HMSC
GC
856
.07
no.178
cop. 2
ge of
OCEANIC &
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Small-Boat Hydrographic
Surveys of the
Oregon Mid- to Inner Shelf
May - September 1999
A component of the
Prediction of Wind- Driven
Coastal Circulation Project
by
Jay A. Austin
John A. Barth
Stephen D. Pierce
Reference 00-2
April 2000
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,
MARILYN POTTS GUIN LIBRARY
HATFIELD MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
NEWPORT, OREGON 97365
Data Report 178
Funded by NOPP
(National Oceanographic
Partnership Program)
Small-Boat Hydrographic
Surveys of the Oregon Mid- to
Inner Shelf,
May-September 1999
A component of
The Prediction of Wind-Driven Coastal
Circulation Project
Jay A. Austin
John A. Barth
Stephen D. Pierce
Oregon State University
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
104 Ocean Admin Bldg
Corvallis, OR 97331
Sponsor: National Oceanographic Partnership Program
Grant: N00014-98-1-0787
Data Report 178
COAS Reference 00-2
Approved for Public Release
Distribution is Unlimited
April 2000
Contents
Introduction
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2 Instrumentation
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1
2.1
The MiniBAT
2.2
The CTD package
2.3
The cable and winch
2.4
Tension cell
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2.5 GPS equipment
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2.6
Shipboard computers
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2.7
Deck CTD
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3
Cruise Procedure
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Cruise Summaries and Details
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5
Data Processing
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5.1
CTD processing
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5.2
Combining data
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5.3
Post-processing
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5.4
Gridding
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Data Presentation
15
7 Acknowledgements
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8 References
17
1
,r-4
Introduction
During Spring and Summer 1999, as part of the Oregon State University National
Oceanographic Partnership Program (OSU-NOPP) field program, 20 successful hydrographic surveys were undertaken on the Oregon mid- to inner shelf, all near
Yaquina Bay. These consisted of 17 cross-shelf sections along the Newport Hydrographic line (extending approximately 30 km offshore), two "radiator"-type patterns,
and one 40-km long alongshore section. These surveys were made with a Guildline
"MiniBAT" (Figure 1), a small towed vehicle equipped with a Sea-Bird Electronics
SBE-25 Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) instrument and a WetLabs transmissometer and fluorometer. This package was towed on a 200-m cable behind the
R/V Sacajawea (Figure 2), OSU's 10-meter research boat. This report summarizes
the instrumentation used, the cruise procedure, specific cruise summaries and details,
the data processing procedure, and the data collected.
The cruises were spaced approximately two weeks apart, from the beginning of May to
the end of September, except during July, when up to two cruises a week were carried
out (Figure 3). This corresponded with the OSU-NOPP intensive observation period,
and specifically with the SeaSoar cruises, carried out from the R/V Wecoma. The
MiniBAT cruises served not only to provide reasonable temporal resolution over a
long period of time, but also were able to sample into much shallower water than
the SeaSoar did. The SeaSoar tended to sample into approximately 50m of water,
J
Figure 1: The MiniBAT towed vehicle with an SBE-25 CTD strapped underneath.
The wings shown are the older, smaller wings.
V
stopping due to the increased density of crabgear and the rapidly shoaling bottom
inshore. The MiniBAT sampled into approximately 8m, depending on the sea state.
The disadvantage of the MiniBAT/Sacajawea operation was the limited sea state in
which measurements could be made (more than 2 meters of wind-generated waves
make operations on the Sacajawea difficult) and the limited amount of time that the
Sacajawea could spend on the water. Each cruise took approximately 7 hours on
the water, and it was not practical to spend much more time than that, given the
Sacajawea's limit to daylight operation.
Spatially, the cruises focused on repeated transects along the Newport Hydrographic
(hereafter NH) line, at 44°39.1'N, a standard hydrographic line used by many groups
(Figure 4). This line was sampled 17 times with the MiniBAT, from approximately
30 km offshore (NH-15), in addition to 10 CTD surveys along the line by Bill Peterson's group (pers. comm.), several times by the SeaSoar group, and twice by
the GLOBEC Long Term Observation Program (LTOP) program. The MiniBAT
transects typically had 30 full undulations, resulting in an approximate cross-shelf
resolution of 500 m. These undulations, once the instrument was operating to our
satisfaction (all cruises after June 29), would typically sample from the surface to
within 5m from the bottom. In addition to the simple cross-shelf surveys, two "radiator" patterns were performed (on July 20 and 27) during the intensive sampling
period, designed to complement the concurrent SeaSoar surveys. Finally, on August 18, an alongshore survey of 40 km length was performed, largely along the 30m
isobath, to help determine alongshore scales in shallow water.
Figure 2: Preparation for a cruise on the deck of the R/V
3
Sacajawea.
Figure 3: Timeline of alongshore wind stress from NDBC 46050, along with MiniBAT/Sacajawea cruises (SACXYY, where X=month and YY=day), Wecoma SeaSoar
Surveys (BB=Big Box surveys, SB=Small Box surveys), GLOBEC LTOP cruises
(w9904, w9907, and w9909), Bill Peterson's NH line surveys (NH X/YY), a survey
done by the F/V Akvavit, and the mooring deployment and recovery schedule.
4
0
MiniBatlSacajawea surveys, Summer 1999
aAA R 1-
/
.1
Yaquina Head
c>s.
-1244
-124.2
longitude
Figure 4: Map detailing cross-shelf survey line, radiator pattern, and alongshore
survey. The locations of the OSU-NOPP inner-shelf and mid-shelf moorings indicated
by x. Bottom topography is in meters.
5
2
Instrumentation
The Guildline "MiniBAT" is a towed vehicle with a set of wings controlled from the
deck, which allows the user to "fly" the instrument package up and down through the
water column. Data from both the MiniBAT vehicle (pressure, wing angle) and data
from the CTD package (temperature, conductivity, pressure, fluorometer voltage,
and transmissivity) are sent up the cable and recorded on a set of laptops in the
ship's cabin. In addition, the sea cable goes over a block attached to the ship's Aframe, and a tension cell measures the tension applied to the block. This number is
displayed in the lab, but is not recorded. This aids in the early detection of snags
or any other problem the instrument package might encounter. Specifics about the
instrumentation are covered in this section and summarized in Table 1.
2.1
The MiniBAT
The MiniBAT vehicle consists of a rigid steel frame, stabilizing fins, a tow yoke, and
a pair of wings that are actuated by a control unit on the vehicle. The wings can
be rotated through an are of 30°, and take approximately 15s to do so. Starting
with the cruise on July 6, the original wings were replaced with a set of larger, more
hydrodynamically shaped wings provided gratis by Guildline in return for our "beta
test" evaluation. The old wing area was 500 cm2; the new wing area is 680 cm2. These
wings dramatically improved the flying characteristics of the MiniBAT as loaded with
our payload (see section 2.2). We also made changes to the position from which the
MiniBAT is towed, drilling new tow-points farther forward (toward the wing axle) on
the tow body. This also improved the flying characteristics.
The system is operated from the ship's cabin using a control box which takes the data
signal from the sea cable, a GPS, and an echosounder and sends it to the laptops. It
also takes signals and passes them to the instrument in the water, in order to control
CTD operations and the flight performance of the MiniBAT through the adjustable
wing angle. The MiniBAT software package, "In-Tow", allows the vehicle to be flown
automatically by setting depth preferences. Unfortunately, line noise between the
MiniBAT vehicle and the controller made this prohibitively difficult, and the vehicle
was "flown" manually for all of the cruises.
2.2
The CTD package
The CTD package is a standard Sea-Bird SBE-25 unit with pressure, temperature
and conductivity sensors. A pump takes in water in front of the package, where it
is first routed to the temperature sensor, then ducted directly to the conductivity
6
sensor. The water is then routed to a WetLabs WetStar fluorometer, with a lag
of approximately 3 seconds after its temperature and conductivity were measured
(this lag is accounted for in the post-processing). The fluorometer had an excitation
wavelength of 455 nm, and detects fluorescence at 695 nm. In addition, there is a
WetLabs C-Star transmissometer with a path length of 25 cm, which is not pumped,
and samples water flowing past the open light path. All of the instruments sample
at 8 Hz. There is a main controller unit, which takes the signals from the individual
sensors, collects, digitizes and multiplexes them before sending them up the cable to
the computer on deck via RS-485 protocol. This unit also internally records the data
in the CTD. All of this is mounted on a standard Sea-Bird 316 stainless steel frame,
which is lashed underneath the MiniBAT with eight steel hose clamps. The CTD
unit is internally powered by 9 rechargeable Ni-Cad D-cells. It has a weight in air
of approximately 21 kg. Post-calibration of the temperature and conductivity cells in
March 2000 showed insignificant drift over the course of the field season.
