Advances in 1xEVDO and Wireless Broadband Access Networks Hamdi Breik Lucent Technologies, MEA hbreik@lucent.com Lucent Technologies – Proprietary - Use pursuant to company instruction Outline Wireless Standards Overview and Systems Evolution Technology Trends and Drivers What is Next for CDMA 1xEV-DO? BSR for 3G Flat IP-networks Lucent’s Vision on Converged Networks based on IMS Conclusion ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 2 1 Wireless Standards Overview and System Evolution ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 3 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary Cellular Standards Technology Evolutions 2G 1994 IS-95A 1998 1999 IS-95B IS-2000 (cdma2000 1x) Standards Completion Dates (or expected completion dates) shown in RED 1989 GSM 1997 Evolved 3G Initial 3G IS-2000 Rev A IS-2000 Rev C (1xEV-DV) 2000 2003 IS-856 Rev 0 (1xEV-DO) Future Evolution IS-2000 * Rev D (1xEV-DV) 2004 2005 2006 IS-856 Rev B (1xEV-DO) IS-856 Rev A (1xEV-DO) 2007 IS-856 Rev C (1xEV-DO) IS-1006 IS-1006-A (BCMCS) (EBCMCS) R’99 (UMTS) Rel’5 (HSDPA) 1999 2002 Rel’6 (E-DCH, MBMS) 2008+ Rel’7 (Enhanced HSDPA) Rel’8 HSPA+? LTE? 1998 Rel’97 Rel’98 (GPRS) (AMR) R’99 (EDGE) 2005 Rel 6 2006 2007 Rel’7 (GERAN Enhancements) Lucent to Technologies - Proprietary UMTS & CDMA Continue Evolve to Meet Operator Needs ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 4 2 Worldwide 3G Deployments Spread Spectrum is the Basis of all 3G Solutions CDMA2000 is the dominant platform for IMT-2000 : – Today, 149 operators have launched 146 CDMA2000 1X and 31 1xEV-DO commercial networks supporting >275 M subs (Mar 06) across Asia, the Americas and Europe. 29 additional CDMA2000 1X and 40 1xEV-DO networks are scheduled to be deployed in the next year, as of February 16, 2006 – More than 982 devices are available in the market with color displays, cameras and GPS capabilities, as of February 16, 2006. UMTS/WCDMA – 95 operators in 43 countries operate UMTS networks supporting >75 M subs (~20 M in Japan) – 22 Operators in 16 Countries are conducting HSDPA Trials (Oct 05) – The UMTS Forum web site lists: • 14 Manufacturers offering UMTS devices: – With over 150 Models from PC Card to Handsets • Commercial HSDPA handsets not expected before 2006 – PCMCIA or Data Only Devices expected 4Q05 ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary Sources: www.cdg.org, www.3gtoday.com www.umts-forum.org as of Feb, 2006 5 Wireless Technologies „Beyond 3G“: the mobility challenge mobility/ range Fixed Fixed Walk Walk Vehicle Vehicle High Highspeed speed Vehicular Vehicular Rural Rural „Beyond 3G“ 3GPP LTE 3GPP2 Rev.C IEEE 802.20 Vehicular Vehicular Urban Urban GSM Pedestrian Pedestrian GPRS EDGE Nomadic Nomadic Fixed FixedUrban Urban Indoor Indoor Personal PersonalArea Area DECT HSDPA, DOrB 802.16e WLAN 802.11 Bluetooth 0.1 ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 3G: UMTS, EVDOrA 1 10 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary user data rate 802.16a,d 100 Mbps 6 3 Technology Trends and Drivers ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 7 Wireless Broadband….Society needs Last mile solutions: – A tool for economic and social developments (WTDC, 1994) – Residential access: Anytime and Anywhere – Business Access: ability to conduct professional and personal business anytime and anywhere through Universal High Speed Mobile Data Access – to increase quality of life – Low cost and mass internet – Fast complement to/or replacement of copper network Increase productivity (corporations and government): – Optimization of resources and customer service Rural reach: – Increase teledensity in sub-urban and rural areas ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 8 4 Wireless Technology Innovations Research Drivers Today Related Innovations Radio Technology – Higher data performance, throughput/data rates – Lower latency OFDM OFDM MIMO MIMO++SDMA SDMA – Lower cost per MB System Architecture – Less complex architecture, flat like IP – Easy-to-deploy – Unified network elements BSR BSR distributed distributedRF RF more morecompact compactHW HW – Converged networks..IMS Services & Applications – VoIP over wireless – Multimedia broadcast/multicast miViewTV, miViewTV, Mobile MobileTV TV – Truely converged services, mobile-TV ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 9 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) New NewOFDM OFDM Technology Technology 3GPP Standards study item since Dec 2004, Feasibility Study