OCEANOGRAPHY
C
CIO
^,
NOV 1980i;s'
a
LIBRARY
c' OREGt H
STA?E
UNIYEF{Si- y
45
Towed Thermistor Chain
Observations During MILE
by
T. J. Spoering
C. A. Paulson
D. Denbo
and
J. Wagner
Office of Naval Research
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
N00014-76-C-0067
N00014-79-C-0004
NR 083-102
Reference 79-11
Data Report 74
July 1979
Reproduction in whole or in part is
permitted for any purpose of the
United States Government
Unclassified
CJRIT' CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (*he. 0.:. Entered)
READ INSTRUCTIONS
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
3
RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
S
TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED
2 GOVT ACCESSION NO.
REPORT NUMBER
I
9-11
_E
and Su6H rI e)
Data
TOWED THERMISTOR CHAIN OBSERVATIONS
DURING MILE
Data Report No. 74
9
CONTRACTOR GRANT NUMBER(.)
k
AUTHOR.)
7
PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
6
T.
J. Spoering, C. A. Paulson
D. Denbo and J. Wagner
N00014-76-C-0067
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10
N00014-79-C-0004
School of Oceanography
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331
1!
NR 083-102
12. REPORT DATE
CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
July 1979
Office of Naval Research
Ocean Science and Technology Division
Arlington, VA
It
PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT. TASK
AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS
ER OF PAGES
Q.
X
22217
10
15. SECURITY CLASS, (of this ,.pore)
MONITORING AGENCY NAME b AOORESS(II different Irom Controlling Office)
unclassified
ISs. OECLASS IFICATION DOWNGRADING
SCHEDULE
16
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)
Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
17
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract .n0.red in Block 20, If different from Report)
18
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse aide It n.cee-ry and identity by block nilslber)
a
Towed Therimistor Chain
Horizontal Temperature Variability
Isotherm Cross-sections
Mixed Laver Experiment (MILE)
20
-
ABSTRACT (Contlnu. err rv.ru side If necessary and Identify by block number)
Observations of temperature between 20 and 40 m depth were made with a
towed thermistor chain in the North Pacific (50N, 145W) during the Mixed Layer
The chain was usually towed at a speed of 3 m/s around a
Experiment (MILE).
20 km square on alternate days for a three-week period beginning on 20 August
The observations were averaged over sequential 30-second intervals and
1977.
isotherm depths were interpolated from the averaged observations. Plots of
temperature and isotherm depth are presented. The plots show the horizontal
rim i jis7,1:,cPr-Pr
d the
variability of temperature in the well-mixed ever
.rt
DD I.IANA77 1473
EDITION OF I NOV 6S IS OBSOLETE
S/N 0102-014.6601
Unclassified
over
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data tnr.,
Unclassified
.- TY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE/when Data F_at. nd)
of isotherms induced by internal waves
in the thermocline.
Unclassified
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS P AG E(W .n GT. Ln:
1n.
TOWED THERMISTOR CHAIN
OBSERVATIONS DURING MILE
by
T. J.
Spoering,
C. A. Paulson
D. Denbo and J. Wagner
School of Oceanography
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Reference 79-11
July 1979
G. Ross Heath
Dean
Data Report 74
Office of Naval Research
Contract N00014-76-C-0067
and N00014-79-C-0004
Project NR 083-102
Approved for public
release,
distribution unlimited
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The design and construction of the thermistor chain were carried
out by the Technical Planning and Development Group at Oregon State
University under the direction of Rod Mesecar. The cooperation of the
officers and crew of the NOAA ship OCEANOGRAPHER, Captain George Poor
is gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by
the office of Naval Research through contracts N00014-76-C-0067 and
commanding,
N00014-79-C-0004 under Project NR 083-102.
e+.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS--------------------------------------------------i
INTRODUCTION------- --------------------------------------------1
INSTRUMENTATION---- ---------------------------------------------1
OBSERVATIONS-----------------------------------------------------1
ANALYSIS--------------------------------------------------------2
REFERENCES----
REFERENCES-------------------------------------------------------2
APPENDICES
A.
Tow Tracks----------------------------------------------3
B.
