Author: Trevor Calafato
Title: Facing up to Terrorism in Malta
Abstract: "Losses to which we are accustomed affect us less deeply" (Juvenal, 1
2 nd st
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century B.C.) Browsing through different criminology books and security journals, it can be deduced that the shocking terrorist attacks that occurred on the 9/11 can be considered a milestone in criminology and security provisions because no one could conceive a symbolic calculation of the maximum result. The ripple effect of this attack is by any standard immense and undeniable resulting in substantial increase in security costs, new government programs for the purpose and susceptibility to psychological panic. Though these events occurred miles away from Malta, since we are part of the European Union, Malta has been engulfed in the implementation of a number of security strategies in order to face this international concern.
This discourse explores the past terrorist events that occurred in the Maltese islands.
Furthermore, it will illustrate the progression in the security issues as projected in the public sphere through the newspapers and the latest amendments in the Laws of
Malta. This paper will then progress to describe the security implementation of the
Maltese security forces. Finally this speech will portray the concern of the Maltese populace and the lack of knowledge on the force local authorities.
Author: Mariella Camilleri
Title: Introducing the concept of stalking in Malta
Abstract: In Malta the issue of stalking came to the fore when the Domestic Violence
Act was being planned. In 2005, the concept of harassment was introduced in the
Criminal Code, with the intention of including stalking with all its variations. This presentation includes an overview of the issue of stalking in its various dimensions but with a special focus on the Maltese perspective. Linguistic and conceptual issues, categorisation and legislation are among the main topics tackled. A profile of three stalking cases the Probation Services came in contact with, promulgates the issue not only from the perpetrator’s point of view but also from the victim’s perspective
Author: Donatella Frendo Dimech
Title: The role of Eurojust in Crime Combat
Abstract: Eurojust is a new European Union body established in 2002 to enhance the effectiveness of the competent authorities within Member States when they are dealing with the investigation and prosecution of serious cross-border and organised crime. Eurojust improves co-operation between the competent authorities of the
Member States, in particular by facilitating the execution of international mutual legal assistance and the implementation of extradition requests. The institution supports the competent authorities of the Member States in order to render their investigations and prosecutions more effective when dealing with cross border crime. Eurojust fulfils a unique role as a new permanent body in the European legal area. Its mission is to enhance the development of Europe-wide co-operation on criminal justice cases. The
College of Eurojust is now composed of 27 National Members, one nominated by each EU Member State. The national members are senior, experienced prosecutors or judges; some national members are supported by Deputies and Assistants.
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Author: John C. Ellul
Title: Crime Scene profiling from a Crminological perspective
Abstract: In our daily observations we are judgemental and we tend to make attributions which at times can be biased in favour of our likes. This may be a common occurrence to the untrained eye in particular throughout the investigation of crime. We often encounter situations where law enforcement specialists are requested or pushed into situations to provide swift opinions of what they interpret and make out of the crime scene. A situation which can be very dangerous especially if one tends to stick to his or her interpretation of the circumstance. Profiling the crime scene from a criminological perspective is in a way a new approach in the investigation of serious crime and give us insight into the physical and the behavioural evidence that is left behind by the culprits. Physical evidence can be quite straight forward and provide immediate answers, however behavioural evidence requires meticulous observations based on structured analysis of the entire scenario. It is more a subjective approach but it also a very important tool in the investigation of crime. We look but do we see what is there for us to interpret. At times the writing is on the wall and the evidence is screeming out at us. So we have to ask ourselves, what can we make out of this information, what is it telling us about who committed this crime, what is this crime?
Finally we are expected to deliver answers to the investigative teams. We are expected to tell them whois the culprit and how can we prove it.
Author: Gregory J. Howard
Title: Thinking about Surveillance and Criminology
Abstract: In the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, and elsewhere, surveillance practices are becoming more intensive and pronounced. The purpose of this lecture is to consider the relevance of surveillance to criminology and to advance an evolutionary meta-narrative as a means of developing richer theories of surveillance.