to be completed mid 2006, Standardization as a Rel’8 or later feature LTE is a 3GPP initiative to develop a new RAN/air-interface to – Support high efficiency OFDMA carriers with scalable bandwidths of 1.25-20 MHz – Provide significantly improved peak and cell edge data throughputs: – Towards 100 Mb/s Downlink, 50 Mb/s Uplink, – 2-4 times better spectral efficiency over HSDPA/HSUPA (in bits/s/Hz/cell) – Support smaller frame durations in order to achieve reduced latencies less than 10 ms – Support for advanced antenna schemes (e.g. SDMA) and MIMO – Support for wide range of QoS and Mobility SAE is a 3GPP initiative to develop a new flat(ter) network architecture (…..2008) – Simpler system (than UMTS), purely packet-oriented – Reduced number/type of nodes for lower transport delay….BSR is a major step towards flat IP – Scalability to support the high data rates required for LTE Goal of 3GPP LTE/SAE is to Define a New RAN/Air-Interface to Better Deliver Broadband and Real Time Packet Switched Services over a New Flat(ter) Network Architecture ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 10 5 3GPP2: DO Rev.C Update Proposal recently introduced to 3GPP2 jointly by Lucent, Nortel, Samsung (LNS) Hybrid OFDMA and CDMA Wideband (up to 20 MHz) Radio Interface – Strictly Backwards Compatible Mode Hybrid OFDM / WCDMA – Loosely Backwards Compatible Mode Technology • New 1.25-20 MHz OFDMA/CDMA carriers (can do a mix of broadband and multi-carrier) • Based on 1.25 MHz multi-carrier • Provides full backwards compatibility with Rev. 0/A/B • TDD, FDD and Flex FDD duplexing Multi-Antenna Technology Support – Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) provides near doubling of spectral efficiency with 4-branch Tx/Rx – Spatial Multiplexing MIMO on the FL for hot spots/indoor deployment provides peak rate improvement proportional to the number of Tx/Rx antennas. Inter-cell co-ordination for further improvements in cell-edge user performance Standardized technology-agnostic Flat IP architecture (Pre-standardization support from Lucent) Target Standards Completion March 2007 Rev. C Integrates the Best Technical Innovations from OFDMA & CDMA to Data Services Enable Real-time ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June Mass-Market 2006 Lucent Technologies Broadband - Proprietary 11 Comparative Spectral Efficiency (here: Mobility Channel, Downlink ) preliminary simulation results Spectral Efficiency (b/s/Hz) 2.5 2.0 MIMO 4x4 1x2, 1x4 = Mobile Receive Diversity 1.5 1x4 1.0 Rev.A 0.5 1x2 1x2 HSDPA Rev.0 UMTS 1xEV-DO 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2 0.0 802.16e (Reuse 1/1) 802.16e (Reuse 1/3) 802.16e (Reuse 3/9) Evolved OFDM (802.20, LTE,DOrC) DL Spectral Efficiencies Possible with HSDPA, DO and 802.16e, 12 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary are All Similar – Will increase with evolved OFDM ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 6 Wireless Systems Latency Comparison Low latency will enable wireless systems carry delay-sensitive Applications such as voice, interactive gaming, TV video… ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 IEEE 802.16 Standards Update • Original fixed wireless broadband air Interface for 10 – 66 GHz • Line-of-sight only, Point-to-Multi-Point applications 802.16a (Jan 2003) • Extension for 2-11 GHz • Targeted for non line of sight, Point-to-MultiPoint applications like “last mile” broadband access 802.16REVd (802.16-2004) (Q3 2004) • 802.16 Revision PAR for 802.16 & 802.16a to add WiMAX System Profiles and Errata for 2-11 GHz in support of 802.16e requirements 802.16e • Amendment for Mobile wireless broadband up to vehicular speeds in licensed bands < 6 GHz • MAC/PHY Enhancements to support subscribers moving at vehicular speeds (802.16-2005) (Q4 2005) ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Existing Existing OFDM OFDM Technology Technology 802.16 (Dec 2001) 802.16c (2002) 802.16 Amendment WiMAX System Profiles 10 - 66 GHz 13 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 14 7 High Speed Wireless Data Scenario 802.11 Networks + High Bandwidth (<11Mbps) + Good In building Coverage - No Mobility/Limited Range - Hot Spot/Enterprise/Campus - Unlicensed Spectrum - Expensive to Backhaul + Access Device Built into Endpoint 2 Mbps Peak Data Rates 11 Mbps 802.16 Networks + High Bandwidth (<70Mbps) + Good In building Coverage - No Mobility + Last Mile Access - Unlicensed Spectrum - Limited Access Devices HSDPA / UMTS 802.11 802.11 153k 