Temperature Cross-sections-----------------------------18
C.
Isotherm
Cross-sections, 0.50C
D.
Isotherm
Cross-sections, 1.00 Spacing------------------84
Spacing-----------------51
INTRODUCTION
This report presents observations of temperature
in the upper ocean
chain as a part of the Mixed Layer Experiment
observations were taken between 20 and 40 m depth in the
obtained with a towed thermistor
(MILE).
The
vicinity of Ocean Station P (50N, 145W) during August and September 1977.
The thermistor chain was towed by the NOAA Ship OCEANOGRAPHER.
The temperature observations have been analyzed by Spoering (1979)
to show the characteristics of internal waves in the upper ocean.
report
Spoering's
also contains additional descriptions of the instrumentation, observa-
tions and analysis.
INSTRUMENTATION
The thermistor chain was constructed
of
sensors, conductors, plastic
fairing, a strain member and a 450 kg. depressor.
installed at 1 m intervals
over a 25 m
sensors were installed at intervals
The thermistors were
Four pressure
lead-filled depressor
section of the chain.
of 8
m.
was attached to the lower end of the chain.
The 450 kg.
The angle between the chain
and the vertical was less than 100 for tow speeds up to 3 m/s with the
depressor at a depth of 40 m.
Signals from the sensors
were recorded and
displayed aboard ship by use of a minicomputer system.
OBSERVATIONS
The thermistor chain was usually towed on alternate days around a
20 km square.
The tow tracks and times are presented in Appendix A.
The
tow beginning on 5 September proceeded four times around a five-km square
centered on a heavily instrumented mooring.
The tow tracks and speeds were
determined from satellite fixes, radar fixes on the moorings and dead
reckoning.
During tows, the ships heading and speed were maintained as
constant as possible on each leg.
The tow speed ranged from 1 to 3 m/s
and usually was greater than 2 m/s.
The structure of the upper ocean and the meteorological conditions
were characteristic of mid-latitudes during late summer.
The
upper 30 m
of the ocean was usually well-mixed or weakly stratified, bounded below by
1
a layer of large temperature gradient.
from near calm to 20 m/s.
Winds during the experiment ranged
Wind speeds during tows of the thermistor chain
ranged up to 12 m/s.
The only disappointment in the performance of the thermistor chain
system was the failure of many of the temperature sensors. The failures
were caused by saltwater leaks into the potting between the thermistors
and the pad resistors and by leaks through the glass coatings of the
thermistor. As a result of these failures only 4 to 10 thermistors were
functional
at any one
time.
in one section of the chain.
The operational thermistors were concentrated
This section was normally centered
at a depth
of about 30 m,-in and above the region of high stratification.
ANALYSIS
The temperature observations were low-pass filtered by computing
sequential 30 s averages.
The filtered observations were edited to remove
effects of radio noise and other errors. These filtered and edited observations are shown in Appendix B as functions of time and distance during a
tow.
Isotherm depths were determined by linear interpolation between the
filtered temperature observations. The depths of isotherms at spacings of
0.5°C are shown in Appendix C as functions of time and distance during a
tow.
Some of the tows are also plotted with a 1.0°C spacing in Appendix D.
REFERENCES
Spoering, T. J., 1979:
ocean.
Towed
observations
of internal
waves in the upper
Report 79-10, School of Oceanography, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, OR 97331, 121 pp.
APPENDIX A
Tow Tracks
Tow tracks are shown on the following pages for
all of
the runs.
of the coordinate system is at 49° 43.31'N, 145 W. The abcissa
and ordinate are in kilometers displacement to the east and north, respeclively. The locations of each of the moorings are shown by an X. The
The origin
southern mooring was the most heavily instrumented, primarily with VACMs.
The northern mooring was instrumented by R. Davis with propeller-type
current meters. The eastern mooring consisted of a wave-rider.
3
I
1
30
20
P.
x
10
1
,L.