2.3
The cable and winch
The MiniBAT is towed behind the ship with 200 m of cable, supplied by the Cortland
Cable Company. It is eight conductor (7 insulated, one drain lead), with a 24-strand
kevlar weave for tensile strength (2000 lb breaking strength) and a nylon outer weaving
with a short "fuzzy" fairing to decrease drag. After the August 18 cruise, 13m of this
cable was cut off of the sea-end after an on-deck mishap damaged the cable. The
cable has Sea-Con 8-conductor underwater connectors at both ends.
The winch is an Inter-Ocean model powered by two 12-volt deep cycle marine batteries. It takes approximately 10 minutes to bring in 200m of cable (the amount of time
to unreel the 200m depends on the ship speed). The winch is sufficiently portable that
it is mounted to the deck before a cruise and removed after each cruise. The winch
has a set of slip rings on it and Sea-Con wet connectors to connect to the MiniBAT
deck unit.
2.4
Tension cell
A Revere tension cell was placed above the block to determine the tension being
applied to the block. The actual tension in the line was estimated to be approximately
three times this, due to the geometry of the cable running through the block. As a
rule of thumb, we tried to keep the tension of the cell less than 300 lbs.
7
2.5
GPS equipment
To determine position and depth, we used an APELCO GPS receiver and 120 kHz
depth transducer/fish finder. The GPS antenna was lashed to the starboard rail just
outside the lab, and the transducer was mounted on the end of a 2x4, which was
c-clamped to the starboard transom. The transducer was approximately 1 m below
the surface of the water.
2.6
Shipboard computers
In the ship's cabin, we had two laptops, one which controlled the MiniBAT vehicle
and one which recorded the data from the CTD. Both of these received data through
the serial port. After the cruise, data was moved onto a iomega 250MB "Zip" drive.
2.7
Deck CTD
For four of the cruises (May 19, June 1, 15, and 16), a CTD (SBE-19) was used
on deck to record the near-surface temperature and salinity. This was done since
the undulating package was not reaching the surface. The water was provided by
the ship's saltwater pump (Jabsco), pumped into a 6" diameter PVC pipe (closed
at one end) into which the CTD was placed. The data was internally recorded and
downloaded at the end of the cruise. This data will be displayed here both as part of
the sections and separately as line plots.
3
Cruise Procedure
Upon arriving in Newport from Corvallis (an approximately 75 minute drive) with
the equipment, the ship would be prepared for the cruise. This consisted of. mounting the winch to the deck, loading the winch power supply batteries, mounting the
echosounder transducer on the transom, placing the MiniBAT vehicle on the fantail
and lashing it down, mounting the GPS antenna, hanging the tension cell and block
(which are then lashed off to the A-frame) and setting up the electronics. This procedure typically takes about 45 minutes. We then transit to the beginning of the
survey. For the NH-line surveys, this entails steaming out to NH-15, which takes
approximately 2 hours. It was decided to steam out and tow back in so that we had
the swell at our backs when we had the instrument in the water. During the transit,
the MiniBAT is temporarily connected to the control unit so the following checks can
be made. The CTD is interrogated, its memory cleared, clock checked, and battery
8
Table 1: Instruments used during the 1999 OSU-NOPP MiniBAT samplin
Instrument
Comments
SN
Company and Model
227
CTD
Sea-Bird SBE-25
Calibrated 2/98
Thermistor
2455
Sea-Bird SBE 3-F
Calibrated 2/98
2107
Conductivity Cell Sea-Bird SBE 4-C
Calibrated 3/98
185113
Pressure Sensor
Sea-Bird SBE-29
Water Pump
52055
Sea-Bird SBE 5-T
Transmissometer
Calibrated 11/97
CST-186R
WetLabs C-Star
Calibrated 6/99
Fluorometer
WS3S-377P
WetLabs WetStar
Surface CTD
MiniBAT
Cable
Winch
GPS/Echosounder
Tension Cell
Tension Display
CTD laptop
Sea-Bird SBE-19
Guildline 8820
Cortland Cable
Inter-Ocean 721-24
2333
63796
200m, 8-conductor
OS29901
APELCO FishFinder/Plotter 530 HB81977
Revere BSP-B6-2.5K-30P5
Scale Systems 350
MiniBAT laptop
Dell Latitude XPi
IBM Thinkpad 560
mass storage
iomega 250MB Zip
120 kHz
EX5495
318475
02961
78-ACD27
P7CW061339
voltage checked. The MiniBAT is activated to make sure the wings are working. The
laptop clocks are checked and synchronized. If the surface CTD was being used its
clock would be checked, memory cleared, and turned on before reaching station (the
time at which it is turned on is recorded to facilitate merging with the GPS time and
location data stream).
Once on station, the cable is fed through the block, and attached to the MiniBAT,
both electronically and mechanically. The mechanical connection consists of a "D" or
anchor shackle. A safety ring is placed through the shackle and pin to ensure that the
pin does not become loose. The CTD is turned on, and the recording computers are
started while the MiniBAT is on deck, to make sure they are correctly recording data
before deployment. The pump plumbing is plugged into the T/C cells, removing
the freshwater storage syringe. Once it is ensured that everything is working, the
MiniBAT is unlashed from the deck. The ship is placed at idle, to ensure very slow
forward motion. One scientist handles the winch and the other the MiniBAT controls,
while the captain handles the vessel. The wire is pulled in so that the MiniBAT comes
clear of the deck, at which point it is handled overboard, and the wire let out so that
the vehicle is submerged. It is left at the surface for approximately 1 minute while
the pump turns on and clears air out of the plumbing.
At this stage, the winch operator starts letting wire out until the vehicle is close to
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the bottom (roughly 5 m). The ship is brought up to 6kts, and the vehicle climbs.
The wire is let out until there are only a few (5-10) wraps left on the winch, at
which point the winch speed is turned to zero and the direction to "in" as well as
putting the brake on. When the vehicle reaches the surface, the wings are turned to
the down position and the vehicle commences diving. Through experience, we have
found that setting the wing position all the way down does not necessarily produce
the deepest depths, the vehicle stalling out at some intermediate depth. Instead, a
wing angle of approximately -10° (which presumably would vary from instrument
to instrument depending on trim and payload) tended to produce the deepest dives.
The dives typically took the instrument to 55-60 m depth, depending on current shear,
wave state, wire out, and a number of other conditions. Once it was clear that the
instrument had stopped diving, the ship was slowed down to idle, and the instrument
would sink through the water column, until it came close to the bottom, at which
point the ship sped up to 6 knots again. This was repeated across the shelf. In
sufficiently shallow water there was no need to slow the ship since the undulations
span the entire water column. The maximum dive and climb rates occurred at the
beginning of a dive or climb and were typically on the order of 1 m s-1, similar to the
average SeaSoar dive/climb rate [Barth et al., 2000]. Average dive and climb rates
were on the order of 0.3 m s-1.
As the cruise enters shallower water, cable is pulled in during each climb (the cable
tensions are too high during dives to allow cable to be pulled in efficiently). The
shallowest extent of the cruise was typically determined by the wave state. A reef,
located at 124°5.1'W, at approximately the 17m isobath, which has a minimum depth
of approximately 10 m, was the onshore limit of surveys if there was significant surface
wave activity (frequently the waves would break on the reef). On smooth days we
were able to sample inside the reef. Once the survey was done, the MiniBAT would
be pulled onboard, lashed down, and the CTD turned off. The data recorders on
the laptops were shut off. The A-frame is moved forward, and the ship headed back
in. During the transit, the data from both the CTD computer and the MiniBAT
computer is moved onto mass storage for safety. Upon reaching the dock, equipment
is rinsed off, the CTD T/C cell freshwater storage syringe is reattached, and all of
the equipment is offloaded and returned to Corvallis.