802.16 Mobile Professionals 3G Public Networks - Moderate Bandwidth (<2Mbps) + Ubiquitous Outdoor Coverage - Poor In Building Coverage + Global Networks + Integrates With Existing Network + UMTS / CDMA2000 + Roaming Agreements + Bundled with Voice + Unified Billing CDMA2000 1xEV-DO CDMA2000 1X Fixed Last Mile Hot Spot 300 ft Nationwide Global Coverage Enterprise/Hot Spots ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Urban Network City Center Enterprise / Campus True Portability Mobility & Wide Area Coverage Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 15 HSDe Integrates Complementary Services for Ubiquitous Secure, Coverage Enterprise Enterprise 802.11b 802.11b Public Public 802.11b 802.11b 1xEV-DO With 1xEV 1xEV-DO With 802.11b 802.11b Hotspot CDMA2000 CDMA2000 1x 1x Hotspot Voice Voice & & PD PD 802.11 BTS & Server 802.11b 802.11b Hotspot Hotspot CDMA2000 CDMA2000 1x 1x Voice Voice & & PD PD Mobile IP Client ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 IPSec Lucent Client Technologies HSDe - Proprietary 16 8 Can WiMAX Supplant 3G? + ! "" #! ! "" #! $ % % & ! '! " !() (! $ % % & ! '! " !() (! 0 *" " + , )./ *" " + , )./ ' ! - .- ! "0 ' ! - .- ! "0 ! 1 )./ $ ! 1 )./ 0 $ ) !" !" !" !" 2 % ! ! " " / - ! / - ! % " ' ") ) % " ' ") & ! ) !! !" ! ") 0 ) & ! ) !! !" ! ") 0 ) % + 2 '! " !() (! "(00 !" % " '! " !() (! "(00 !" % " " ! ) 0! !" " ! ) 0! !" 3 ( ! " 3 ( ! " 4 56 0" 0" 4 56 0" 0" $(00 ! " ) $(00 ! " ) 7 -! (.-0( " -! (.-0( " 00 ) 00 ) % 0 / 7 % 0 / % % 0 0 . . 8 $, 92 8 $, 92 Source: Pyramid Research ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 17 Summary: Evolution of Wireless Technologies Initial 3G systems (EDGE, R’99 UMTS, 3G1x) focused on voice, yielding modest data performance benefits Evolved 3G or 3G+ systems (HSDPA/E-DCH, 1xEV-DO/DV) provided significant data performance benefits HSDPA, 1xEV-DO and 802.16 downlink have similar spectral efficiency performance For MIMO systems: – SM/BLAST offers the best peak data rates, – SDMA offers the best spectral efficiency. We see Strong potential of OFDM influencing where WiMAX goes Time-to-market advantage of 3G will make WiFi / WiMAX complementary for coverage complement / backhaul applications the potential of mobile WiMAX hinges on the success of existing 3G technologies We anticipate Mobile broadband Access will be cellular based ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 18 9 What is Next for CDMA 1xEV-DO? ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 19 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary Key Performance Data of 1xEV-DO Rev. A Increased Peak data rates • 3.1 Mbps (2.4 Mps with Rev 0) FL Peak • 600 – 1 Mbps Individual User Experience DL • 630 – 1.05 Mbps AAT depending on Mobility per sector • 1.8 Mbps (~153 kbps with Rev 0) RL Peak data rate • 80 – 500 kbps Individual User Experience UL • ~ 400kbps AAT (~240 kb/s with Rev 0) per sector Increased RL capacity (3GPP2 methodology) • Utilize HARQ to increase RL capacity • Improved Latency • ~118 ms (~200+ ms Mobile to Mobile) ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 20 10 1xEV-DO Rev A Benefits Improved support for realtime packet applications, including VoIP, Gaming, Push-to-Speak Improved Forward Link – Larger payloads drive data rates to 3.1Mbps – Improved MAC – Packet Division Multiplexing improves performance in good channel conditions – New Channel enabling Increased Forward Throughput Improved Reverse Link Can leverage advanced all-IP architectures to further improve performance and deployment flexibility – Up to 1.8 Mbps data rate – Throughput and latency gains with hybrid ARQ – Improved MAC Layers on RL QoS – Inter-User – Priority by User – Intra-User – Priority by Application – Requirements for VoIP/PTT applications Enhanced capabilities to enable service flexibility and new revenue generating features Broadcast/ Multicast (BC-MCS) – Multimedia content to multiple users – Higher Data Rates than Rev 0 ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 21 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary Network Upgrades for 1xEV-DO Rev. A New Mobiles – New Device (with MSM6800) Base Station – New EVM (with CSM6800) Novatel 720 Sierra 595 Levono Thinkpad – New software release Radio Network Controller – New software release • Can reuse R1SR-based RNC PDSN – New software release • Can reuse existing PDSN ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 22 11 1xEV-DO Rev A Architecture DO RNC L2 Switch (PCF) Applications Content Services