ITU Regional Seminar on Broadband Wireless Access for Rural and Remote Areas for ASP Region
Shenzhen Wuzhou Guest House, Shenzhen, P.R.China, September 1-2, 2005
Standardization and Current Status of
BWA Technologies in Japan
Kiyoshi Hamaguchi
Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Center
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Incorporated Administrative Agency
3-4, Hikarino-Oka, Yokosuka 239-0847, Japan
hamaguti@nict.go.jp
Abstract
• Since 5 GHz (WRC-03) band have been decided to open in the end of
2004, broadband wireless access (BWA) services using the bands having
several 10 Mbps transmission data rate are being expected in Japan. Up
to now, some Japanese telecommunication carrier companies are testing
a potential for use of IEEE802.16-based devices.
• Optical fiber links are currently considered as the backbone link of the
BWA. For fiber-exempt areas, “wireless” backbone links are also expected
because of inexpensiveness and easiness of establishment, which can
also be a complementary way to the wired links for broadband access in
telecommunications.
• In my talk, firstly, Japanese trend of broadband wireless users and
standardization status of wireless access systems (WASs) are briefly
introduced. Next, I would like to introduce an experimental fixed BWA
system, which is able to handle up to 1 Gbps data rate using 32/37/18
GHz radio frequency bands, to examine the possibility of use as a
backbone link as well as an access link using millimeter-waves.
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A little bit about …
• A national institute belonging to Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC)
• 478 employee, 546 Million USD budget (FY2004)
• R&D of information and telecommunication technologies, from basic research to
practical applications, under collaboration with industry/academia/government
• Provide support to MIC in terms of technology
• Provide support to R&D conducted by universities/private sectors/IT ventures etc.
• Supply Japan standard time and frequency
• NICT is a sector member of ITU
Information and Network Systems Division
Wireless Communications Division
Security
Integration of Terrestrial & Satellite Comm. Networks
Next Generation Network, Security, Human Interface
Applied Research and Standards Division
Basic and Advanced Research Division
Remote-Sensing
Solar-terrestrial
Environment
Standard Time
& Frequency
Photonics, Bio-Science, & Nano-Technology
Facilities of NICT
Wakkanai Radio
Observatory
Asia Research Center
Thai Computational Linguistics
Laboratory and Singapore Wireless
Communications Laboratory
Keihanna Human
Info-Comm.
Research Center　Hagane-Yama
JJY LF station
Hiraiso Solar
Observatory Center
OotakadoyaYama
JJY LF station
Kansai Advanced
Research Center
Yamagawa Radio
Observatory
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1
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２
3 ●
2
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Yokosuka Radio
Communications
Research Center
Radio Observatory at
University of Alaska
Kashima Space
Research Center
Inubo Radio
Observatory
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Okinawa Subtropical
Environmental
Remote-Sensing Center
Headquarters,
Koganei in Tokyo
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Topics
- Trend of broadband wireless users in Japan
- Frequency-allocation for wireless access system
(WAS) and W-LAN
- 1-Gbps fixed BWA system technology using 32
GHz band conducted by NICT
Trend of Broadband Wireless Users and
Current Frequency-Allocation for WAS in Japan
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What is BWA?
For current telecommunications…
Cellular phone
-W-CDMA(FOMA)…384 kbps
Wireless LAN
-CDMA2000 1x EV-DO…2.4 Mbps
IEEE802.11a/g… 54 Mbps
(HSDPA(High-Speed Downlink
Packet Access)…14.4 Mbps)
High mobility, long-range (~km),
but low-data rate
High-data rate, fixed/nomadic mobility,
but short-range (~100m)
BWA
-Alternative wireless technology of DSL
and cable, connecting user’s premise to
core network
-Longer radio-link (100m~), compared
with W-LAN
Example (Rec. ITU-R P.1420-2):
- Local multipoint distribution system (LMDS),
- Local multipoint communication system,
- Point-multipoint (P-MP) system,
and systems based on IEEE802.16
BWA is often called as Wireless
Access System (WAS) in Japan
Trend of Broadband Users in Japan
Percentage of users
(%)
100
75
62.0
55.4
47.8
50
33.5
30.2
22.1
25
20.4
18.4
6.8
0
Broadband
ISDN
(DSL, Cable, FWA,
(64k/1.5Mbps)
3G mobile, etc.)
Yr 2000
Yr 2003
Dial-up
Yr 2004
･2005 WHITE PAPER Information and Communications in Japan, MIC, 2005.
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Trend of Wireless Broadband Users in Japan
Number of subscribers
(Million)
20
18.66 0.16%
14.95
16
12
9.43 0.32%
8
1863
1492
3.87 0.2%
940
4
0
0.2%
0.22 0% 0.86 0.1% 386
1999
2000
2002
2001
Wired (DSL, Cable, FTTH etc.)
2003
2004 (Fiscal Year)
Wireless (FWA, 3G mobile, etc.)
･2005 WHITE PAPER Information and Communications in Japan, MIC, 2005.