4
Cruise Summaries and Details
In this section, details of the individual cruises are discussed. Cruises are along the
Newport hydrographic line (from NH-15 in) unless otherwise noted.
4/15: A test cruise to explore the flying properties of the instrument. Unfortunately, the CTD computer was configured to not record data and the internal
10
date (1999)
4/15
5/05
5/18
5/19
5/28
6/01
6/15
6/16
6/29
7/15
7/20
7/21
7/27
7/28
8/17
8/18
9/01
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Barth
7/06
8/03
8/05
Table 2 Cruise su nimary table
participants
cruise type comments
Pierce/Barth
Austin/Barth
Austin/Dale
Austin/Oke
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Brodeur
Austin/Kurapov
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Jayne
Austin/Waldorf
Austin/Emmett
Austin/Barth
Austin/Oke
Austin/Pierce/Feinberg
9/14
Austin/Minor
9/15
9/28
9/29
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Pierce
Austin/Dale
NH line
NH line
aborted
NH line
aborted
NH line
NH line
NH line
NH line
NH line
NH line
Radiator
NH line
Radiator
NH line
NH line
NH line
NH line
No CTD data collected
Failed fluorometer
Added surface CTD
Added surface CTD
Added surface CTD
Added surface CTD
Failed depth transducer
Failed MB power supply
Failed laptop
Alongshore
NH line
NH line
NH line
NH line
aborted
CTD memory was full, so that nothing was recorded. However, we did get
engineering data back from the MiniBAT and experience in flying it.
5/05: First cruise with successful data return. However, the depth range (approximately 30 m) was poor. This is also the first cruise where we encountered
crabgear. As soon as tension dramatically increases, the brake starts to slip.
Stop the ship as quickly as possible and use the winch to recover the instrument
and release the crabgear. The fluorometer was not working during this cruise.
5/18: We made it outside the jetty only to decide it's too rough to deploy.
5/19: First cruise with the surface CTD.
5/28: As with 5/18, had to turn back once outside the jetty.
6/01: Successful section with the advent of the "stop and drop" technique.
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6/15: We started trying out new tow points in an attempt to get better depth
range. We found that moving the towpoint further forward improved the vehicle
behavior. Two crabpots were snagged during this cruise.
6/16: First of the "back-to-back" cruises. Uneventful. We stopped using the
surface CTD after this cruise since the vehicle was reaching the surface.
6/29: Uneventful. The first cruise with coverage right to the surface.
7/06: First cruise with the new and improved wings. Much better diving
characteristics- from the surface to 60m without much problem.
7/15: A joint cruise with Bill Peterson's lab. They did their net tows on the
way out and we towed the MiniBAT on the way back in. This worked just fine
and should be remembered for the future.
7/20: The first of two small radiator patterns. We sampled along three lines,
2.5km south of NH, NH, and 2.5km north of NH. We sampled from about NH-5
in. Also proved that it's not too difficult to turn with the MiniBAT in the
water.
7/21: Another NH survey, another crabpot.
7/27: Another radiator pattern- same track as the 7/20 cruise. In this case the
recording instruments were left on the entire time, which makes the eventual
data processing much easier.
7/28: An NH line survey. We had problems with the depth transducer on this
cruise.
8/03: Part of the way through this cruise, the wings on the MiniBAT stopped
responding. Later it was determined that the MiniBAT power supply failed
causing the wings to stop moving. The rest of the cruise was completed CTDcast style.
8/05: On the way out, the computer that controls the MiniBAT had a harddrive failure. The entire cruise was run in CTD-cast mode. Another joint effort
with Bill Peterson's lab.
8/17: We tried a new fairing on the cable today, which made the flying performance worse (smaller depth range and higher tensions). We were also using
new software for the MiniBAT which cut out a lot of the noise problems we'd
been having up to this point.
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8/18: An alongshore section, primarily along the 30m isobath, From Depoe
Bay to Alsea Bay. South of Yaquina Bay we moved offshore to the 40m isobath
to avoid tricky bottom bathymetry. At the end of this cruise, the cable was
accidentally pulled into the winch brake, seriously damaging the cable. The
vehicle had to be recovered by hand, and we lost approximately 13m of cable
in the repair.
9/01: A joint effort with Peterson's lab. Tried the fairing again, with no luck.
9/14: Forgot to install pump line to T/C cells, which affects the T/C only
during the sinking. The fluorescence data is fine and while the instrument was
being towed it appears that enough water was being rammed through that the
data is fine.
9/15: Tension cell readout malfunctioning on this cruise- returning tensions
twice as high as expected.
9/28: Still some problems with the tension cell, but otherwise a smooth cruise.
9/29: Got about 8km offshore before we decided to head back- fairly rough day.
5
Data Processing
The data come in two streams, the data from the MiniBAT (depth, wing angle,
water depth, GPS latitude and longitude, wire out) and from the CTD (temperature,
pressure, conductivity, fluorometer voltage, and transmissivity). These data need to
be processed, combined, deglitched, and eventually gridded for display. This section
covers those steps.
5.1
CTD processing
The CTD data are processed following the methods detailed in Barth et al. [1996].
The conductivity signal is lagged by 0.6 scan (1 scan = 1/8 s), to correct for the lag
between when the temperature is measured and when the conductivity is measured.
Then, the conductivity is corrected for the thermal mass of the conductivity cell.
The fluorometer is lagged by 20 scans (approximately 3.25 s), this lag determined by
matching fluorometer voltage maxima from up and down casts.
The lack of a second conductivity cell on the instrument platform makes determining
segments of poor conductivity data difficult. However, it is possible to check for
flaws in the data by comparing the conductivity and temperature time series, since
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conductivity is a strong function of temperature. These two time series should be
fairly well correlated in the absence of large variations in salinity. In fact, in early
surveys the variations in salinity are large enough to render this method ineffective,
but later cruises with stronger thermal stratification allow verification of the lag
between the temperature and conductivity. To check the lag, the original 8-Hz data
were used (corrected for the 0.6 scan sensor lag and thermal mass), broken into
10000-sample blocks (approximately 20 minutes of data, enough for at least one full
undulation), and the correlations computed at several lags centered around zerolag. This procedure is detailed in Huyer et al. [1993]. There is a fair amount of noise
associated with this procedure and is limited in utility as a check of data quality. This
is due primarily to two reasons: first, often the salinity variations were sufficiently
large that they played a major role in determining the conductivity. Second, the
inner shelf is fairly heterogeneous. During only one cruise, that of July 27, did the
conductivity significantly lag the temperature while the correlation between the two
were high. During this cruise, it appeared that something interfered with the normal
flow through the T/C duct as the lag slowly increased to roughly 25 scans, or 3.1 s.
In this case, a correction was applied in the CTD processing step by regridding the
conductivity data onto a new grid which reflected this lag.
Standard routines are used to compute salinity and density time series given the
temperature, conductivity, and pressure data. The CTD data are then low-pass
filtered (8-point Harming filter) and subsampled down to 1-Hz data to match the
data from the MiniBAT.
5.2
Combining data
To match the CTD data to the MiniBAT data, the lag between the MiniBAT and
CTD record data must be determined. This is simply a function of when the recording
instruments are turned on. Since the computer clocks are typically only set to the
nearest minute, this step is necessary. Since both the CTD and the MiniBAT record
pressure, lag correlations of the pressure time series are calculated and the lag with
the maximum correlation is used. Then the time series are appropriately padded so
that they are the same length and on the same time-base. These files are saved as
"pre-processed" data.
5.3
Post-processing
Several steps are involved in "post-processing", mostly concerned with cleaning noise
out of the time series. The CTD pressure "drifts" from the beginning of the cruise to
the end, typically registering -5m when initially on deck and -2.5m when brought out
14
of the water (it should read zero at both times). This is taken out of the data using
a linear trend. Second, the time series are clipped according to the following limits:
0 < T < 30, 20 < S < 35, 44 <lat< 45 (north latitude), -125 <lon< -123.8 (east
longitude), 0 < H < 100 (where H is water depth in m), 0 < P < 100 (where P is
the CTD pressure). Finally, the data are hand-checked to pick out obvious glitches.
