The Nanjing Decade:
1928-1937
HI 168: Lecture 8
Dr. Howard Chiang
OVERVIEW
-
Nanjing Government
Jinggangshan
Jiangxi Soviet
Japan in Manchuria, 1931-32
Encirclement & Suppression Campaigns
Long March (of 25,000 Li)
Xi’an Incident
NANJING GOVERNMENT
- Nanjing Government vs. Wuhan
Administration of Wang Jingwei
- Chiang married Song Meiling (Madame
Chiang) in December 1927
- Beijing  Beiping [northern peace]
- Zhang Xueliang - warlord of Manchuria
- Organic Law of the National
Government of the Republic of China
- Organic Law of the Five Yuan
Wang Jingwei
Song Meiling
BBC ‘Extraordinary
Women’ Series:
http://www.bbcactive
videoforlearning.com
/1/TitleDetails.aspx?T
itleID=25240
Chiang Kaishek, Franklin D.
Roosevelt,
Winston
Churchill, and
Madame Chiang
at Cairo
Conference
(1943)
JINGGANGSHAN
- Nanchang Rising (1927) led by Ye Ting,
He Long, and other CCP members
- Workers’ and Peasants’ Army
- In autumn 1927, Mao’s army retreated
from Hunan to Jinggangshan (on the
borders of Hunan and Jiangxi)
- The focus of the rural activities of CCP
- CCP leaders (Zhu De and Chen Yi)
joined forces with Mao in April 1928
- Retaken by GMD in January 1929
Jinggangshan (井岡山)
Jiangxi
Jiangxi Soviet in Ruijin
Mao’s bedroom
‘Great Hall of the Provisional Central
Government of the Soviet Republic of
China’ – woodland auditorium that
seats up to 2000
Flag of Jiangxi Soviet
JIANGXI SOVIET
- Ruijin: November 1931 to October 1934
- Subservient position of women in
Chinese (rural) society
- Regulations on Marriage (Dec 1931)
- Inequalities in the ownership of the land
- mimic the anti-kulak policies of the
Soviet Union: replace kulaks with rich
peasants
- Land Investigation Movement: 1932-33
JAPAN IN MANCHURIA: 1931-2
- Since the Twenty-One Demands of 1915
- Tens of thousands of Japanese troops
died in Manchuria during Russo-Jap War
- Sept 1931: a bomb exploded on the
track of the Southern Manchurian
Railway
- Japanese Guandong Army
- Manzhouguo/Manchukuo: 1932-45 (Puyi)
- Condemned by the League of Nations
- Controlled east. part of Inner Mongolia
Pu Yi
ENCIRCLEMENT & SUPPRESSION
CAMPAIGNS
- GMD launched a series of military
expeditions against the Jiangxi Soviet
- 1. December 1930: Huangpi failed
- 2. June 1931: Jiangxi-Fujian border
failed
- 3. July 1931: Nanchang failed
- 4. June 1932-Mar 1933: failed
- 5. October 1933-October 1934: Chiang
committee far greater forces to it than
had been deployed in previous ones
LONG MARCH OF 25,000 LI
- 1 Li = 500 meters
- 1. Guizhou (Oct 1934-Jan
1935)
- 2. Sichuan (Jan 1935)
- 3. Shaanxi (Aug-Oct 1935)
- 4. rest rejoined (Oct 1935Oct 1936)
- Significance:
- away from Japan
- Party meetings
(Edgar Snow)
Zhang Guotao
XI’AN INCIDENT: DEC. 1936
- Chiang planning a 6th extermination
campaign – opposed by Zhang Xueliang
(warlord of Manchuria) and Yang
Hucheng (warlord of Shaanxi)
- Dec. 9, 1936: 10,000 students marched
- Dec. 12: Zhang and Yang held Chiang
and a group of his senior advisors
hostage for a week – eight demands
- Zhou Enlai – main liaison btwn 2 parties
- Second United Front: 1936-41
Zhang Xueliang
Zhou Enlai