Voice Video Data ENTERPRISE SMSC HLR AAA PCF 1X Access Network Wireless Network Lucent Technologies - Proprietary DHCP DNS ATM SHO 1X RNC cPSB PDSN RNC--AP 1X RNC 1 /E T1 IP Network ECP DCS ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 GigE Firewall & VPN Gateway OMP FX/ OMC--RAN OMC DS3 OA&M Network Watchmark Aggregation Router Channelized RCS AP & OA&M Proxy 1X&DO BTS T 1/ E1 T1/E1 Mux EV-DO Access Network IP Network Upgrade New 23 What is Next for EV-DO? EV-DO Rev B and Interference Cancellation techniques • EV-DO Rev B Designed for wider frequency blocks (up to 20 MHz)* Aggregates up to fifteen 1.25 MHz carriers (2x, …, 15x) Peak rates increase linearly with bandwidth o For 3xEV-DO Peak Rates: FL = 9.3 Mbps, RL = 5.4 Mbps o15xEV-DO Peak Rates: FL = 46.5 Mbps, RL = 27 Mbps Operates in Other Freq Bands (2 – 3.5 GHz) Higher peak rates (73.5 Mbps in 20 MHz) Higher spectral efficiency • Advanced Interference Cancellation techniques increase RL spectral efficiency * Note: Concept can be applied to bandwidths wider than 20 MHz as well ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 24 12 BSR for 3G Flat IP-networks ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 25 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary The BSR Idea PSTN Gateways Internet MSC PSTN GGSN Controllers Internet BSR PSTN Gateway Internet Aggregation More Controllers BTS 802.11 3GPP • • • • High performance, high cost 3G dedicated mobility, RRM distributed across several network boxes Closed architecture with slow innovation through standards Can limit innovation as the world moves more quickly 802.16 DSLAM AP IEEE/IETF BSR BSR BSR Unlicensed spectrum has lower performance, lower cost Control localized at access point Open architecture with fast technology shifts towards new applications The BSR combines the best of both worlds! Low-latency micro mobility Pico through macro deployments High-speed data oriented Future proof Unified RRM Brings in the access points concept, but uses UMTS Lucent’s BSR Solution Simplifies System Architecture Technologies - Proprietary for Today’s andLucent Future Wireless Technologies ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 26 13 Base Station Router Concept: Collapse the 3G Network to one single access node Existing Existing Hierarchical Hierarchical Network Network ATM IP 3GRNC HSDPA/UMTS OneBTS ATM IP circuit voice SGSN packet data HSDPA/UMTS OneBTS Base Base Station Station Routers Routers PSTN BSR MSC BSR GGSN IP BSR • • • • • • • BSR combines traditional network elements NodeB, RNC, SGSN and GGSN End-to-End QoS support Enhanced VoIP support (header compression, etc.) Reduced latency Improved mobility management for data applications (shared packet data channels) Improved scheduling Interworking at IP level, simple Internet The BSR The BSR lowers CAPEX/OPEX and lowers CAPEX/OPEX and reduces latency reduces latency by combining by combining network elements: BTS network elements: BTS RNC, SGSN and GGSN RNC, SGSN and GGSN The BSR The BSR will initially be developed will initially be developed for UMTS/HSDPA, for UMTS/HSDPA, but can be developed but can be developed for other technologies for other technologies Lucent’s BSR Solution Collapses the 3G Network Technologies (NodeB, RNC, SGSN,Lucent GGSN) to- Proprietary One Single Access Node ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 27 BSR dramatically improves Scalability Traditional UMTS VS Alternative UMTS (BSR) BTS Impact RNC ATM Internet ATM IP Intranet GGSN IP New BTS Gateway BSR Internet IMS New BSR SGSN Adding a new BTS requires RNC configuration changes and potentially a new RNC. This would lead to SGSN configuration changes/upgrade ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Impact Adding a new BSRs has limited impact to other nodes due to removal of network hierarchy Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 28 14 BSR: BSR Configuration Micro BSR: – Limited scale hot-spot deployment, e.g. business parks, shopping malls, airports – Low cost wide area coverage (city centres) – Support either interal or external antenna – Indoor /Outdoor…Pole or Wall mounted – Dimensions: (550x 580 x 223 mm) (H, W, D) – Total volume: Approx. 70 litters – Weight: Approx <37 kg Pico BSR: – For enterprise and Residential – Integrated antenna – HSDPA support, EUDCH upgradeable; HW can support EV/DO Rev.A for CDMA – Support IPv4 and IPv6, VDSL and Ethernet interfaces – Dimensions: 332mm x 214mm x 91mm – Total volume: Approx. 