There was a portion of data from the August 18 cruise where the conductivity cell
stopped working and it appeared that the plumbing was clogged. However, without
two conductivity cells it is difficult to determine with any certainty other times that
this may have occurred. Obvious faults like density inversion are inspected and if it is
clear which portion of the data is bad, it is removed. However, without corroborating
evidence, the data are left alone.
5.4
Gridding
Once time series of all of the measured parameters are determined, the data must
be put on a regular grid for presentation and further analysis. The time series are
broken up into "casts" (the uptrace and downtrace of the instrument do not appear
to differ in quality). Data from each of these casts is then averaged into 1-meter
bins. Objective analysis [Bretherton et al., 1976] is used to take data from a given
depth from all of the casts and place it on a regular grid. The objective analysis was
performed individually on 1-m binned pressure surfaces, with a normal distribution
with a horizontal decorrelation scale of 2 km. The cruises on August 3 and 5 are
gridded using a decorrelation scale of 6 km, since the cross-shelf spacing of the casts
was much greater. The alongshore survey was gridded with an alongshore scale of
1 km. This length was chosen to be short enough to emphasize features with small
spatial scales but long enough that the gridded data have high confidence levels across
the domain. The data are then cropped using a criterion based on the expected error
of the data, so that data with a confidence level less than 90% are excluded (data is
gridded assuming a confidence at the location of the data of 98%).
6
Data Presentation
The rest of this report consists of the gridded data from all 20 successful cruises (i.e.
data from cruises on 4/15, 5/18, 5/28, and 9/29 are not presented).
The following is displayed for each section:
The vehicle path: This shows the depth as a function of cross-shelf distance of
the MiniBAT.
15
The ship path shows the plan-view path of the cruise relative to bathymetry
and to the OSU-NOPP mid- and inner shelf moorings of Levine et al. [2000],
which are marked with stars.
The winds for the four days previous to the cruise from NOAA NDBC buoy
46050, 37 km offshore. The time of the cruise is marked with a red bar.
Surface T, S, Qt: for cruises on 5/19, 6/01, 6/15, and 6/16, line plots of the
surface properties. The vertical axes have not been standardized between these
cruises, to emphasize the variation within each cruise.
Temperature: Cross-shelf section. Two contour intervals are used: 0.2 C from
6-9 C, and 1 C from 9-15 C.
Salinity: Cross-shelf section. Contour interval 0.2 PSU.
Potential density anomaly : Cross-shelf section, computed from salinity and
temperature, contour interval 0.2 kg m-3.
Transmissivity: Percent of light that traverses the 25-cm path length of the
instrument. Contour interval 3%.
Fluorometer voltage: Since the relationship between fluorometer voltage and
actual chlorophyll concentration is approximate at best, and depends on many
parameters which we do not measure, we only display the voltage. Higher
voltages generally correspond to higher concentrations of chlorophyll. Contour
interval 1 volt.
7
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank several people without whom the project would not
have been successful. First and foremost is Ron Barrell, the capable and enthusiastic
captain of the R/V Sacajawea. Mike Kosro helped with instrument acquisition and
early test cruises. Walt Waldorf provided much technical expertise in the lab. Fred
Jones assisted with dockside help, crane operations, and allowed us to store equipment
at the Newport docks. Bill Peterson's lab allowed us to tag along on a few of their
cruises and sent people along to help. Many people helped by going "to sea" for the
day. These include: Andy Dale, Peter Oke, Alexander Kurapov, Ric Brodeur, Steve
Jayne, Robert Emmett, Leah Feinberg, and Elizabeth Austin-Minor. The MiniBAT
was purchased under an ONR DURIP grant (N00014-97-1-0469), and the work described here was funded by a NOPP grant (N00014-98-1-0787). Postscript copies of
this data report are available at http : //eccles. oce. orst. edu/jay/papers/dr . ps.
16
8
References
Barth, J. A., R. O'Malley, J. Fleischbein, R. L. Smith and A. Huyer, 1996: SeaSoar
and CTD Observations During Coastal Jet Separation Cruise W9408A, August to
September 1994. Data report 162, Ref. 96-1, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Sciences,Oregon State University.
Barth, J. A., S. D. Pierce and R. L. Smith, 2000: A Separating Coastal Upwelling
Jet at Cape Blanco, Oregon and its Connection to the California Current System.
Deep-Sea Research II, 47, 783-810.
Boyd, T., M.D. Levine, P. M. Kosro, and S.R. Gard, 2000: Mooring Observations
from the Oregon Continental Shelf, April-September 1999. Data report 177, Ref.
00-1, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University.
Bretherton, F.P., R.E. Davis, and C.B. Fandry, 1976: A technique for objective
analysis and design of oceanographic experiments applied to MODE-73. Deep-Sea
Research, 23, 559-582.
Huyer, A., P. M. Kosro, R. O'Malley, and J. Fleischbein, 1993: SeaSoar and CTD
observations during a COARE surveys cruise, W9211C, 22 January to 22 February
1993. Data Report 154, Ref. 93-2, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,
Oregon State University.
17
ill
25 km
0
20 km
5km
10 km
15 km
0 km
10
20
30
E 40
+. 50
Q
60
5/05/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-1242
-12425
-124 15
-1241
-12405
447
z
4468
_ 44 66
m
-0
40" 1
44 64
80_
ctl
4462
446
ship path
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-1242
-124 25
-124 15
-1241
-124.05
0
longitude.
20
E
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win d
15
10
5
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
May 02
May 03
May 04
Local time (PST)
18
May 05
May 06
25 km
20 km
5 km
10 km
15 km
0
ll7- - 15
0 km
10
14
20
13
30
12
E 40
11
+L.
Q
50
10
60
9
70
8
80
7
90
0 T=1 C (9-1
108
34
10
33
20
30
32
E 40
+-6
Q
50
31
60
30
70
5/05/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
108
26
25
E
24
23
5/05/1999
22
Potential density
L
100
-124.4
-124.35
-1243
-124.25
-124.2
0
0
0.2kg m-3
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
19
-124.1
-124.05
21
25 kin -
20' knt
5")(M _
`t b'*in
15 kilt
0km
100
.T
90
30
80
E 40
+. 50
Q
N
a
70
I
60
"oo
7Q
80
50
90
40
108
5
10
,rM
20
30
E
L
Q
N
I
40
50
60
70
5/05/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-1244
-124 i.35
-124.3
-124 25
-1242
y.
0
o
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
20
-1241
-124.05
Lb km
0
15 km
20 km
5 km
10 km
0 km
10
20
30
E 40
z
Q
0)
50
60
70
80
90
100
-12435
-1244
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
-124.15
-1241
-124.05
-1243
-124.25
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
447
0
z
44 68
-4466
4464
N
44 62
446
ship path
-1244
-12435
Ion itude,
20
15
longitude,
E
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
10
5
rn
\°
\
0
/
/
`
\
J'
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
May 16
May 17
May 18
Local time (PST)
21
May 1y
May 20
4
11.95
11.9
11.85
11.8
11.75
11.7
11.65
11.6
Surface temperature
11.55
5/19/1999
111.55
130.6
30.4
30.2
30
29.8
Ct
IL 29.6
29.4
29.2
Surface salinity
29
5/19/1999
23
22.8
Cr)
22.6
E
22.4
22.2
Surface density
22
21.8
5/1 9/1 999
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
E Longitude
22
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
15km
Lu Km
"Lb Km
0
10 km
b Km
V Km
10
15
14
20
30
12
E 40
Q
50
N 60
70
5/19/1999
Temperature,
80
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
AT=1C 9-15)
90
108
10
20
30
E 40
1
50
60
70
5/19/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
lab
10
20
30
40
d 50
60
70
5/19/1999
80
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
90
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
23
-124.1
-124.05
00
70
60
70
5/19/1999
Transmission
0 Tr= 3%
80
90
50
i
108
70
80
90
100
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
-124 15
Longitude, ° E (44.65 N Latitude)
24
-1241
40
.5
25 km
20 km
15 km
5 km
10 km
Okm
0
to
20
30
E 40
a
50
60
6/01/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
-124.2
-124.15
-124.4
-124.35
-1243
-124.25
-124.2
-124 15
-124.1
-124.05
44.7
44.62
446
o
longitude.
