Enabling Electric Vehicles Using the Smart Grid
George Arnold
National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability
National Institute of Standards and Technology
United States Department of Commerce
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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Why Do We Need Smart Grids?
Fundamental Drivers
Smart Grid goals
o Climate change
o Reduce energy use
o Energy security
o Lifestyle dependent on
electricity
o Jobs
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
overall and increase grid
efficiency
o Increase use of
renewables (wind and
solar don’t produce
carbon)
o Support shift from oil to
electric transportation
o Enhance reliability and
security of the electric
system
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Electrical Grid + Intelligence
2-way flow of electricity and information
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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The NIST Role
Energy Independence and Security
Act (2007)
In cooperation with the DoE,
NEMA, IEEE, GWAC, and other
stakeholders, NIST has
“primary responsibility to
coordinate development of a
framework that includes
protocols and model standards
for information management
to achieve interoperability of
smart grid devices and
systems…”
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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Smart Grid Priorities
o Demand Response and Consumer Energy
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Efficiency
Wide Area Situational Awareness
Electric Storage
Electric Transportation
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Distribution Grid Management
Cyber Security
Network Communications
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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Why Electric Vehicles?
o Reduced environmental
impact
• Displace half of US oil imports
• Reduce CO2 20%
• Reduce urban air pollutants
40%-90%
• Idle capacity of the power
grid could supply 70% of
energy needs of today’s cars
and light trucks
• Batteries in EVs could provide
power during peak demand
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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Why Electric Vehicles?
o PERFORMANCE
• Linear torque – even
power delivery
• Independent wheel
drive – advanced
traction control
• New vehicle
configurations
• Quiet!
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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EV and the Smart Grid
o Support for flexible charging scenarios
(Roaming)
• Charging on PEV rate plan at home, at work, at
neighbors (within utility network)
• Charging on plan on other utility networks
• Using credit card or “pay as you go”
o Support for load control
• Grid charges vehicle
o Support for source control
• Vehicle powers grid
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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Copyright 2009 Southern California Edison
Southern California Edison Forecasted EV Charging Load
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – NO UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – WITH UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
26,000
26,000
24,000
24,000
22,000
22,000
20,000
20,000
MW
MW
Worst Case
18,000
18,000
16,000
16,000
14,000
14,000
12,000
12,000
10,000
10,000
1 2 3
Hours
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Initial Load Forecast
Ports
Rail
T rucks
Forklifts
PEVs
1 2 3
Hours
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Initial Load Forecast
Ports
Rail
T rucks
Forklifts
PEVs
*Based on predicted 1.6 million Evs on the SCE grid
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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Example Information Requirements
o Identification
• Vehicle and customer ID
o Vehicle Monitoring
• State of charge, Usable energy
o Pricing
• How much will it cost
o Energy requests
• How much at what rate
o Timing information
• When to start, when to finish
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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V2G Requires Many Standards
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J2293 (Communication)
Smart Energy 2.0
National Electric
Code
(Enclosures)
National
Electric
Safety Code
(Battery)
C12 (Meter)
J1772 (Connector)
1547 (Distributed energy interconnection)
61850 and 61970/61968 Information models
Demand response
& price signaling
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Resources
o NIST Smart Grid website
• http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid
o Contact:
• george.arnold@nist.gov
• +1-301-975-2232
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Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
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