-10
-10
0
20 RUG 77
RUN 01
I
p
-LA
0: BEGINNING
10
20
30
TOW TRACKS !KM)
GMT
1846 TO 2201
V ENO
x: MOORING
1
I
x
10
x
0
-10
-20
-20
-10
22 RUG 77
0
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
1648 TO 1654 GMT
0: BEGINNING
V END X: MOORING
RUN 02
10
0
0
24 AUG 77
RUNS 03-06
0: BEGINNING
TOW TRACKS (KM) 10
;654
TO ;848 GMT
END
x: MOORING
I
i
I
10
x
0
-10
-20
-20
-1.0
0
26-27 RUG 77
RUN 07-09
D: BEGINNING
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
1521
C> :
TO 0028 GMT
END
x: MOORING
20
10
0
X
-10
-20
-20
10
-10 AUG 77
28-29
TOW TRACK 'KM
RUNS 10-12
T^., 211S
BEGINNING
END
8
X
,MT
MOORING
20
- 20
-l0
D
0
30-31 AUG 77
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
RUNS 13-)S
1736 TO 0328
BEGINNING
END
9
GMT
MOORING
20
I
20
10
-10
-20
-20
-10
1-2 SEP 77
RUNS 16-18
0: BEGINNING
0
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
1723 TO 0052 GMT
D: END
10
x: MOORING
20
20
10
0
-10
__j
-20
I
-20
-10
3-4 SEP 77
RUNS 19-21
: BEGINNING
0
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
1811 TO 0259 GMT
V END
x: MOORING
20
x
10
x
-10
-20
I
-20
1_
-10
5-6 SEP 77
RUNS 22-23
: BEGINNING
I
f
0
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
1817 TO 0227 GMT
V. END
12
x: MOORING
11
ti
-10
-20
-20
-10
5 SEP 77
0
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
1817 TO 2027 GMT
V END x: MOORING
D: BEGINNING
RUN 22
x
10
x
-10
-20
-20
-10
5 SEP 77
RUN 22
0: BEGINNING
0
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
2027 TO 2225 GMT
D: ENO
14
X: MOORING
10
0
-10
-20
-20
-10
0
5-6 SEP 77
RUN 22
: BEGINNING
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
2225 TO 0028 GMT
V END
X: MOORING
I
-20
-10
6 SEP 77
RUN 23
BEGINNING
0
10
TOW TRACKS (KM)
0031 TO 0229 GMT
V
lb
END
X. MOORING
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-10
0
20
30
40
8 SEP 77 TOW TRACKS (KM)
RUN 24
1814 TO 2107 GMT
D: BEGINNING
D: END
X: MOORING
10
50
APPENDIX B
Temperature Cross-sections
Temperature averaged over sequential 30 s intervals
are plotted
on the following pages.
18
10
1916
+
1nrc
20 AUG 77-
RUN 01
DEPTH
LQ16
-
2046.
,
2116
2146 (GMT)
TEMP VS .Tl ME/D-I STRNCE
:- 22.7, 23 8, 24 8, 2 5.9, 26.5, 28.
-
.
32, 2, 35. 3., 41.6
M
0
100
200
300
(M)
12
U
CD
W
O
fi
11
1608
22 AUG 77
RUN 02
Z
1652
< GM R
)
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
-.2
DERM =L
5
I
12
r
11
I
..
CD
10
0
9
8
'I
1654
1724.
RUN 03
1754
24 AUG 77
.1824
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 24.8, 25..9, 26.9, 28.0, 30.1 M
(GMT)
i
0
I
I
r
I
-
5
10
I
I
15 (KM)
I
I
12
0.
ib
1;
11
I
/vV
N
N
9
8
1852
1922
RUNS 04-05
1952
24 AUG 77
2022
2052
2122 (GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/OISTRNCE
QEPTN = X4.8, 26.9.29 .0. aRa_---in a. __
10
22 (K")
is
I
T
12
11
v
0
10
D
I-
9
8
L2142
L
L
\
l
t
2212
2242
RUNS 05-06
DEPTH =
2312
24 RUG 77
2342
0012
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
24.8,25.9,26.9,28.0,30.1 M
(GMT)
5
K
10
20
15
(KM)
12
11
F-
9
8
1521
1551
RUN 07
1621
26 AUG 77
1651
1721
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 21.7-,22.7.24,.8,2S.9,26.9,28 8, 3 B 1
11
I
12
11
Li
A
F
V
L
1810
1840
RUN 08
DEPTH =
1910
26 AUG 77
1940
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
21.7,22.7,24.8,25.9,26.9,28.0,30.1
M
(GMT)
5
K
10
12
(KM)
20
15
I
T
T
T
11
Trrnlrmr,".( "'
I
N
Y
u
9
8 r-
I
u,-
1959
2029
RUN 09
L
_.O WT H.