Estimated Bandwidth Demand
for W-LAN/Nomadic WAS in Japan
IEEE802.11g/a:
2.4/5 GHz bands
~2004
After 5 years
After 10 years
Use of 5 GHz
(WRC-03) bands
161 MHz
Use of semi-millimeterwave (25/27 GHz) band
~480 MHz
~740 MHz
There is a demand for “wireless” broadband connection !
･Frequency re-allocation policy, MIC, Oct. 2003.
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Current Available Frequency for WAS
Frequency band
2.4 GHz
4.9-5 GHz
Concept for use
Data rate
License
Popular?
- W-LAN in office
- Wireless internet access
- Home wireless network
54 Mbps
Unnecessary
Yes
Wireless internet access
54 Mbps
BS: necessary
MT: unnecessary1)
Currently, No
- W-LAN in office
54 Mbps
Unnecessary
5.3 GHz (Indoor) - Wireless internet access
54 Mbps
Unnecessary
Currently, No
18 GHz
Wireless access for public use
156 Mbps
Necessary
Yes, for public
organization
22/26/38 GHz
Fixed wireless subscriber line
- 10 Mbps (P-MP)
- 156 Mbps (P-P)
Necessary
5.2 GHz (Indoor) - Wireless internet access
- Home wireless network
- W-LAN in office
- Home wireless network
25/27 GHz
-Wireless internet access
-Relay link to access point
-W-LAN in office
-Home wireless network
Yes
- 100 Mbps
- 400 Mbps (Short- Unnecessary
range)
No
No
1) Except for mobile terminal having more than 10mW transmission power.
5 GHz WAS
- WAS is defined as a system which can connect end-user radio
premise to public or private core network
- To satisfy next 5 years bandwidth demand for W-LAN/nomadic
wireless access, MIC of Japan has decided to open 5 GHz band
(5.4-5.7 GHz) to WAS on November, 2004 (regulation amended
on May, 2005)
- Best-effort wireless-internet-access is expected as popular
application
- Combination with 2.4 GHz IEEE802.11 is being considered
- Mbps ~ several 10 Mbps data rate
- Require coexistence technologies when existing overlapped
systems, e.g., weather radar and Earth-Exploration Satellite
Service (EESS) systems
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Japanese Frequency Allocation
for 5 GHz WAS
Frequency band
4.9-5.0 GHz
5.03-5.091 GHz
5.15-5.25 GHz
5.25-5.35 GHz
5.47-5.725 GHz
WAS including W-LAN
Usage
Place
Indoor/Outdoor
License
Necessary
Transmission power
Antenna gain
Max. E.I.R.P.
Channel spacing
DFS, TPC 2)
Indoor only
1)
250 mW
Exempt
10 mW/MHz (OFDM, DS) / 10 mW (otherwise)
13 dBi
5W
20, 10, 5 MHz
Unnecessary
Indoor/Outdoor
N/A
1W and 50mW/MHz
10 mW/MHz
20 MHz
Necessary for Base station only
1) Except for mobile terminal having 10mW or less transmission power.
2) DFS: Dynamic frequency control system (to change frequency when radar signal is detected), TPC: Transmission power
control.
Experimental IEEE802.16-Based Systems
- YOZAN Inc.
・Experiment started from June 2005 at 5.7 GHz,
IEEE802.16-2004 system
・Service-in on December 2005 at 4.9 GHz
・IEEE802.16e will be available in 2007
- KDDI Corp.
・Experiment started from June 2005 with　IEEE802.16e system
- eAccess Ltd.
・Under planning
･http://www.yozan.co.jp/e-html/ir/pdf/050624e.pdf
･http://www.kddi.com/corporate/news_release/2005/0629a/index.html (in Japanese)
･http://www.eaccess.net/cgi-bin/e_press.cgi?id=253
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Service Image using IEEE802.16
5 GHz
IEEE802.11
access point
2.4 GHz
Optical
fiber
✓ Best-effort internet-access
✓ Max. 75 Mbps data rate for IEEE802.16
✓ Combination of Wi-Fi/WiMAX and W-CDMA/CDMA2000 is
expected to satisfy user needs for high-speed and high
throughput
Experimental Fixed BWA System in NICT
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Experimental Fixed BWA System in NICT
- Optical fiber link is currently considered as backbone link of WAS
- For fiber-exempt areas, wireless backbone link is expected,
because "wireless" has easy-establishment advantage
- Even fiber-laid areas, wireless link can be a complementary way to
wired links
To examine the possibility of use as backbone and/or access
link, NICT is testing new fixed BWA (P-P, P-MP) system
✓ High-speed (up to 1 Gbps) wireless link
✓ Use of 32/37/18 GHz Millimeter- and submillimeter-waves
✓ Including multi-hop link, which can avoid decrease of radio
communication area due to shadowing and blocking by obstacles,
i.e., high buildings
✓ V-LAN routing for mesh topology
✓ Adaptive modulation for high-quality transmission
32GHz Giga BWA
32GHz帯ギガビットミリ波無線アクセスシステム
Fixed BWA Test-Bed
on Map
900m
横須賀市役所
横須賀プリンスホテル
12
70
m
860m
横須賀市中央図書館
自然・人文博物館
460m
18GHz Link
18GHz帯無線中継システム
6500m
Japan
Kanto-plains
NTT横須賀研究開発センタ
1000m
YRP５ 番館
m
300
YRP１番館
65
0m
Yokosuka-city
NTT衛星通信研究所
37GHz P-P BWA
38GHz帯600Mbps加入者系無線アクセスシステム
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Detail of the Test-Bed
Yokosuka urban area
Yokosuka City Hall
860 m
32 GHz Gigabit BWA System
Yokosuka City Museum
P-P Link
900 m
P-MP Link
500 m
1270 m
IDU
ODU
Portable #2
Yokosuka
Prince Hotel
Central
Library
18 GHz Wireless Relay Link
128QAM, 622 Mbps, 6550 m
ODU
Tsurukubo Primary School
Portable #1
Morisaki Primary School
IDU
ODU
128QAM
300 m
16QAM
1000 m
37 GHz 622 Mbps P-P
BWA System
NTT Yokosuka
R&D Center
P-P Link
64QAM
650 m
YRP No.5 Bld.
