ITU / BDT workshop
Warsaw, Poland,
6 – 10 October 2003
Network Planning
Lecture NP
NP-- 2.4
Network Layers, Architectures and Technologies
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 1
BDT workshop on Network Planning
Module 1: Introduction and Experiences in the Region
Module 2
Role of Network Planning in the current Telecom scenario
Module 3
Integrated Planning Process
Module 4
Specific Network Planning per Layer
Module 5
Supporting Network Planning Tools
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 2
Content Chapter 2.4
Network Architectures and Technologies
• Modeling of the network by layers and segments for planning
purposes
• Technology alternatives for today´s
telecom networks
• Access and Core architectures and solutions
• NGN: What and how
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 3
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Network Modeling
• High complexity of the
whole Network requires a modeling and
splitting in subnetworks to facilitate analysis and design.
• By Layers in a vertical dimension following the client-server
relation (one layer is suppoorted in the layer below and provides
resources for the layer up). Physical, Transmission, Switching, etc.
• By Segments or splitting of the end to end communication into
subareas as customer premises, access, core national, core
international
• By Technologies or underlying technique as PDH, SDH, PSTN,
ATM, IP, GSM, etc.....
• Network Planning follows the same splitting or partitioning to
allow treatment of the problems and adaptation to associated
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 4
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Network Layer Modeling
IP
SMP
Voice Mail
SMS-C
SCP
Service and Control level
IN
HLR/AuC TSC
EIR
BTS
SSP
TEX
MSC
SSP
Int’l
BSC
Functional level
POP/LEX
WLL/Mobile
POP/LEX
Fixed NB network
DATA/IP
network
LL network
Transport/SDH
Infrastructure and Cable level
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 5
Network Architectures
andmigration
Technologies:
Smooth
Smooth
migration
to NGN
to NGN
Network Segment Modeling
IN
SSP
RSP
RCP
Internatinal
Core
PSTN Class 4
Core
DS
Data
Mux
PSTN Class 5
Multiservice
Node
Subscriber unit
Edge
Access
Customers
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 6
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Topologies
• Meshed (direct connection among nodes)
• Fully (for all network nodes)
• Partial (with limited connectivity)
• Ring
• Single, Multiple, Folded
• Star
• Tree
• Linear
• Combined
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 7
Access Network Architecture: Wireline
Typical Access Network structure: (clasical)
<40 km
mean value ~1,7 km
mean value ~300 m
(50 % <1,2km, 90 % <3,7 km)
(50 % <200 m, 90 % <500 m)
branching cables
.
.
main cable
SDF
NTBA
Local
Exchange
Main Distribution Frame
Feeder Distribution Frame
Subscriber Distribution Frame
October 6 -10
.
.
ISDN
basic rate
FDF
SDF
MDF
FDF
SDF
drop line
SDF
FDF
.
.
MDF
Regional
Exchange
.
.
SDF
SDF
drop line
.
.
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 8
Access Network Architecture:
Wireline Evolution: FTTx
Typical Access Network evolution : FTTCabinet, FTTPremises, etc.
<40 km
mean value ~1,7 km
mean value ~300 m
(50 % <1,2km, 90 % <3,7 km)
(50 % <200 m, 90 % <500 m)
branching cables
.
DLC
main cable
MDF
DLC
SDF
SDF
drop line
.
.
.
.
.
Optical
Interface
Regional
Exchange
SDF
.
.
SDF
NTBA
ISDN
basic rate
DLC
Local
Exchange
DLC
Main Distribution Frame
Digital Loop Carrier
Subscriber Distribution Frame
drop line
.
.
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 9
Access Network Architecture:
LMDS
Transport
PDH/SDH
ADM
Point-to-multipoint
END
USER
STM1,
E1, T1,
10 Base T...
NT
TS
DBS
BS
ACCESS
RT: Radio Termination
NT: Network Termination
TS: Terminal Station
October 6 -10
POP
RBS
RT
Border router
BAS
POC
POI
PDH /
SDH /
ATM
Network
STM1,
E3, E1,
T1...