2059
2129
26 AUG 77
7L
2159
TEMP VS T1ME/OISTANCE
T
-69
83
,1*
I
(GMT)
10
15
CKM
I
12
11
w
0
10
9
a
2229
2259
RUN 09
DEPTH
2329
26 AUG 77
=
I
I
2359
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
22.7,24.8,25.9,26.9,28.0,30.1
M
0
(KM)
1
12
11
V
9
8
1515
RUNS 10-11
1530
28 RUG 77
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 22.7,24.8,25.9,26.9,28.0-30.1 M
0
5
(KM)
F-
1744
1844
RUN 11
28 AUG 77
TEMP VS TIME'/171STANrr
(GMT)
0
5
T
I
2% (")
1S
T
E
12
11
9
8
1541
1611
RUN 11
DEPTH =
1641
28 AUG 77
1711
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
22.7,24.8,25.9,26.9,28.0,30.1
M
5
10
15
12
v
r
9
U
$
I-
8
1905
1935
2005
RUNS 11-12
DEPTH
2035
2105
28 RUG 77
2135
2205
2235
TEMP VS TIME/OISTRNCE
= 22.7,24,8,25.9,26.9,28.0,30.1,34.3
M
(GMT)
5
(KM)
U
w
N
21/12/41
RUN 12
DEPT-
2211
28 AUG 77
2241
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
- 22.7.24.8, 25.9, 26.9,
3
(GMT)
10
5
AS
(K19)
12
11
v
I-
9
8
2303
2333
RUN 12
DEPTH =
0003
28 AUG 77
0033
0103
TEMP VS TiME/DISTANCE
22.7,24.8,25.9,26.9,28.0,30.1,34.3 M
(GMT)
(KM)
I
12
10
U
WCD
9
a
7
I
I
1
1736
RUN 13
30 AUG 77
1751
I
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/OISTANCE
DEPTH = 28.5, 30.6, 31.7.32.7, 33.8, 40.0 N
'1833
1903
RUNS 13-1R-
30 AUG 77
DEPTH
=
1933
2003
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
28.5,30.6,31;.7,32.7,33.8,40.0 M
(GMT)
0
10
5
15
20
(KM)
rn
2041
21/12/41
RUN 14
0 EPTH =
30 AUG 77
C.
2211
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
A 3I
ss
4
(GMT)
0
5
T
1
T
10
7
Ti
15
20
T
(KM)
T
1
12
11
10
8
7
0128
0158
RUN 15
0228
31 RUG 77
0258
TEMP VS TIME/DISTPNCE
DEPTH = 28.5,30.6,31.7,32.7,33.8.40.8 r!