20
15
E
Alongshore v
Winds at NDBC 46050
Cross-shore
10
5
CO
0
E -5
-10
-15
-20
May 29
May 30
May 31
Local time (PST)
Jun 01
Jun 02
w
11
10.5
10
V
9.5
0
9
re
8.5
/1999
34
I
I
I
I
33.5
33
Cl) 32.5
0
32
Surface salinity
31.5
6/01/1999
31
26.5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
26
25.5
M
E
25
0)
24.5
Surface density
24
6/01/1999
23.5
I
-124.4
I
-124.35
I
-124.3
I
-124.25
I
-124.2
E Longitude
26
I
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
25 km
5 km
15 km
20 km
0km
0
10
14
20
13
30
12
E 40
Q
50
10
60
70
6/01/1999
Temperature,
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
80
90
AT=I C (9-15)
108
10
20
30
32
E 40
.L 50
31
CL
60
70
6/01/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
108
10
26
20
30
25
E 40
24
50
60
23
70
6/01/1999
80
Potential density
A al=0.2 kg m-3
90
100
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
0
0
-12415
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
27
-124.05
w
0
10
20
30
E 40
50
60
70
80
90
10Q
10
20
30
E 40
LQ50
60
6/01/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
-12415
Longitude, ° E (44.65° N Latitude)
28
25 km
20 km
15 km
5 km
10 km
Okm
0
10
20
30
E 40
,= 50
60
6/15/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-124.2
-124 15
-1241
-124 05
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
-12415
-1241
-12405
447
z
44 68
4462
446
0
longitude,
20
15
E
Winds at NDBC 46050
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
10
5
0)
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Jun 12
Jun 13
Jun 14
Local time (PST)
29
Jun 15
Jun 16
14.8
14.6
14.4
14.2
V
0
14
13.8
13.6
Surface temperature
13.4
6/15/1999
13.2
33
32.5
32
nsd
31.5
Surface salinity
31
6/15/1999
1
24.4
i
24
.+
24.2
a
E 23.6
'i9
Y 23.4
p..
a
23.2
E
23.8
co
Surface density
it
23
22.6
i
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
E Longitude
Rn
-124.15
-124.1
T.
6/15/1999
22.8
-124.05
a
w
25 km
0
LI
20 km
15 km
5 km
10 km
Okm
10
14
20
13
30
E
15
12
40
11
a
4-
50
10
60
9
70
6/15/1999
Temperature,
80
8
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
A T=1C (9-1
90
108
7
94
10
33
20
30
32
E 40
zQ50
31
60
30
70
6/15/1999
Salinity
o 5=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
-err
108
10
39
26
20
30
25
E 40
50
24
CL
60
23
70
6/15/1999
80
100
22
Potential density
M-3
90
A (Y,=0.2 kg
-124.4
-12435
-12425
-124.3
Longitude,
0
-1242
0
-12415
E (44.65 N Latitude)
31
-1241
-124.05
21
qp
25 km
20 km
5 km
10 km
15 km
0 km
100
90
80
70
60
60
70
6/15/1999
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
90
50
108
10
20
30
E 40
+L 50
60
70
6/15/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-124.4
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
32
-124.1
-124.05
0
10
20
30
E 40
50
60
6/16/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
-124 15
-1241
-124 05
-1243
-12425
-1242
-12415
-1241
-12405
longitude,
E
44.7
-4466
m
44 64
ca
44 62
446
ship path
-1244
-12435
20
15
Alongshore wins
Winds at NDBC 46050
Cross-shore wii
10
5
U)
0
E
-5
10
15
20
Jun 13
JUn 14
Jun 15
Local time (PST)
33
Jun 16
Jun ii
w
15.2
15
P4
14.8
14.6
14.4
I
14.2
14
13.8
13.6
Surface temperature
13.4
6/16/1999
32.5
I
32
ref
Surface salinity
30.5
6/16/1999
242
24
23.8
23.6
r)
23.4
E 23.2
Y 23
22.8
22.6
Surface density
22.4
6/16/1999
22.2
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
E Longitude
34
I
0
20 km
25 km
15 km
0 km
5 km
10 km
10
14
20
13
30
12
E 40
CL
15
11'
50
60
70
6/16/1999
Temperature,
a
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
80
90
AT=1 C(9-1
108
34
10
33
20
30
32
E 40
31
50
a
60
30
70
6/16/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
108
10
26
20
30
25
E 40
+. 50
24
60
23
70
6/16/1999
80
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
90
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-124.25
-1242
o
a
-124.15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
35
-124.1
-124.05
21
w
25 km
0
20 km
10 km
15 km
5 km
0 km
100
10
90
20
30
E 40
80
1
70
50
60
60'
70
6/16/1999
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
90
50
40
108
5
10
45
20
4
30
35
E 40
Q
3
50
25
60
2
15
70
6/16/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
a F=1 V
80
90
100
-124.4
-124 35
-12425
-124.3
Longitude,
-1242
0
-124 15
(44.650
E (44.65 N Latitude)
36
-1241
1
05
-124.05
0
IRW
40
5o
60
70
80
90
100
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
-124.1
-124.05
447
1
44.68
4464
4462
446
ship path
N
-12435
-124.4
-124.3
20
is
-124.25
-124.2
longitude.
E
-124.15
Alongshore wind
Winds at NDBC 46050
cross-shore win
10
5
N
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Jun 26
Jun 27
Jun 28
Local time (PST)
37
Jun 29
Jun 30
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
5km
10 km
Okrr
15
10
14
20
13
30
12
E 40
11
..-50
10
60
9
70
6/29/1999
Temperature,
80
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
A T=1 C (9-1 5)
90
108
7
94
10
33
20
30
32
E 40
+ 50
31
60
30
70
6/29/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
108
10
26
20
30
25
E 40
a
50
24
60
23
70
6/29/1999
80
100
22
Potential density
90
e ai 0.2 kg m-3
-1244
-124 35
-1243
Longitude,
-124 25
0
-1242
0
-124 15
E (44.65 N Latitude)
RR
-1241
-12405
21
I
25 k
20 k
5 km
0 km
15
0 km
100
90
60
7b
60
70
6/29/1999
Transmission
Tr= 3%
80
90
50
108
to
10
20
I
30
E 40
.C 50
Q
60
70
6/2911999
80
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
90
100
-124.4
-124.35
-1243
Longitude,
-12425
0
-124.2
0
-12415
E (44.65 N Latitude)
39
-124.1
-124.05
w
25 km
0
20 km
10km
15 km
0km
5 km
10
20
30
E 40
50
a 60
7/06/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-1242
-12425
-12415
-1241
-12405
447
_ 44 66
m
0
:3 44 64
/
cc
44 62
446
^p
s
I
f
ship pate
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-1242
-124 25
-124 15
-1241
-124 05
0
longitude.
15
E
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
10
5
N
'A .F
0
/
E -5
-10
-15
-20
Jul03
Jul04
Jul05
Jul06
Jul 07
Local time (PST)
An
I
25 km
20, km'
5. kiri
10 kin'
1.5 krim
.,
01km
12-
II
X101
9
8
90
108
33v.
Ih
31
30
90
108
'2e,,
li
24
23:
7/06/1999
Potential density
e at=0.2 kg m-3
100
-124:4
-124.35
-12425
-124.3
-124.2
0
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
0
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
e
41
Ii
Too.,
so
30
e0
E 40
.d
Q
70
50
60
60
70
80
90
108
50
10
20
30
E 40
Q
50
60
70
80
90
100
-124.4
-124.05
42
-
0,
25 km
20 km
5 km
10 km
15 km
0 km
100
90
80
70
60
70
7/27/1999, line c
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
90
50
108
10
20
30
E 40
L
CL
0
7/27/1999, line c
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
-12415
Longitude, ° E (44.65 N Latitude)
66
-124.1
-124.05
0
10
20
13
30
12
E 40
Q
50
a 60
70
80
7/27/1999, line c
Temperature,
90
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
A T= 1C
108
(9-1
10
20
30
E 40
Q
50
31
60
70
7/27/1999 , line c
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
108
10
20
30
25.
E 40
Q
50
24.