EDGE
V5.2
Aggregation
BS traffic:
(ATM or SDH)
BS: Base Station
DBS: Digital Base Station
RBS: Radio Base Station
XBS: Exchange Base Station
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
XBS
Other Networks
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
FR
CORE
POC: Point of Concentration
POP: Point of presence
POI: Point of Interconnection
BAS: Broadband Access Server
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 10
Access Network Architecture:
WIP
Point-to-multipoint
END
USER
Mux
AU-RE
SU-RT
SU
AU
POP
10
BaseT
Border router
BAS
POI
PDH /
SDH /
ATM
Network
10 BaseT
Z
SU-NI
Transport
PDH/SDH
ADM
POC
E3
SS7
Other Networks
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
BS
ACCESS
Aggregation
BS traffic
(ATM or SDH)
EDGE
SU: Subscriber Unit
SU-RT: Subscriber Unit Outdoor Unit
SU-NI: Subscriber Unit Indoor Unit
BS: Base Station
AU: Access Unit
AU-RE: Radio Front-end
MGW: Media Gateway
MGW
CORE
Note: The current Network
description shows the ATM approach
(BAS is needed). A fully IP scenario is
also feasible (BAS is not needed)
POC: Point of Concentration
POP: Point of presence
POI: Point of Interconnection
BAS: Broadband Access Server
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 11
Access Network Architecture:
HFC
Analog/Digital
broadcasting
Coax Access
Network
TV
Controlled IP
TV
Set Top
Box
FN
Internet
Network
TV
Head-end
Amplifiers &
Taps
PC
VoD
CMTS
FIBER RING
Cable
Modem
Gateway
IN
(Redundant)
Hub
V5
E1 .2
Voice Circuit
Switch
PSTN
Hub
MTA
≈400 Homes /
Fiber Node
MTA: Multimedia Terminal Adapter
FN: Fiber Node
CMTS: Cable Modem Termination System
VoD: Video on Demand
IN: Intelligent Network
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 12
Access Network Architecture:
xDSL
TV
Set Top
Box
PC
xDSL
Modem
Copper
Local Loop
<≈ d km *
Internet
Controlled IP
Network
Splitter
MDFDSLAM
ATM
BAS
PSTN
IN
SS7
Voice Circuit
Switch
* Bandwidth/distances per solution
MDF: Main Distribution Frame
DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
IN: Intelligent Network
BAS: Broadband Access Server
ADSL: up to 8 Mbps/800 kbps d <= 3 km
ADSL plus: up to 8 Mbps/800 kbps d <= 4.5 km
SHDSL: up to 2.3 Mbps symmetric d <= 1.8 km
VDSL: up to 52 Mbps Assym/ 26 Mbps Sym d <= 300m
(In all cases, higher distances imply less bitrate following
bandwidth shape curve)
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 13
Access Network Architecture:
Multiservice DLC
Any
network
Regional Ring/Network
Internet
Residential dispersed
Central
Office
Business Area
ADM
PDH DLC
ISDN/4xE1/STM-1
STM-1/STM-4 Access Ring
POP
Nx2Mb/s
(optical
or HDSL)
SDH DLC
ISDN/4xE1/STM-1
SDH Hub
Business Park
STM-1
LL
PDH DLC
Residential
BAM
Business
Multitenant
Residential
DLC:Digital Loop Carrier
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 14
Access Network Architecture:
FTTU
Central Office or
Fiber
Passive Outside
Remote Terminal
Distribution
Plant
20 km
MS
P-OLT
Splitters
622 Mb/s >>
1490nm
<< 155 Mb/s
1310nm
H-ONT
1550nm
V-OLT
FTTU:Fiber to the User
ONT: Optical Network Termination
OLT: Optical Line Termination
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 15
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Technological alternatives at core
Scenario A
Circuit based
Dark
Fiber
Managed
Lambda Bandwith
Scenario B
Packet based
Multiservice
ATM/FR/IP
ATM VPN, IP VPN
IP
IP
Internet
Gbit access
IP VPN
Ethernet
ptp
LAN to LAN
connection
GigE,10/100BT
GigE,10/100BT
Ficon,Escon,
Ficon,Escon,
ATM/FR
ATM/FR
Fibre Ch
Ch..
..