(GMT)
I--
2258
2328
RUN 15
2358
30 AUG 77
0028
0058
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 28.5,30.6,31.7,32.7,33.8,40.0
M
(GMT)
CKM
F
12 'U
f
it
10
L
8
6
J
i
1723
RUN 16
1
1738
SEP 77
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 18.6,20.7,22.7,23.8,30.1
M
0
5
10
15
20
(KM)
12
11
l0
9
8
7
6
1757
1827
1857
RUN 17
1
SEP 77
1927
1957
2027
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 31.9,34.0,36.1,37.1,4.3.4 n
(GMT)
=d;
S
20
iL
I
I
I
i
12
r
11
r
10
F
it
6
2107
2137
2207
RUNS 17-18
,DEPT'H
2237
1
SEP 77
2307
2337
0007
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
31.9,34.0,36.1,37J,4-3.4-
M
(GMT)
5
1811
1841
RUN 19
10
1911
3 SEP 77
15
1941
TEMP VS TIME/DISTRNCE
(KM)
(GMT)
0
I
10
15
T
I
CKM
I
12
iA
r
1.1
10'
olN
f
CD
41
W
w
0
C
11
20'25
2055
RUN 20 a SEP 77
2125
2155
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 29.1,31.2,33.3,34.4,37.5
M
_L
(GMT)
0
5
10
15
20
(KM)
12
11
10
U
U
W
0
9
8
6
2227
2257
RUN 21
2327
3 SEP 77
DEPT= 2
2357
0027
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/OISTRNCE
,'"
Y
10
12
10
8 I-
6 -
7
1
0047
0117
RUN 21
0107
4 SEP 77
0217
0247
TEMP VS TIME/OISTRNCE
DEPTH = 29.1,31.2,33.3,34.4,37.5 M
(GMT)
K
S
10
1s
(KM)
12
10'
w
0
8
7
1817
1847
1917
1947
(GMT)
5 SEP 77 TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 28. 6, 38.7, 32.8.33.8,.48..1. M.
RUN 22
.
-
ii
,A
0
I
5
10
15
W
O
11
I-
2027
2127
2057
RUN 22
DEPTH
S SEP 77
=
(GMT)
2157
TEMPI VS T I'ME/D-I STANCE
28.6,30.7,32.8,33.8,4.0..1.
M
0
5
10
15
(KM)
12
11
9
I-
8
U
V
7
2225
2255
2325
RUN 22 5 SEP 77
DEPTH a
. 6y
',
2355
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
7.32
-8.
_
..K
!MElil9
is
10
CKM
12
8
7
L
0101
RUN 23
0131
6 SEP 77
0201
(GMT)
TEMP VS TIME/DISTANCE
DEPTH = 27.5,28.6,30.7,32.8,33.8,40.1
M
5
I
10
T
15
20
25
(KM)
T
13
I
12
11
I
1814
1$44
19,14
RUN 24
DEPTH
8 SEP 77
- 29. 31.
1944.
2014
2044
TEMP VS TIME/DISTRNCE
,m
(GMT)
APPENDIX C
Isotherm Cross-sections, 0.5°C Spacing
Isotherm depths, interpolated linearly
from the temperatures
in Appendix B are plotted on the following
pages.
7)
74
plotted
0
11346
5
1916
RUN 01
10
1946
20 AUG 77
2016
15
2046
2116
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTRNCE
T = 6.5 TO 12.0 DEG G IN 0.5 DIEG 1'NtREi'1EN7S
(KM>
2146 (GMT)
r = 6.5 t0
12.0 DEG
100
164$
RUN 02
22 AUG 77
v
C !N 0.5yLWIZ
200
''1'c1UlblHNCE
1 NCRE/
300 CM)
1652 CGMT)
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T= 11.0 TO 1Snccr
0
5
10
(KM)
T
-20
-30
I
1654
1724
RUN 03
24- RUG 77
1754
1824
(GMT)
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTRNCE
T = 9.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN
04.5
Ai"
9.
1852
1922
RUNS O4-05
T0 - 2 0 DIG G= 1 N =. S `t}EG
1952
24 RUG 77
2022
/7+.'!g
2052
"
..
2122 (GMT)
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 OEG
INCREMENTS
0
2142
10
2212
RUNS 05-06
224.2
24 RUG 77
2312
15
2342
20
0012
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
(KM)
(GMT)
0
-5
is
10
-20
-30
1521
1551
RUN 07
1621
26 RUG 77
1651
1721
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 9.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG
INCREMENTS
(GMT)
0
5
10
15
(KM)
-20
-30
1840
1810
RUN 08
26 RUG 77
1910
1940
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREtENTS
(GMT)
-A r
5
10
15
-20
-30
1959
2029
RUN 09
2059
26 RUG 77
2129
2159
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 9.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
0
2229
5
15
2259
RUN 09
26 RUG 77
2329
2359
ISOTHERM VS TIME/DISTANCE
(KM)
(GMT)
0
1
M0
-20
N
-30
--
1515
RUNS 10-11
28 RUG 77
1530
-
(GMT)
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 9.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS
0
5
10
15
1541
1611
1641
1711
20
(KM)
-20
-30
28 AUG 77 ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C .!N 0.5.DEG INCREMEMTS_
(GMT)
RUN 11
``
0
5
r
1
1744
1814
RUN 11
28 RUG 77
1844
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 10.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5
DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
0
1905
5
1935
10
2005
2035
20
15
2105
2135
2205
25
2235
RUNS 11-12 28 RUG 77 ISOTHERMS VS TI ME/D I STANCE ...:,
=+G
T =_'8.0 T Q- 12.0 DES.- CLI±:t
(KM)
(GMT)
"
.