60
23
70
7/27/1999, line c
80
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
90
100
-1244
-124.35
-1243
-12425
-1242
0
0
-12415
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
65
-1241
-124 05
25 km
0
20 km
5 km
10 km
15 km
0 km
10
20
30
E 40
50
CL
60
7/27/1999, line c
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-124.4
-124:35
-124:3
=124.25
-124.2,
=124,15
-124.1
-124:05
-124.1
-124.0,5,
44.7
4468
40
4462
ship path
Ii
44.6
-124.4.
-.124.35
-1243
-12425
-1242
-12415
u
0
9
longitude, E
20
15
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
10
5
Cl)
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Y
Jul24
Jul25
Jul26
Local time (PST)
I
64
Jul27
,JpI 28
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
5 km
10 km
0 km
100
10
90
20
30
80
40
-IMF=
501
9. . 70
-a--,
60
60
70
7/27/1999, line a
Transmission
0 Tr= 3%
801
90
50
40
10Q
10
20
30
E 40
L
50
4)
60
70
7/27/1999, line a
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-1244
-124.35
-1243
-124 25
-124.2
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.61 N Latitude)
6:3
-1241
-124 05
0
25 km
10km
15 km
20 km
0
5km
0km
15
10
14
20
13
30
2
E 40
a 50
10
60
9
ii- in aaa, nne a
B
Temperature,
o
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
7
A T=1C (9-1
34
33
32
31
30
7/27/1999, line a
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
29
26
25
E 40
Q
24
50
60
23
70
7/27/1999, line a
80
00
22
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg M-3
90
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.61 N Latitude)
69
-124,1
-124.05
21
25 km
10km
15 km
5 km
0 km
-
20 km
50
60
7/27/1999, line a
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-124.35
-124,4
-1243
-124.25
-124.2
-124 15
-1241
-124.05
-1243
-12425
-1242
-124 15
-1241
-124.05
longitude.
E
44.7
-4466
(1)
+ 44 64
CU
4462
446
ship path
-1244
-124.35
20
0
Alongshore v rind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
15
10
5
Cl)
0
—
E
-5
\_J
w
LT
-10
-15
-20
1
Jul 24
Jul 25
Jul26
Local time (PST)
61
Jul27
Jul 28
20
0
km
1100
30
E 40
+'C-
Q
50
70
60
70
7121 /1999
80
Transmission
4 Tr= 3%
90
50
108
10
20
30
E 40
L
5
50
60
70
7/21/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-124.4
-124 35
-1243
-12425
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
60
-1241
-124 05
U
10
14
20
13
30
E 40
r-
Q
50
60
70
7/21/1999
Temperature,
80
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
A T=1C (9-1
90
log
10
20
30
31
50
60
70
7/21/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
108
10
26
20
30
25
E 40
L
24
CL
4)
7/21/1999
Potential density
A at=0.2 kg m-3
100
-12435
-1243
Longitude,
o
-12425
-1242
-12415
E (44.65 N Latitude)
.rig
21
0
25 km
20 km
5 km
10 km
15 km
0 km
10
20
30
E 40
50
60
7/21/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-124.4
-12435
-124.3
-124.25
-1242
-12415
-1241
-124.4
-124.35
-1243
-12425
-1242
-12415
-124.1
longitude,
E
-124 05
447
44.68
z
44 66
a)
44 64
CC
44 62
446
20
15
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win d
Winds at NDBC 46050
10
5
N
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
I
Jul 18
Jul 19
Jul20
Local time (PST)
58
Jul21
Jul 22
25
0
km
20 km
15 km
10 km
5 km
O km
100
10
90
20
30
80
E 40
4
50
a
60
a
a)
70
60
70
7/20/1999, line g
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
90
50
108
10
20
30
E 40
a
3
'2.5
50
12
60
70
7/20/1999, line g
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
90
100
-124.4
-124.1
57
-124.05
25 km
0
5km
10 km
15 km
20 km
0km
15
10
14
20
13
30
12
E
40
Q
50
11
f0
60
9
70
7/20/1999, line g
Temperature,
A T=0.2 ° C (6-9)
80
90
1
7
AT=1C(9-1
0
33-
32
3i
39
70
7/20/1999, line g
Salinity
0 S=0.2 PSU
80
so
29
108
T
10
26,
20
30
25
E 40
24
50
CL
60
23,
70
7/20/1999, line g
80
100
Y
Potential density
0 a1=0.2 kg m-3
90
=1 4;b
-124 35
-1243
-12425
-1242
-124 15
Longitude, ° E (44.61 0 N Latitude)
u,i
56
-124:1
-124.05
21
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
0 km
5 km
10 km
10
20
30
E 40
+. 50
Q
N 60
7/20/1999, line g
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
-124 15
-1241
-124.05
447
z
d)
44.68
J
4466
+. 44.64
0
CO
44 62
446
ship path
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124 25
-124.2
-124 15
-1241
-124.05
0
longitude, E
20
Alongshore wind
Winds at NDBC 46050
15
Cross-shore wir
10
5
CO
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Jul17
Jul18
Jul19
Local time (PST)
Jul20
Jul 21
km
0 km
5 km
10 km
7/20/1999, line e
Transmission
0 Tr= 3%
50
40
5
10
45
20
4
30
3
40
2
7/20/1999, line e
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
-124.25
-1242
-12415
E (44.70 N Latitude)
54
-1241
0.'.
—124.05
0
20im
0
5km
Vb Mm
1,5 km
Okm
10
20
30
12
E 40
Q
50
60
70
80
7/20/1999, line e
Temperature,
90
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
AT=1C(9-1
103
10
20
30
E 40
Q
50
60
70
7/20/1999, line e
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
108
10
20
30
E
40
a
50
60
70
7/20/1999, line e
80
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
90
100
-124 35
-124.3
-124 25
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.7 N Latitude)
53
-124.1
25 km
20 km
0km
b KM
10 km
15 km
BC)
70
80
90
100
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
-12415
-124.1
-124.05
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
44.7
44.68
4464
4462
44 6
longitude,
20
E
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
15
10
5
rn
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Jul 11
Jul 16
Jul19
Local time (PST)
52
Jul20
Jul 21
25km
5km
Is
0km
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ba
90
108
10
C
7/20/1999, line c
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
20
30
E 40
-C 50
60
70
7/20/1999, line c
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
—124.4
-124 35
-1243
-12425
-124.2
-
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
51
-1241
—12405
[u Km
CO Km
0
15 km
' Km
1u Km
u Kul
10
14
20
13
30
12
E 40
i- 50
60
70
7/20/1999, line c
Temperature,
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
80
90
A T=1C (9-1
108
10
20
30
E 40
50
CL
60
70
7/20/1999, line c
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
108
10
30
E 40
.C
50
CL
60
70
7/20/1999, line c
80
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
90
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
0
0
-12415
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
5u
-1240E
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
0km
5 km
10 km
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-124.25
-1242
-124 15
-124.1
-124.05
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
longitude,
E
44.7
Z
44 68
66
44.62
446
ship path
-1244
-124.35
20
15
1
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
0
5
N
0
E
-5
0
5
Jul 18
Jul19
Local time (PST)
49
Jul20
Jul 21
25
20
10km
15
km
0 km
L
80
0
80
v0
7/20/1999, line a
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
90
4a
108
5
10
95
20
4
30
35
E 40
z.