6.5 L – Weight: Approx. 4Kg ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 29 Lucent Flat-IP Mobile Architecture Solution Key Value Proposition Lower cost wireless network – leverages fewer wireless-specific elements (CapEx reduction). • reduce CapEx spend by approximately 30% compared to a traditional UMTS network – consolidates many functions into BSR (BTS, RNC, SGSN & GGSN) – Investment protection through increasing use of IP protocols and technologies that makes it future proof for IMS network Higher capacity wireless network – high capacity backhaul – Leverages low cost of ethernet switching – air interface performance enhancements (UMTS/HSDPA & HSUPA) Architecture simplicity and operations savings – consistent architecture for macro/micro/WiMax/WiFi access – fewer wireless-specific elements & interfaces to deploy, manage Converged services enabling – limits extent of wireless specific infrastructure to access – promotes consistency of multiple wireless & wireline access types, and convergence via access-agnostic IMS services Lucent’s innovative flat BSR-based Access Architecture has the potential to host today’s and future heterogeneous, converged wireline/wireless solutions, including simplified support for multimedia multicast solutions ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 30 15 Lucent’s Vision on Converged Networks based on IMS ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 31 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary Fixed Mobile Converged Network Multi-Access-Independent, Services-Enabled Network Mobile Access 2G (GSM/EDGE) Wired Access (xDSL) Application Servers Wired Access (Cable) Mobile Access 3G (UMTS/HSPA/MBMS) IMS Call Session Control Mobile Access UMTS/LTE Wired Access (xPON) WLAN 802.11 MBWA 802.20 WiMAX 802.16 Existing Access Technologies Technologies in Evolution Fixed Mobile Converged Network Based on Lucent Technologies - Proprietary IMS Service-Enabling Core and Multi-Standards Access ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 32 16 Future Converged Access Solution: Overview Network Operator Central Office UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA & CDMA Wireless Access MRFP MRFC BGCF MGCF IMS CSCF HA MSC Server Outdoor BSR Wireless Access In-Building BSR Wireless Access (Enterprise/Hotspots) xDSL /Eth /xPON Lucent MAP xDSL Ether xPON E-BSR HSS TDM/ATM Transport PSTN Access MGW IP/MPLS/ Ethernet/ Optical Multiservices Core Internet Transport Access Lucent Ethernet/ Optical MAP Access xDSL/ Eth/ xPON O-BSR BSG xPON xDSL H-BSR WiFi AP BSR Home Wireless Access/ Inbuilding WiFiWireless Broadband xPON ITU Residential – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary Gateway Access (Enterprise) Access Broadband xDSL Access Broadband WiMax 33 Access IMS: Next Generation Network Model Industry Standard Services Architecture What What is is the the IP IP Multi-media Multi-media Subsystem Subsystem (IMS)? (IMS)? Web Portal Converged Applications Layer Application Servers Application Servers Application Servers Industry Industry Standard Standard –– 3G 3G Partnership Partnership Project(s) Project(s) Standard Standard Interfaces Interfaces Session Control Session Control and Centralized DB Layer –– Within Within and and Between Between Layers Layers Centralized Databases Session Session Control Control Media Control & Gateways Media Control & Media Gateway Layer 802.Xx Access Broadband Residential Access Circuit Mobile Enterprise Access –– Access Access to to any any applications applications from from any any access access network network // device for any media device for any media type type Centralized Centralized Database Database PSTN 2G/3G Mobile Network IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) is the blueprint for delivering Value over IP™ ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 –– Single Single User User sign-on sign-on and and shared shared profile profile for for all all applications applications Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 34 17 Conclusion Driving Wireless Innovations: – still more demand for wireless date rate and bandwidth – flat IP-based system architecture – enabling truely converged services, such as multimedia/multicast or mobile-TV Wireless Standards will evolve in parallel and slowly converge in technology – 3GPP (UMTS, HSPA+, LTE) – 3GPP2 (EV-DO Rev.C) – IEEE (802.16/WiMAX , 802.20) ITU – BDT, Algiers, 20 June 2006 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary 35 Thank You 18