ITU / BDT regional seminar
Network Planning for the CEE, CIS and Baltic
Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro,
20–
20– 24 June 2005
Network Layers,
Layers, Architectures and Technologies
Oscar González Soto
ITU Consultant Expert
Strategic Planning and Assessment
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 1
BDT workshop on Network Planning
Module 1: Introduction and References to the Region
Module 2
Role of Network Planning in the current Telecom scenario
Module 3
Integrated Planning Process
Module 4
Specific Network Planning per Layer
Module 5
Supporting Network Planning Needs and Tools
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 2
Content Chapter 2.4
Network Architectures and Technologies
• Modeling of the network by layers and segments for planning
purposes
• Technology alternatives for today´s
telecom networks
• Access and Core architectures and solutions
• NGN: What and how
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 3
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Network Modeling
• High complexity of the
whole Network requires a modeling and
splitting in subnetworks to facilitate analysis and design.
• By Layers in a vertical dimension following the client-server
relation (one layer is suppoorted in the layer below and provides
resources for the layer up). Physical, Transmission, Switching, etc.
• By Segments or splitting of the end to end communication into
subareas as customer premises, access, core national, core
international
• By Technologies or underlying technique as PDH, SDH, PSTN,
ATM, IP, GSM, etc.....
• Network Planning follows the same splitting or partitioning to
allow treatment of the problems and adaptation to associated
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 4
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Network Layer Modeling
IP
Voice Mail
SMP
SCP
Service and Control level
HLR/AuC TSC
UMS
e-applications
TEX
SSP
WLL/Mobile
Functional level
VOD
SSW
SSP
MSC
BSC
TVoDSL
IN
EIR
BTS
VoIP
SMS-C
Int’l
POP/LEX
GW
Fixed NB/BB
NGN network
DATA/IP
LL
Transport/SDH/WDM
Infrastructure and Cable level
June 2005
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 5
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Network Architectures
and migration
Technologies:
Smooth
Smooth
migration
to NGN
to NGN
Network Segment Modeling
IN
SSP
RSP
RCP
Internatinal
Core
PSTN Class 4
Core
DS
Data
Mux
PSTN Class 5
Multiservice
Node
Subscriber unit
Edge
Access
Customers
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 6
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Topologies
• Meshed (direct connection among nodes)
• Fully (for all network nodes)
• Partial (with limited connectivity)
• Ring
• Single, Multiple, Folded
• Star
• Tree
• Linear
• Combined
June 2005
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 7
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Access Network Architecture: Wireline
Typical Access Network structure: (clasical)
<40 km
mean value ~1,7 km
mean value ~300 m
(50 % <1,2km, 90 % <3,7 km)
(50 % <200 m, 90 % <500 m)
branching cables
main cable
June 2005
drop line
SDF
SDF
.
.
NTBA
ISDN
basic rate
FDF
Local
Exchange
SDF
MDF
FDF
SDF
SDF
FDF
.
.
MDF
Regional
Exchange
.
.
.
.
Main Distribution Frame
Feeder Distribution Frame
Subscriber Distribution Frame
SDF
drop line
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
.
.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 8
Access Network Architecture:
Wireline Evolution: FTTx
Typical Access Network evolution towards BB and Convergence
Local: ~ 40 km
Distribution: mean value ~1,7 km
Drop: mean value ~300 m
branching cables
.
DLC
SDF
drop line
.
.
.
FO
SDF
Optical
Interface
DLC
drop line
LEX/GW
LEX
GW
MDF
DLC
SDF
FO
SDF
.
.
NTBA
.
.
Local Exchange
Gateway
Main Distribution Frame
Digital Loop Carrier
Subscriber Distribution Frame
Fiber Optic
DLC
June 2005
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 9
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Access Network Architecture:
LMDS
Transport
PDH/SDH
ADM
Point-to-multipoint
STM1,
E1, T1,
10 Base T...
RT: Radio Termination
NT: Network Termination
TS: Terminal Station
June 2005
Other Networks
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
FR
PDH /
SDH /
ATM
Network
STM1,
E3, E1,
T1...
