Spectrum Management Tools and Techniques 2020 -Trial
for an outlook to the next decade
Cédric Gonzalez
LS telcom SAS, France
ITU-D Regional Development Forum for the Africa Region on
Modern Spectrum Management and transition from Analogue to
Digital Broadcasting - Trends and Technologies
Banjul, 14 – 16 July 2010
Agenda
Challenges Ahead
Possible Cure's
Flexible Licensing:
Need for Smart Monitoring Systems
Exempt, Temporary and Micro Cell Licensing:
Need for Self Managing Devices & Band Databases
Improved Spectrum Management Systems
Summary
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Challenges Ahead
Rising Spectrum Demand
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Challenges (1/4)
Modified user demands and habits…
Open Broadband access everywhere, Fixed, Nomadic and Mobile
High Definition TV
Still rising mobile communication demand
Event Communication increases rapidly
New Services coming up
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Challenges (2/4)
Other requirements …
Non Civilian Usage increases:
- Remote control of robots and vehicles
- Video surveillance
- Tactical Communication
Health issues
Carbon Balance
We need smart methods to manage and use our Spectrum more efficiently !
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Challenges (3/4)
Spectrum Consumption per Service
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Challenges (4/4)
Where is Spectrum consumed?
Band usage in UK. Source: Ofcom
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Possible Cure: Flexible Licensing
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Flexible Licensing (1/3)
Technology and Service Neutral Licenses
Frequencies and whole Spectrum shall be granted for arbitrary
technology as long as band masks are obeyed
Method to overcome technology blocking of granted licenses
Problem is to keep the definitions general
- Encouraging change of technology
- Avoiding interference in adjacent bands and regions
Better Analysis and Measurement coverage may be required
Inter-Service Co-Ordination may be complex
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Flexible Licensing (2/3)
Technology Neutral Licenses: Band masks
Frequency Separation from the Center Frequency in Percent of Carrier Width
0
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
Attenuation in dBc
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Flexible Licensing (3/3)
Spectrum trading and secondary usage
Re-Sale of granted frequency space will be widely in place
Allowing Re-Use of assigned Spectrum when business models do not
pay out or demand is gone
Very different models in place and under discussion
- Simple trade of complete frequency or spectrum block
- Sub-Use of residual Spectrum (not for high availability services)
- Time Slot defined use
To ensure Quality of service, the monitoring needs to be improved !
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Needed Support: Smart Monitoring Devices
allowing
“Interactive Frequency Assignment”
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Smart Monitoring (1/3)
Distributed Spectrum Monitoring Systems
Small, IP based units with Omni, Directed or DF Antennas
Units are usually programmable, often based on an embedded Windows or
Linux System
Reduces the effort of mobile campaigns and is permanently available
Costs usually substantially lower than for standard equipment
Provides permanent sensing capabilities with a narrow mesh
Measurement Location
TX Location
Classic Scenario
Meshed Scenario
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Smart Monitoring (2/3)
Distributed Spectrum Monitoring Systems: Examples
Agilent N6841
Thales TRC 6200
CRFS RFeye
© 2010 LS telcom AG
R&S UMS120
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Smart Monitoring (3/3)
Time Difference on Arrival
Location without directive antennas
Very efficient in Cities
Needs at least 3-4 stations for successful location analysis
t1
t1+Delta t
Measurement Location
TX Location
Trigger
Delta t
Event
Trigger Time to
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Trigger
Event
Trigger Time to
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Possible Cure:
Exempt, Temporary and Micro Cell
Licensing
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Possible Cure: Microcell Licensing
Elimination of Neighbourhood Problems
1.00
Sharing Efficiency
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
PMP NLOS
0.75
Rs= 5 km
0.65
Digital PMR
Rs= 10 km
Rs= 20 km
0.60
Digital TV
Rs= 50 km
0.55
0.50
0.01
Cellular Mobile
Rs= 1 km
0.70
Analogue TV
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Size of License Area in 1000 km²
Micro cell structures are more spectrum efficient
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Possible Cure: Modified Band Packing
Filling in add on services in free time or free locations
One Service
One
Operator
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
G
A
A
A
A A
B
C D
F
A
A
A
Multiple
Operators
Multiple Services
A
A
B
E
C
H I
D
A
B
A
E
This method requires Self Managing Devices or a Real Time Manager !
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Needed Support: Self Managing Devices
allowing
“Fully Automated Frequency Assignment”
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Self Managing Devices (1/2)
Cognitive-Software Defined Radios (CR) according FCC:
Frequency Agility
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
Adaptive Modulation
Transmit Power Control (TPC)
Location Awareness
Device 2
Negotiated Use
Device 3
Frequency
Control Channel
Device 1
Device 5
Device 4
Device 6
Time
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Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Self Managing Devices (2/2)
Cognitive-Software Defined Radios (CR):
Defined distribution rules
Soft-regulator
Control channel
Defined Protocol
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Needed Support: Band Databases
allowing
“Real Time Frequency Assignment”
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Band Databases (1/2)
White-Space databases
Where are which frequencies and which services when in use
Is the frequency open for secondary usage
Is use negotiable?
At which costs and restrictions?
White-Space
in Time
Time
Amplitude
Local WhiteSpace
Frequency
Frequency
White-Space
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Band Databases (2/2)
White Space Database Set-Up for TVBD FCC
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Possible Cure:
Improved Spectrum Management Systems
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Improved SMS: WEB serviced tools
Service Oriented Architecture allows smarter interactions
Automated Processes can be realized much easier
Service
Analysis
WEB App.
DB App.
© 2010 LS telcom AG
General
EMC
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Improved SMS: Fully automated processes
Address Data
New Application Data Entry
External CRM
System
Status Data
Print Application Receipt
Departments
Technical Analysis
Licensee
Monitoring
Order
External Monitoring
System
Spectrum Monitoring
Measurment
Result
Business
Interference Analysis
Licensing Process
Process
National Coordination
NewCoordination
Application
International
Engine
Technical
Departments
Frequency Assignment
Wizards
Load Channel Arrangement
Licensing
Monitoring
Finance
ITU Notification
Technical Analysis Complete
Calculate Fee
Print Proposal
Invoice Data
External Finance
System
Paid
Issue License
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Improved SMS: WEB serviced networks
Networked systems improve speed and quality
ITU Calc.
Services
Regulator
Users
White
Space
database
Regulator
ITU
Monitoring
SMS
Databases
sensor
Regional
Monitoring
Military
Databases
Regulator
sensor
Cognitive
Radio
Monitoring
sensor
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Private
Calc.
Service
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
Regulator
Stakeholder
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Summary
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Summary
There will be significant changes in Policy and Technology
Licensing will face
Technology neutrality
Spectrum Trading
Secondary/White Space usage
Cognitive Radio is under way but will unfold its significance not
before the mid of the next decade due to price and availability
Monitoring will become a more important role in frequency
assignment
White Space Databases will speed up frequency assignment
Future SMS Software might look different:
More involved entities
Usage of Web services will better link the world
Interactive licensing will become a common mean
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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Thank You for your attention!
Any Questions?
© 2010 LS telcom AG
Spectrum Management in a changing environment
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