10
s
J
T
-20k-
i:-W
Is
(icn-)
I
r
-30 -
2111
214.1
RUN 12
28 AUG 77
2211
2241
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
`'
'.
5
0
15
10
(KM)
II
2303
2333
RUN 12
0003
28 AUG 7:7
0033
0103
'ISOTHERMS VS T I ME/D I STANCE
T = 9.0 TO. 12.0 DEG C IN 015 DG ,,,,i NCR
lENT-!F
(GMT)
rn
N
1736
RUN 13
30 AUG 77
1751
(GMT)
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 6.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS
0
5
(KM)
20
15
10
.-30
rn
Ni
00
-40
1803
1833
RUNS 13-14
1933
1903
30 RUG 77
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 6.5 TO 12.0 DEG.C. (N 0.5
..F.
(GMT)
2003
DEG '-NCR. FP
I
i
a
Mllta
-
-
5
2111
2041
RUN 14
is
10
30 RUG 77
21 41
2211
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 6.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
0
2258
5
2328
10
2358
15
20
0028
0058
RUN 15 30 AUG 77 ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCRE
25
(KM)
(GMT)
5
.
10
20 c c S
1b
I
-30
ii
0128
0158
RUN 15
31 AUG 77
0228
0258
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 6.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5
DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
2
(KM)
I
-20
NJ
1
-30
i
1723
RUN 16
1
1738
SEP 77
(GMT)
ISOTHERM VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 12.0 DEG C
0
5
20
15
10
li
0i-
N
-40
I
I
L.
1757
1857
1827
RUN 17
=
tI
1.
SEP 77
1927
1957
2027
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTRNC:E
.6.0 TO 1.2.0 DEG C IN 0..5 DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
0
10
20
(KM)
-30
-40
2107
2137
2207
RUNS 17-18
T:
I
2237
SEP 77
2307
2337
0007
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTRNCE
TO 12.5DEG;
(GMT)
/NCR
-30
I
-40
1811
1841
RUN 19
1911
3 SEP 77
1941
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEC INCREMENTS
(GMT)
,
5
10
(KM)
15
-30
-40
2025
2055
RUN 20
2125
3 SEP 77
T A L7 2<Ll
17
2155
(GMT)
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
J
F-I
10
5
I
T
T
218
1
J
<
2227
I
I
2327
2257
RUN 21
i
I
3 SEP 77
I
I
2357
I
t
1
0027
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.0 TO 12.0 OEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS
a_ 1.1
(GMT)
0
T
5
7
I
II
10
15
F
r
(KM)
20
>
TT
r
F-
LL-----t
004 7
0117
0147
0217
0247
4 SEP 77 ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 6.5 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS
RUN 21
(GMT)
5
aI
.0 AIEG ZIL I
5
1
I
N 0.^EC,
10
I
15
T
I
It "I
I
-80 f--
N
-40
l__
1817
L
1917
181.7
RUN 22
5 SEP 77
194.7
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
0
2027
5
10
2057
RUN 22
2127
5 SEP 77
15
2157
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
(KM)
(GMT)
10
W.
is
s
p'I
-30 4-
-40
2225
L
2255
RUN 22
2325
5 SEP 77
2355
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 0.5
DEC 1NGREMENTS
(GMT)
5
10
15
(KM)
I
1
0031
4
0101
RUN 23
-1
0131
6 SEP 77
1
J
0201
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 6.5 TO 12.8 DEG C_1N 8
(GMT)
0
S
10
15
1844
1914
1944
RUN 24
8 SEP 77
i
20
o-l
00
w
N
II
1814
2014
2044
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTRNCE
T = 6.5 TO 12.5 DEG C IN 0.5 DEG INCREMENTS.