3
50
25
s0
2
70
,.5
CL
o
1
7/20/1999, line a
Fluorometer Vottage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-124.1
-124'.4
48
1
,
0.5
-12405
a,
0
10
20
30
E 40
-i-
50
60
70
7/20/1999, line a
Temperature,
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
80
90
A T=1C (9-1
108
E
.C
Q
liE
a)
.0
V
7/20/1999, line a
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
108
4
10
20
30
-J
E 40
Q
50
(1)
60
70
7/20/1999, line a
80
Potential density
M-3
A q,=0.2 kg
90
100
-12435
-12425
-124.3
-1242
o
a
-124.15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
47
-1241
—12405
0
25 km
20 km
10 km
15 km
0 km
5 km
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-1242
-12425
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
44 7
z
44.68
-4466
40
+ 44.64
(13
4462
446
ship path\_
-1244
-124 35
-1243
20
-124.25
-1242
longitude,
E
-124 15
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
15
-124.1
10
5
CO
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Jul 17
Jul 18
Jul19
Local time (PST)
46
Jul20
Jul 21
100
90
80
70
60
70
7/15/1999
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
90
50
08
90
10
4.5
20
4
30
3.5
E 40
3
.CL50
2.5
2
60
1.5
70
7/15/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
00
-124.4
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
_
-1242
0
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
45
0.5
-124.1
-124.05
0
20 km
25 km
0km
5km
10 km
15 km
10
14
20
13
30
12
E 40
Q
15
11
50
10
60
9
70
80
7/15/1999
Temperature,
0
90
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
7
A T=1° C (9-1 5)
103
94
10
33
:32
31
30
7/15/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
29
26
25
E 40
24
50
CL
60
23
70
7/15/1999
80
100
22
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
90
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-12425
-1242
-124 15
Longitude, ° E (44.65 N Latitude)
44
-1241
-124 05
21
25 km
20 km
15 km
10 km
0 km
5 km
7/15/1999
Vehicle path
90
100
-124.4
-124 35
-124.3
-12425
-124.2
-124 15
-1241
-124.2
-124.15
-1241
-124.05
447
z
44.68
44.66
0)
+. 44 64
-80--
ca
44.62
Ship path
44.6
1
longitude,
2or
0
I
E
Winds at NDBC 46050
15
f
-12405
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
10
5
U)
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Jul 12
Jul 13
Jul 14
Local time (PST)
43
Jul 15
Jul 16
25 km
0
20 km
5km
10 km
15 km
0 km
10
20
30
E 40
50
60
7/27/1999, line e
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-124.4
-124.35
-1243
-12425
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
-124.15
-1241
-124.05
longitude,
E
44.7
0
z
44.68
44.62
44.6
20
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
15
10
5
(n
0
E -5
-10
-15
-20
Jul 24
Jul 25
Jul 26
Local time (PST)
67
Jul 27
Jul ZU
0
Lu KM
Co Km
lu Km
10 Km
0 Km
u Krrl
f5
10
16
20
13
30
12
E 40
.s- 50
a
C')a
60
9
70
80
7127/1999, line e,
Temperature,
90
I T=0.2 C (6-9)
A T=1` C (9-1 5)
108
10
20
30
32
E 40
a
50
31
60
30
70
7/27/1999, line e
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
108
10
26
20
30
E
25
40
J24
a
0)
v
23
7/27/1999. line e
22
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
0
-1242
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.7 N Latitude)
RR
-1241
20 km
25 km
15 km
5 km
10 km
0 km
100
10
90
20
30
80
E 40
a
70
50
60
60
70
7/27/1999, line e
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
50
40
5
7
30
E 40
a
50
60
70
7/27/1999, line e
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-124.4
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.7 N Latitude)
69
-124.1
0.5
-12405
0
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
0 km
5 km
10 km
10
20
30
E 40
jc
CL
50
60
7/27/1999, line g
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124.4
-124.35
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
44.7
z
44.68
44.66
:3 44.64
44.62
44.6
-124.2
0
E
20
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
15
10
5
0)
E
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
Jul 24
Jul25
Jul26
Local time (PST)
70
Jul27
Jul 28
0
CO Km
lu Km
1b Km
LU Km
OKm
UKm
15
10
20
13
30
E 40
J=
Q
50
60
70
7/27/1999, line g
Temperature,
80
e
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
A T=1C (9-1
90
108
94
10
33
20
30
32
E 40
+- 50
31
Q
60
30
70
7/27/1999, line g
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
108
10
26
20
30
25
E 40
24
50
60
23
70
7/27/1999, line g
80
100
22
Potential density
A a,=0.2 kg m-3
90
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-1242
-124 25
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.61 N Latitude)
71
-124.1
21
-124.U5
iw
90
Be,
E 40
50
70
60
60
70
80
7/27/1999, line g
Transmission
90
A Tr= 3°/a
108
40
5
10
20
30
E 40
..e.
CL
3
2.5
50
60
1.5
70
7/27/1999, line g
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
-124.15
0.5
-124.05
Longitude, ° E (44.61 0 N Latitude)
I
72
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
5 km
10 km
10
20
30
E 40
Q
50
a) 60
7/28/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-124.4
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
-124.3
-124.25
-124.2
-1241
-124 15
-124 05
44.7
44 68
_44.66
a)
V
+ 44 64
CO
44 62
446
0
longi~LUU
"''n,
20
15
E
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
1
7
rn
E
,/V
-10F
15
Jul 25
Jul 26
Jul27
Local time (PST)
73
Jul28
Jul 2'J
25 km
0
5k
20 km
5 an
10 k
0 an
10
15
t
20
14
13
30
12
40
50
60
7/2811999
80
Temperature,
A T=0.2' C (6-9)
A T=1 C(9-15)
90
20
30
E 40
-Q.50
07/28/1999
60
30
70
80
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
90
29
103
10
20
30
25
E 40
4
Q
24
50
60
23
70
7/28/1999
80
100
122
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
90
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
0
o
-124.15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
74
-1241
124.05
15
10
20
30
80
70'
60
70
7/28/1999
Transmission
a Tr= 3%
80
90
11
50
10
4.5
20
4
30
35
E 40
3
Q 50
2.5
60
2
1.5
7/28/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
100
-124A
-124.35
-124.3
-1242
-124.25
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
75
-124.1
1
0.5
-124.05
0
25 km
20 km
0
15 km
5km
10 km
0km
10
20
30
40
50
8/03/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
-12415
-1241
-12405
-1243
-12425
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-12405
longitude,
E
447
z
44
4462
446
ship path
-1244
-12435
20
15
0
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
10
5
U)
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Aug 01
Aug 02
Local time (PST)
76
Aug 03
Aug 04
25 km
20 km
0
15 km
5km
10 km
0 km
15
10
14
20
13
30
12
E 40
11
a
50
CD
60
,0
9
70
80
8/03/1999
Temperature,
8
90
oT=0.2 C (6-9)
7
A T=1C (9-1 5)
108
94
10
33
20
30
32
E 40
a
31
50
60
30
29
27
26
25
24
23
8/03/1999
22
Potential density
A a,=0.2 kg M-3
-124.4
-124 35
-124.3
-124.25
-1242
0
0
-124.15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
77
-124.1
-124.05
21
25 km
20 km
5 km
10 km
15 km
0 km
100
90
80
E
70
CL
m 60
F()
70
80
50
90
1
108
10
20
30
E 40
4
Q
50
60
70
8/03/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-12425
-124.2
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
7R
-1241
-12405
0
f(
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
5km
10 km
0km
10
20
30
E 40
a
50
60
8/05/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-124.25
-1242
-124 15
-1241
-12405
-1243
-12425
-1242
-124.15
-1241
-12405
447
44 62
446
ship path
-1244
-124.35
0
"iv
T5
longitude, E
yT
Alongshore vwind
Cross-shore wind
Winds at NDBC 46050
10
5',
0
E
=5
to
i5
-201
Aug 03
Aug 04
Aug 05
Local time (PST)
79
Aug 06
Aug 07
25 km
20 km
0 km
10 km
15 km
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
84
33
32
31
30
29
27
26
25
24
23
8/05/1999
22
Potential density
0 a1 0.2 kg m-3
100'
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
0
0
-12415
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
80
-1241
-124.05
X21
100
90
30
BO
E 40
a
50
70
60
60
70
80
50
90
40
101
5
E
10
4.5
20
4
30
3.5
40
3
t
25
a
a
2
1,5
8/05/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
100
-1244
-124 35
-1243
-1242
-12425
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
81
-1241
1
0.5
-124.05
0
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
5km
10 km
0 km
10
20
30
E 40
50
CL
60
70
80
90
100
-124A
-124.35
-124.3
-12425
-1242
-12415
-124.1
-12405
-124.25
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
44.7
44 68
z
a)
44.66
V
44 64
.
o_
Rf
44 62
446
°'ship path
-1244
-124.35
-1243
0
longitude,
20
15
E
i
Alongshore v vlntl
Cross-shore wind
Winds at NDBC 46050
I
10
5
V)
E
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
Aug 14
Aug 15
Aug 16
Local time (PST)
82
Aug 17
Aug 18
25 km
0 km
5km
10 km
15 km
20 km
U
10
20
13
30
12
E 40
Q
50
N 60
V
70
80
8/17/1999
Temperature,
90
A T=0.2.
