet over LAPS), X.121, X.4xx (MHS), X.5xx (Directory),
particularly X.509, X.68x/X.69x (ASN.1), X.8xx (security), X.9xx (ODP) …
 Y-series: dedicated to IP and GII
 Z.100 (SDL), Z.14x (TTCN), Z.3xx (MM languages) …
…
ITU-T’s products for IP-networks
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
Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums

Interworking functions to be used with existing
and evolving IMT-2000 systems

Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000 systems

New Generation of mobile systems
ITU-T’s mobile communications
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
Quality of Service (QoS)

Numbering and routing

Security

Tariffs and Accounting rates

Interworking
Ensuring global interoperability
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Administrations
(65/832)
Members: 189
U.S.A.
144
China
ROAs (63/461)
SIOs (121/664)
Associates (31/53)
Members: 163
Members: 173
Members: 82
FT
43
Nortel
95
Telekomunikacja Polska
38
NTT
U.K.
55
China Telecom. Corp.
Germany
45
France
eAccess
5
47 + 3
OFS Fitel
5
29
Alcatel 9+8+2+9+12+2+1
Opticom
3
BT
27
Cisco Systems
SwissQual
3
33
Deutsche Telekom
26
Siemens
25+1+5
Telekom Srpske
3
India
32
KDDI
19
ETRI
29
ACCA Networks
2
Brazil
31
Bharat Sanchar Nigam
18
Huawei Tech.
25
AULM
2
Syrian Arab Rep.
30
Telenor ASA
17
Lucent Tech.
ElectriPHY
2
Italy
29
AT & T
14
L.M. Ericsson
Harris
2
Canada
26
NTT DoCoMo
14
ZTE
Octasic Semicond.
2
Japan
25
Telecom Italia
13
Infineon
Okinasa Photonics
2
Korea (Rep. of)
22
TeliaSonera
13
NEC
12
Telchemy
2
Russian Federation 20
BELGACOM
11
Fujitsu
11
Teraburst Networks
2
Total:
Total:
Total:
371 (56%)
587(70%)
282 (61%)
29+12+12
34
12+9+1+2
21+1
21
13+1+1+1
Total:
Top Members participation (2003)
35 (66%)
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Country
Number of Delegates
China
95
India
32
Brazil
31
Syrian Arab Republic
30
Korea (Rep. of)
22
Russian Federation
20
Hungary
15
Israel
15
Australia
14
Thailand
13
Mexico
12
Switzerland
11
Ukraine
11
Total:
321
NB: G7: USA, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada
Top 13 attendees, except G7 countries,
Administrations, 2003
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Number of Delegates
Country
Telekomunikacja Polska
38
Poland
China Telecommunications Corp
29
China
Bharat Sanchar Nigam
18
India
Telenor ASA
17
Norway
TeliaSonera
13
Sweden
BELGACOM
11
Belgium
Community of Yugoslav PTT
10
Serbia and Montenegro
Swisscom
10
Switzerland
Telekom Austria
10
Austria
Rostelecom
9
Russian Federation
China Unicom
7
China
China Mobile Comm. Corp
6
China
KT Corporation
6
Korea (Rep. of)
Company
.
.
Total:
184
NB: G7: USA, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada
Top 13 attendees, except G7 countries,
ROAs, 2003
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Company
Number of delegates
Country
ETRI
29
Korea (Rep. Of)
Huawei Technologies
25
China
L.M. Ericsson
21
Sweden
ZTE
21
China
Samsung Electronics
10
Korea (Rep. Of)
ITEK
9
Denmark
Lucent Tech. Nederland
9
Netherlands
Nokia Corporation
9
Finland
Alcatel Bell
8
Belgium
Tellabs Oy
8
Finland
Matalink
5
Israel
Actelis Networks
3
Israel
GIGA ApS
3
Denmark
Total:
160
NB: G7: USA, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada
Top 13 attendees, except G7 countries,
SIOs, 2003
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Number of Delegates
Country
SwissQual
3
Switzerland
Telecom Srpske
AULM
3
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Switzerland
ASTRI
1
RAD Data Communications
1
China
Israel
Transmode Systems
1
Sweden
Tyco Electronics Raychem
1
Belgium
Company
2
Total:
12
NB: G7: USA, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada
Top attendees, except G7 countries,
Associates, 2003
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 International SDOs: ISO, IEC, WSC; ISO/IEC JTC1
 Regional SDOs: ATIS, TIA, TSACC, TTA, TTC, ARIB, CCSA,
ETSI, ACIF, GSC
 For internet: IETF/ISOC, ICANN, ccTLDs, etc.
 Many Forums/SDOs: such as IEEE, 3GPPs, ATM, TMF, …
 Regional Telecom organizations: APT, ATU, CITEL, RCC,
CEPT, ETNO, …
 etc…
International Cooperation
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A.4
A.5
A.6
ASN.1 Consortium
ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses)
ARIB
ATM Forum
ATM Forum
Committee T1
DSL Forum
Committee T1
CCSA
ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services)
CCSA
ECMA
FRF (Frame Relay Forum)
DSL Forum
ETSI
IMTC (Multimedia)
ECMA Standardizing Information & Communication Systems
IEEE
IPDR Organization
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
JCTEA
IPv6 Forum
FRF
NIST
MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) Forum
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
SCTE
MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum)
ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force)
TIA
OASIS
JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association)
TTA
OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum)
MPLS Forum
TTC
OMG (Object Management Group)
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
SDL Forum Society
OASIS
TM Forum (Tele Management Forum)
OIF
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
OMG
SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers)
TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
TM Forum
TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association)
TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee)
W3C
Members for Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6
Forums/SDOs
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
WTSA-2004: 5-14 October, Florianópolis, Brazil

TSAG: 12-16 July, Geneva, Switzerland

Final meetings of ITU-T Study Groups: January-June

ITU Council-2004: 9-18 June, Geneva, Switzerland

Preparation of the 2nd Phase of WSIS
*********
MAIN ACTIVITIES in 2004
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