ACCESS
Border router
BAS
EDGE
Aggregation
BS traffic:
(ATM or SDH)
BS: Base Station
DBS: Digital Base Station
RBS: Radio Base Station
XBS: Exchange Base Station
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
XBS
CORE
POC: Point of Concentration
POP: Point of presence
POI: Point of Interconnection
BAS: Broadband Access Server
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 10
Access Network Architecture:
WIP
Point-to-multipoint
Transport
PDH/SDH
ADM
Mux
ACCESS
E3
Aggregation
BS traffic
(ATM or SDH)
EDGE
SU: Subscriber Unit
SU-RT: Subscriber Unit Outdoor Unit
SU-NI: Subscriber Unit Indoor Unit
June 2005
Other Networks
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
PDH /
SDH /
ATM
Network
10 BaseT
Z
10
BaseT
Border router
BAS
BS: Base Station
AU: Access Unit
AU-RE: Radio Front-end
MGW: Media Gateway
MGW
CORE
Note: The current Network
description shows the ATM approach
(BAS is needed). A fully IP scenario is
also feasible (BAS is not needed)
POC: Point of Concentration
POP: Point of presence
POI: Point of Interconnection
BAS: Broadband Access Server
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 11
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Access Network Architecture:
HFC
Analog/Digital
broadcasting
Coax Access
Network
TV
FN
Amplifiers &
Taps
PC
Controlled IP
Network
TV
Set Top
Box
TV
Head-end
Hub
Internet
CMTS
FIBER RING
(Redundant)
Cable
Modem
MTA
VoD
Gateway
IN
V5
E1 .2
Hub
Voice Circuit
Switch
PSTN
≈400 Homes /
Fiber Node
MTA: Multimedia Terminal Adapter
FN: Fiber Node
CMTS: Cable Modem Termination System
VoD: Video on Demand
IN: Intelligent Network
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 12
Access Network Architecture:
xDSL
TV
Set Top
Box
xDSL
Modem
PC
Copper
Local Loop
<≈ d km *
Internet
Controlled IP
Network
Splitter
MDF DSLAM
ATM
BAS
PSTN
* Bandwidth/distances per solution
ADSL: up to 8 Mbps/800 kbps d <= 3 km
ADSL plus: up to 8 Mbps/800 kbps d <= 4.5 km
SHDSL: up to 2.3 Mbps symmetric d <= 1.8 km
VDSL: up to 52 Mbps Assym/ 26 Mbps Sym d <= 300m
(In all cases, higher distances imply less bitrate following
bandwidth shape curve)
June 2005
IN
SS7
Voice Circuit
Switch
MDF: Main Distribution Frame
DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
IN: Intelligent Network
BAS: Broadband Access Server
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 13
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Access Network Architecture:
Multiservice DLC
Any
network
Regional Ring/Network
Internet
Residential dispersed
Central
Office
Business Area
ADM
PDH DLC
ISDN/4xE1/STM-1
STM-1/STM-4 Access Ring
POP
Nx2Mb/s
(optical
or HDSL)
SDH DLC
ISDN/4xE1/STM-1
SDH Hub
Business Park
STM-1
LL
PDH DLC
Residential
BAM
Business
Multitenant
Residential
DLC:Digital Loop Carrier
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 14
Access Network Architecture:
FTTU
Central Office or
Remote Terminal
Fiber
Distribution
Passive Outside
Plant
20 km
MS
P-OLT
Splitters
1490nm
1310nm
H-ONT
1550nm
V-OLT
FTTU:Fiber to the User
ONT: Optical Network Termination
OLT: Optical Line Termination
June 2005
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 15
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Technological alternatives at core
Scenario A
Circuit based
Managed
Dark
Fiber Lambda Bandwith
Scenario B
Packet based
Multiservice
ATM/FR/IP
ATM VPN, IP VPN
IP
IP
Internet
Gbit access
IP VPN
Ethernet
ptp
GigE,10/100BT
GigE,10/100BT
Ficon,Escon,
Ficon,Escon,
Fibre Ch..