C (6-9;
A T=1° C (9-1
log
10
33
20
30
E 40
jc
Q
50
31
0 60
70
80
29
90
108
10
26
20
30
5
E 40
50
60
23
70
8/17/1999
80
Potential density
A at 0.2 kg m-3
90
100
-124A
-124 35
-1243
-124.25
-1242
o
a
-124.15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
RR
-124.1
-1 Z4 W
i60
60
8/17/1999
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
90
150
108
65
10
20
30
E 40
z
50
25
60
2
CL
70
8/17/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-1244
-12435
-12425
-124.3
-1242
0
0
-12415
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
Rd
-124 1
05
0
u Km
b Km
10km
15 km
Lu Km
Lb Km
3b Km
:sU Km
35
8/18/1999
Vehicle path
40
45
50
445
-124.25
w
4455
4465
44.6
447
44.75
44.8
A
A
-124:2.
-124.1
=.24.05
.124
1.44;5
Ir
44.55
ash
44.65
44,7
44.75
44:&
0
latitude, N
20
Alongshore vrind
Winds at NDBC 46050
Cross-shore wind
10
0
II
1:0
20
Aug 15
Aug 16
Aug 18
Aug 17
Local time (PST)
Aug 19
I
85
0km
5km
10 km
15 km
0
20 km
35 km
30 km
25 km
15
5
14
10
13
15
12
E 20
11
+L. 25
0-
10
0)30
9
35
8/18/1999
40
Temperature,
8
45
A T=1C (9-15)
7
58
34
5
33
10
15
Li
E 20
25
d
0)30
35
8/18/1999
40
Salinity
45
A S=0.2 PSU
32
31
30
29
sg
5
26
10
15
25
E 20
Q.
24
25
0a) 30
35
8/18/1999
40
Potential densit
22
Act 0.2kgm
45
50
23
445
4455
Latitude,
446
0
4465
0
447
N (-124.1 E Longitude)
86
44.75
44.8
21
0km
5 km
10 km
15 km
20 km
35 km
30 km
25 km
100
90
80
70
8/18/1999
Transmission
60
50
A To 3%
40
5
4
3.5.
3
5
8/18/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
44.5
4455
44.6
44.65
447
Latitude, ° N (-124.1 0 E Longitude)
87
0
44.75
25 km
0
20 km
15 km
5 km
10 km
0 km
10
20
30
E 40
4
Q
50
60
70
80
90
100
-1244
-12435
-124.3
-12425
-124.2
-124.15
-1241
44.7
z
u)
-124 05
4
44.68
4466
:3 44 64
60
4462
446
ship path
-1244
-12435
-124.3
-12425
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.05
0
longitude, E
20
15
Alongshore vvind
Cross-shore wind
Winds at NDBC 46050
10
5
CO
0
E -5
-10
-15
-20
Aug 29
Aug 30
Aug 31
Local time (PST)
88
Sep 01
Sep 02
- 15:
20
30
40
9/01/1999
Temperature,
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
6 T=1 C (9-15)
103
10
20
30
E 40
a
50
60
70
9/01/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
108
10
20
30
E 40
-a50
60
70
9/01/1999
80
Potential density
90
100
Aai 0.2kgm 3
-124.4
-124 35
-124.3
-124.25
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
89
-124.1
-124.05
IN
90
80
/6
60
9/01/1999
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
50
65
4
3.5
3
2.5
.
9/01/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
-12425
-1242
o
-12415
E (44.65 N Latitude)
90
-1241
25 km
20 km
15 km
'0-km'
5 km
10 km
9/14/1999
70
'Vehicle paXh.
80
90
100
-124.4
-124 35
-1243
-124.25
-1242
-124 15
-124.1
-1244
-12435
-1243
-124.25;
-124.2'
-124.15
12'4.11
-124.05
44 7
-124:05,
0
longitude, E
20
Alongshore v And
Cross-shore wing
Winds at NDBC 46050
15
10
5
U)
E
0
i
1
-5
-10
-15
-20
11
zi
Sep 11
Sep 12
Sep 13
Local time (PST)
9i
Sep 14
Sep 15
25 km
15 km
20 km
5 km
10 km
O km
-
15
14
13
30
12
E 40
11
+L 50
10
N 60
9
70
9/14/1999
Temperature,
o
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
60
90
8
7
A T=1C (9-1
108
a
10
33
20
30
32
E 40
..- 50
31
CL
60
30
70
9/14/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
108
10
26
20
30
E
a
m
V
25
40
24
50
60
23
70
80
22
90
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
-12425
-1242
0
0
-12415
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
92
-124.1
-124.05
21
0
10
20
30
E 40
50
60
70
9/14/1999
Transmission
0 Tr= 3%
80
90
108
10
20
30
E 40
4Q50
9/14/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
0 F=1 V
-124 35
-1243
-124.25
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
93
-1241
-124 05
0
25'M1
20 km
5km
lo km
15
0km
0
20
50
60
9/15/1999
Vehicle path
3G
60
90
100
-1244
-124.35
-124.3
-12425
-124.2
-124.15
-124.1
-124.5
-12426
-124.2
-12415
-124.1
-12405
447
_.\
4462
446
ship path
-1244
-124.35
-124.3
longitude. E
20
15
Alongshore wind
Winds at NDBC 46050
cross-shore win
5
N
0
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Sep 12
Sep 13
Sep 14
Local time (PST)
94
Sep 15
Sep 16
I
15'
14
13.
12
11
10
70
9/15/1999
Temperature,
80
F
A T=0.2 C (6-9)
A T=1C (9-1
90
108
rt
10
33
20
30
32
E 40
a
+L.
50
31
60
30
70
9/15/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
29
108
10
20
ti
2&
11
25,.
30
E 40
a
50
-24
60
23:
70
80
22
90
100
-124,A
-124.35
-1243
-12425
-1242
0
-124.15
0
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
11
95
-1241
-124:05'
711
20 km
25 km
15 km
10 km
5. km
0km
100
10
20
30
E
40
t
50
+.
80
aB
4) 60
v
60,
70
9/15/1999
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
90
50
I
108
10
20
30
E 40
c
50
60
70
9/15/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-124A
-124 35
-1243
-12425
-1242
0
-124 15
-1241
0,5
-124.05
0.
0
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
I
it
96
1,
0
20 km
'Lb km
15 km
5 km
10 km
0 km
10
20
30
i
E 40
a
ti
50
60
9/28/1999
Vehicle path
70
80
90
100
-1244
-12435
-1243
447
z
44 68
c 44 66
V
44 64
(13
44 62
446
-1243
20
15
-12425
-1242
longitude,
E
-12415
Alongshore wind
Cross-shore win
Winds at NDBC 46050
10
`-
5
U)
0
,.
E
-5
-10
-15
-20
Sep 25
Sep 26
Sep 27
Local time (PST)
97
Sep 28
Sep 29
20 km
25 km
15 km
10 km
5 km
30
E
40
a
50
a1
70
9/28/1999
Temperature,
80
T=02.
4 T=0.2 C (6-9)
AT=1 C (9-15)
90
103
10
20
30
E 40
a
50
60
70
9/28/1999
Salinity
A S=0.2 PSU
80
90
103
10
20
30
E 40
La50
a0)
60
70
9/2811 9 9 9
80
Potential density
A a t=0.2 kg m-3
90
100
-1244
-12435
-124.3
-12425
-1242
-124.15
Longitude, ° E (44.65 N Latitude)
98
-124.1
-124.05
0
25 km
20 km
0 km
5 km
10 km
15 km
-
100
10
90
20
30
E
40
jc
50
CL
80
70
D 60
60
70
9/28/1999
Transmission
A Tr= 3%
80
90
50
100
50
10
45
20
4
30
3.5
E 40
P 50
3
60
2
2.5
Q
15
70
9/28/1999
Fluorometer Voltage
A F=1 V
80
90
100
-124.4
-124 35
-1243
-124 25
-1242
0
0
-124 15
Longitude, E (44.65 N Latitude)
as
-124 1
1
0.5
-124.05
0