SDH
SDH
Optical
Optical switching
switching
IP
IP Routing
Routing
Ethernet
Ethernet
GigE
DWDM
DWDM equipment
equipment
Optical
Optical fiber
fiber
Physical
Physical Infrastructure
Infrastructure
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 16
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Sub-layer relations
VC-12
VC-4
STM-4
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 17
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Sub-layers composition
er N
Lay
1
r N+
e
y
a
L
Initial sub-layer N relation
Composed sub- layer N+1 relation
Composed sub-layer N relation
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 18
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Introduction of WDM
Services Layer
Delivery of services to
end users
SDH/SONET Layer
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
DXC
ADM
ADM
High-speed protection
and restoration
Time division multiplexing
Time slot grooming
ADM
ADM
Optical Layer
OXC
WDM
M
WD
OADM
WDM
WDM fiber
WDM fiber
Wavelength division multiplexing
High-level protection
and restoration
Dynamic transport reconfiguration
OADM
r
fibe
OADM
OADM for
linear links
OXC for mesh
networks
OADM for ring
networks
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 19
Customer network
Transmission Network Architecture:
ADM Network Elements
10/100 Ethernet
2 Mbps
STM-1
140 Mbps
34/45 Mbps
34/45 Mbps
140 Mbps
2 Mbps
ADM access
ADM metro
STM-1
STM-4
STM-1/4
10/100 Ethernet
SDH network
2 Mbps
10/100/1000 Ethernet
October 6 -10
STM-16
STM-1
34/45 Mbps
140 Mbps
STM-64
ADM metro
STM-4
STM-1o
STM-4
STM-16
ADM core
STM-64
STM-16
140/STM1e
Gb-Eth
10/100 Ethernet
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 20
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Trends in Transport Technology
TODAY
TOMORROW
Point-to-Point DWDM
for backbone capacity
Intelligent Optical Networks
for end-to-end service
Predetermined
Bandwidth Re-allocation
Fast and efficient
On-demand bandwidth
Network Design Specific to
Type of Service Provided
Multi-Service Optimized
Network (IP/ATM/TDM)
Protection Provided Mainly
by Sonet/SDH Layer
Optical Layer Protection
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
t
independent of service type
t
adaptable to class of service
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 21
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN concept
•A multi-service network able to support voice, data and video
•A network with a control plane (signaling, control) separated from
the transport/switching plane
•A network with open interfaces between transport, control and
applications
•A network using packet technology ( IP) to transport of all kind of
information
•A network with guaranteed QoS for different traffic types and SLAs
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 22
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN layers
Legacy Network
Signaling/Service
Network
Independent
Services
Legacy Network
Media
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 23
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Why
• Flexibility for service building and offering
• Expectation of cost reductions by sharing infrastructure and
systems
• Simplification of O&M, thus lowering OPEX.
• Use of open interfaces leads for:
- quick deployment of services and applications
- new services (third parties)
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 24
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Issues today
• Availability for all the functionalities within a public environment
and carrier-grade service still needing “some time”
• QoS guarantee for high priority flows subject to evolution and
standardization
• Security and Survivability being studied and needing explicit
solutions
• Processing capacity limitations when all functions and flows are
carried in large networks
• Implementation of CAC mechanisms and inter-domain
negotiations with design differences and in evolution
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 25
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
Today: Overlay Networks for Basic PSTN &
Internet access
SCP
NMC
AAA
WWW
SS7
LEX/TEX
ATM/IP
NAS
TDM
LEX
BRAS
Voice
RSU
POTS
October 6 -10
Data
MUX/DSLAM
ISDN
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
HDSL/XDSL
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 26
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
First Step: Network consolidation & access
optimization
SCP
SCP
PCM
SDH
LEX/TEX
MM LEX/TEX
SS7
SS7
PCM
TDM
SDH
LEX
PCM
RSU
POTS
PCM_SDH
Multi-service
POTS
DATA
ADSL
ISDN
•
Low capacity (2000 PCM)
•
TDM switching matrix
•
Overwhelming data traffic
•
•
•
•
Higher capacity (16.000 PCM)
ATM switching matrix (80 Gbit/s)
SDH-STM1 interfaces
Data and ADSL integrated in the
Multi-service access
OPEX & CAPEX optimization
•
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
TDM
MM LEX
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 27
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
Second Step: Smooth migration to NGN
Softswitch
RSP
RCP
Optical
Stand -alone
TK GW
PSTN Class 4
AGW
MSP
Class 5
Bypass
Class 4
bypass
Core
TK GW
MM
Edge
Data
Multiservice
Subscriber unit
Access
Customers
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 28
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
Target : Converged networks
OSS
Services
Softswitch
Control
Distributed Switching
Transport/Media
Trunk
gateway
Access
gateway
Other
Networks
Packet
Network
Access
gateway
Access
gateway
DSL
Wireless
gateway
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
October 6 -10
DLC
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 29
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Recommendations today
• Ready to be applied in private multiservice data networks
• Ready for public data networks to integrate different “data
applications”
• Optional for “small” alternative operators and multi-service
environment
• Very careful planning (technical and economical) for operators
with significant existing infrastructure and operations
October 6 -10
ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Architectures - O.G.S.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 30