The lecture will begin with a discussion of the different ways that surveillance can be defined and then will proceed to articulate the importance of surveillance to the criminological project. Following these prefatory matters, the lecture will discuss in turn four existing theories of surveillance, particularly bureaucratic theory, panoptic theory, synoptic theory, and rhizomic theory. Having elaborated the main concepts and propositions of each of these theories, the lecture will next identify three shortcomings of these extant surveillance theories. More specifically, each of the theories generally approaches surveillance as a social phenomenon, a human phenomenon, and a modern phenomenon. As a conclusion to the lecture, an evolutionary meta-narrative will be advocated as a means for sensitizing surveillance theory to each of these shortcomings.
Author: Ashlyn Keursten
Title: Women and the Law
Abstract: In 1789, after American colonists won independence from the British for not representing their interests, American women faced a new constitutional government with no rights for women; they could not vote (though they had to pay taxes), they could not own property (they were ‘subjects’ of their husbands) and they could not manage their own money (or work outside the home without their husbands’ consent). Women fought back; with no right to vote and no right to manage their own money, why should they give their consent to be governed? Eventually they were
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given the right to vote but there continues to be no constitutional protection against gender discrimination. By not explicitly protecting women’s rights in the
Constitution, US courts are forced to struggle with what rights women should have.
US women suffer pay discrimination (women make ¾ of what male workers make), sexual discrimination in hiring and promotion (even though more women graduate from college than men), have the highest rates of poverty (following divorce) and very little political representation (the US has very few female leaders and, in fact, has never had a female president). What kinds of laws would diminish gender inequalities? Will the fact that more women are obtaining an education eventually equalize pay, hiring and promotion?
What scholarship opportunities are available for minority and female students studying in the US? Does the increasing divorce rate, and the resulting Feminization of Poverty, show any signs of lessening? What lessons can Malta learn from the US experience of diminished ‘popular sovereignty’?
Author: Paul Knepper
Title: Crime Reduction Through Social Welfare
Abstract: The impact of social welfare programmes on crime reduction has been a staple theme in European criminology. Governments have been encouraged to regard housing, health, education, unemployment insurance, personal social services, and youth and family services as the primary response to crime. But regrettably, criminologists have pursued this theme as a final destination rather than a point of departure; the 'welfare state solution' has been offered as an alternative to the 'criminal justice solution'. The issue of crime reduction through social welfare should be conceptualised as a 'problem' given the potential of anti-crime themes to undermine and distort social welfare provision. The pursuit of crime reduction by means of social policy brings about unintended consequences and unwanted side effects, such as the criminalisation of unhealthy behaviours, the leveraging of social housing provision to punish anti-social behaviour, and policing of families under the guise of social work intervention. The essential task of criminology and social policy, I propose, is to encourage the anti-crime effects of social policies while minimising the side effects.
Author: Mahesh K. Nalla
Title: Private security, public law enforcement, and non-traditional policing: Issues and major trends
Abstract: During the last four decades the number of people employed in the private police industry, particularly uniformed private security officers, has increased significantly in the U.S. as well as many developed and emerging economies.
Personnel employed in the private security industry far outnumber law enforcement officers in many of these countries. These changes have been propelled by various market, political, and social factors. In this paper, I examine the origins and nature, of private security and its relationship to law enforcement agencies. Further, I examine the changing nature of social regulation as a result of commodfication and civilianization of law enforcement
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Author: Shlomo Shoham
Title: Art, Crime, and Madness.
Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between creative innovation, deviance and morbidity by historical case studies of the madrigalist Don Carlo Gesualdo, prince of Venosa, the painter Michelangelo Merisi Caravaggio, Jean Genet the homosexual their, Vincent Van Gogh and Antonin Artaud, the revolutionary cinema director.
Author: Tony Smith
Title: A Multi-National Examination of the Moderating Impact of Culturally Defined
Alcohol Expectancies and Firearm Violence
Abstract: The current research investigates the relationship between firearm availability and homicide rates in a sample of countries considered “wet” or “dry” with respect to drinking culture. We contend that the relationship between firearm availability and homicide varies by culturally approved drinking practices and behaviour. The analysis indicates that firearm availability is a significantly better predictor of homicide in “dry” drinking cultures, characterized by episodic but heavy consumption of alcohol per occasion, and a poor predictor of homicide in “wet” drinking cultures, where alcohol is frequently but moderately consumed. Implications of the study are discussed.
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