ATM/FR
ATM/FR
LAN to LAN
connection
SDH
SDH
Optical
Optical switching
switching
DWDM
DWDM equipment
equipment
IP
IP Routing
Routing
Ethernet
Ethernet
GigE
Optical
Optical fiber
fiber
Physical
Physical Infrastructure
Infrastructure
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 16
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Sub-layer relations
VC-12
VC-4
STM-4
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 17
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Sub-layers composition
er N
La y
+1
er N
y
a
L
Initial sub-layer N relation
Composed sub- layer N+1 relation
Composed sub-layer N relation
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 18
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Introduction of WDM
Services Layer
Delivery of services to
end users
SDH/SONET Layer
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
DXC
ADM
High-speed protection
and restoration
Time division multiplexing
Time slot grooming
ADM
ADM
ADM
Optical Layer
OXC
WDM
M
WD
OADM
WDM
WDM fiber
WDM fiber
Wavelength division multiplexing
High-level protection
and restoration
Dynamic transport reconfiguration
OADM
er
fib
OADM
OADM for
linear links
OXC for mesh
networks
June 2005
OADM for ring
networks
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 19
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Transmission Network Architecture:
ADM Network Elements
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June 2005
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ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 20
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Trends in Transport Technology
TODAY
TOMORROW
Point-to-Point DWDM
for backbone capacity
Intelligent Optical Networks
for end-to-end service
Predetermined
Bandwidth Re-allocation
Fast and efficient
On-demand bandwidth
Network Design Specific to
Type of Service Provided
Multi-Service Optimized
Network (IP/ATM/TDM)
Protection Provided Mainly
by Sonet/SDH Layer
Optical Layer Protection
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
independent of service type
adaptable to class of service
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 21
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN concept
•A multi-service network able to support voice, data and video
•A network with a control plane (signaling, control) separated from
the transport/switching plane
•A network with open interfaces between transport, control and
applications
•A network using packet technology ( IP) to transport of all kind of
information
•A network with guaranteed QoS for different traffic types and SLAs
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 22
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN layers
Legacy Network
Signaling/Service
Network
Independent
Services
Legacy Network
Media
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 23
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Why
• Flexibility for service building and offering
• Expectation of cost reductions by sharing infrastructure and
systems
• Simplification of O&M, thus lowering OPEX.
• Use of open interfaces leads for:
- quick deployment of services and applications
- new services (third parties)
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 24
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Issues today
• Availability for all the functionalities within a public environment
and carrier-grade service still needing “some time”
• QoS guarantee for high priority flows currently in evolution and
standardization
• Security and Survivability being studied and needing explicit
solutions and more emphasis
• Implementation of CAC mechanisms and inter-domain
negotiations for end to end quality with some design differences
and in evolution
June 2005
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 25
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
Today: Overlay Networks for Basic PSTN &
Internet access
SCP
NMC
AAA
SS7
WWW
LEX/TEX
NAS
TDM
ATM/IP
LEX
BRAS
Voice
RSU
POTS
June 2005
Data
MUX/DSLAM
ISDN
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
HDSL/XDSL
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 26
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
First Step: Network consolidation & access
optimization
SCP
SCP
PCM
LEX/TEX
SS7
PCM
SS7
TDM
SDH
LEX
PCM_SDH
Multi-service
POTS
DATA
ISDN
•
Low capacity (2000 PCM)
•
TDM switching matrix
•
Overwhelming data traffic
•
•
•
•
•
June 2005
TDM
MM LEX
PCM
RSU
POTS
SDH
MM LEX/TEX
ADSL
Higher capacity (16.000 PCM)
ATM switching matrix (80 Gbit/s)
SDH-STM1 interfaces
Data and ADSL integrated in the
Multi-service access
OPEX & CAPEX optimization
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 27
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
Second Step: Smooth migration to NGN
Softswitch
Optical
NGCR
NGER
International
Core
AGW
Associated
TK GW
Multiservice
node
Core
MM
Subscriber unit
Edge
Access
Customers
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 28
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
Target : Converged networks
OSS
Services
Softswitch
Control
Distributed Switching
Transport/Media
Trunk
gateway
Access
gateway
Other
Networks
Packet
Network
Access
gateway
Access
gateway
DSL
Wireless
gateway
June 2005
DLC
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 29
Network Architectures and Technologies
NGN: Cost drivers and trends
•
Network physical infrastructure as a function of location and density
(costs proportion around 70% in the access segment)
•
Volume of customers per category
•
Bandwidth demand per origin/destination
•
Packet processing rates for control related functions
•
Variety of applications/services and related platforms
•
Content storage and location within the network
•
Leasing of physical or communication resources
Fundamental importance of economies of scale by volume and convergence
at network resources, service platforms and OSS
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 30
Network Architectures and Technologies
NGN: Cost drivers and trends
Cost trends for NGN
•
Cost reduction in CAPEX due to technological economy of scale by
larger capacities
•
Similar values for costs in the physical civil infrastructure
•
OPEX in NGN trends to be lower due to the integrated operation and
maintenance
•
Plan higher investments in security/survivability with diversity paths
and protection for large capacity systems
Check and validate correct cost modelling with fixed and variable
components as a function of economy of scale
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 31
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Recommendations today
• Ready to be applied in private multiservice data networks
• Ready for public data networks to integrate different “data
applications”
• Optional for “small” alternative operators and multi-service
environment
• Very careful planning (technical and economical) for operators
with significant existing infrastructure and operations
June 2005
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 3.4 - slide 32