YRP Center No.1 Bld.
NTT Satellite Commun. Lab.
Rain gauge
YRP area
Main Specifications of 32GHz
BWA in Yokosuka Urban Area
P-to-P backbone link
Distance
RF frequency
Occupied bandwidth
Antenna of BS
860 ~ 1270 m
31.92-32.64 GHz (Down-stream)
33.22-33.40 GHz (Up-stream)
240 MHz/link (Down-stream)
60 MHz/link (Up-stream)
42 dBi Cassegrain
Antenna of CPE
Modulation
Maximum
transmission data rate
8 multi-carrier adaptive 4/16/64-QAM (D)
2 multi-carrier adaptive 4/16/64-QAM (U)
1.08 Gbps (Down-stream)
270 Mbps (Up-stream)
Duplex
FDD
Multiple access
-
Routing method
VLAN
Upper layer protocol
IPv4 and IPv6
P-to-MP access link
~ 500 m
32.74-33.22 GHz (Down-stream)
31.80-31.92 GHz (Up-stream)
60 MHz/link (Down-stream)
15 MHz/link (Up-stream)
15　dBi Planar microstrip,
90 degree sector
Parabolic
Single-carrier
daptive 4/16-QAM
160 Mbps (Down-stream)
40 Mbps (Up-stream)
TDM/TDMA
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Main Specifications of 37GHz BWA in YRP Area
Modulation Scheme
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
64QAM
128QAM
128QAM
Frequency
37.00 GHz (Down Stream)
36.25 GHz (Up Stream)
Data Rate
622 Mbps（
Mbps（STMSTM-4）
Number of radiated carriers
4
Transmitting Power
+10 dBm
+7 dBm
+5 dBm
Occupied Bandwidth
(Per 4 Carrier）
Carrier）
290 MHz
160 MHz
120 MHz
Duplex
FDD
Antenna Type
30 cmΦ
cmΦ Cassegrain
Antenna Gain
36 dBi
Main Specifications of 18GHz BWA
RF frequency
18.58-18.66 GHz (Up-stream)
19.59-19.67 GHz (Down-stream)
Occupied bandwidth
28 MHz/carrier
Antenna
38 dBi Parabolic
Modulation
4 multi-carrier 128QAM
Transmission data rate
622 Mbps (SDH STM-4)
Duplex
FDD
Upper layer protocol
IPv4 and IPv6
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Main Specifications of 32GHz Multi-hop Link
Portable Customer Premise Equipment (size: 392.5×140×275 mm)
21.6 ms
RF
frequency
31.81 GHz (D),
32.77 GHz (U)
Occupied
bandwidth
15 MHz
Antenna
27 dBi Slot-array
Modulation
Adaptive 4/16QAM
Transmission
data rate
<100 Mbps
Duplex
FDD
Interface
Ether
Frame
Multicast
Unicast
…
Slot
…
Total 45 slots
480 μs
Down link
Preamble
40
Up link
256
Preamble
40
256
Header
512
Header
512
Data
18176
40 Symbols
Data
4352
Guard
40
236
Symbols
Note: "U" and "D" indicates up-link and down-link, respectively.
Frame and slot structure on access link
Current Experimental Studies in NICT
- 32 GHz frequency band is a new frequency for BWA systems in
Japan. To analyze propagation characteristics and design the 32
GHz radio link, we have measured rain fall characteristics by using
rain gauges, in which obtained results were contributed to ITU-R
WP3M)
- Rain fall characteristics measurement has been done in Aoyama,
Tokyo and Yokosuka since April 2002, by using rain gauges and
32 GHz wireless links. To get precise characteristics,
measurement campaign is still continuing.
- To make gigabit BWA systems being popular to the marketplace,
one of the vital missions is to find killer applications. We have
started experimental study on applications-development on the
test-bed since April 2003.
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Conclusions
As standardization and current status of BWA technologies in
Japan, I have briefly introduced:
✓ Current status of broadband demand
✓ Frequency-allocation for WAS
✓ 1-Gbps fixed BWA system technology using 32 GHz band
conducted by NICT
Any questions, suggestions, advices etc.
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