(GMT)
APPENDIX D
Isotherm Cross-sections, 1.00 Spacing
Isotherm depths, interpolated linearly from the temperature observations shown in Appendix B are
plotted on the following pages for selected
runs.
84
re
2
4
(KM)
I
-30
N
1736
RUN 13
30 AUG 77
1751
(GMT)
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 1.0 DEG INCREMENTS
20
15
10
(KM)
I
1803
1833
RUNS 13-14
1903
30 RUG 77
1933
2003
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.0 TO 12.0 BEG C IN 1.0 OEG tMCEIENTS
(GMT)
0
S
10
15
2%
I
I
I
I
I
21/12/41
I.
2041
RUN 14
30 RUG 77
l
2211
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 1.0 DEG INCREMENTS
(K!'1)
l
(GMT)
5
10
20
15
25
(KM)
-30
-40
2258
2328
RUN 15
2358
30 RUG 77
0028
0058
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 1.0 DEG 1NCREHf4T
(GMT)
0
2% (KM)
'S
Is
5
-30
-40
1
0128
I
0158
RUN 15
31 RUG 77
0228
0258
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 OEG C IN 1.0 DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
I
-2
-T
I
(KM)
T
- 20 !-
N
1
-30 f-
1723
RUN 16
1
1738
SEP 77
(GMT)
ISOTHERM VS TIME/DISTANCE
1 = 12.0 OEG C
1-T
r
r -1
T
-30
1757
1827
RUN 17
1857
1
SEP 77
1927
T
1957'
2027
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.0 TO 12.0 DEG
C
IN 1.0 DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
0
10
I
T
1
I
-30
20
(KM)
I
T
N
-40
2107
2137
2207
RUNS 17-18
T
1
2237
SEP 77
2307
2337
0007
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTRNCE
(GMT)
10
15
I
T
I
I
1811
L
1
I
1841
RUN 19
L_
1911
3 SEP 77
L
1941
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 1.0
DEG INCREMENTS
_s
(GMT)
0
I
i
T --T
10
T
1
(KM)
15
I
1
T
-3o
0
f
i
2025
2055
1
L
2125
2155
3 SEP 77 ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 1.0 DEG INCREMENTS
RUN 20
(GMT)
0
2%
5
-30
2227
2327
2257
RUN 21
3 SEP 77
I = 7.0 TO 12.0
2357
0027
ISOTHERMS VS
OEG C INI 1.0 OEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
0
I
IT
5
10
15
20
0217
0247
IT
-I
(KM)
-30
-40
0047
0117
RUN 21
0147
4 SEP 77
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7.0 TO 12.0 OEG C IN
I
QED-
(GMT)
u 9.
( W)
10
N
1817
1917
1847
RUN 22
5 SEP 77
1947
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 1,0 DEG INCREMENTS
(GMT)
N
5
10
I
I
I
(KM)
15
1
-30,
-40
1.
2027
2057
RUN 22
2127
5 SEP 77
2157
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
rT = k,0 TO W 0 £G C I Ift1 0 orr , ,rar,urm
.
(GMT)
EL
I
-30
N
-40
2225
1
2255
RUN 22
2325
5 SEP 77
2355
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 8.0 TO 12.0 DEG C IN 1.0 OEG
INCREMENTS
...
K
5
I
I
r
_._
_..
10
(KM)
15
i
-30
0031
0101
RUN 23
0131
6 SEP 77
8AO TO 1 AM0 D
0201
(GMT)
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
C
1N+ 0 P
__
1
CE rr
7j
0
10
5
15
20
25
(KM*)
1944
2014
2044
(GMT)
I
I
.o
uU
LI
lj
e
r
1
u
q
1
r
181
1844
RUN 24
1914
8 SEP 77
ISOTHERMS VS TIME/DISTANCE
T = 7 0 TO 12.0 OEG C IN 1.0 DEG INCREMENTS