ITU / BDT- COE workshop
Nairobi, Kenya,
7 – 11 October 2002
Network Planning
Lecture NP- 2.4
Network Architectures and Technologies
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 1
BDT - COE workshop on Network
Planning
Module 1: Introduction and Experiences in the Region
Module 2
Role of Network Planning in the current Telecom scenario
Module 3
Integrated Planning Process
Module 4
Specific Network Planning per Layer
Module 5
Supporting Network Planning Tools
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 2
Content Chapter 2.4
Network Architectures and Technologies
• Modeling of the network by layers and segments for planning
purposes
• Technology alternatives for today´s
telecom networks
• Access and Core architectures and solutions
• NGN: What and how
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 3
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Network Modeling
• High complexity of the
whole Network requires a modeling and
splitting in subnetworks to facilitate analysis and design.
• By Layers in a vertical dimension following the client-server
relation (one layer is suppoorted in the layer below and provides
resources for the layer up). Physical, Transmission, Switching, etc.
• By Segments or splitting of the end to end communication into
subareas as customer premises, access, core national, core
international
• By Technologies or underlying technique as PDH, SDH, PSTN,
ATM, IP, GSM, etc.....
• Network Planning follows the same splitting or partitioning to
allow treatment of the problems and adaptation to associated
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 4
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Network Layer Modeling
IP
SMP
SCP
Service and Control level
BTS
SMS-C
Voice Mail
IN
HLR/AuC TSC
EIR
SSP
MSC
SSP
BSC
Functional level
TEX
Int’l
POP/LEX
WLL/Mobile
POP/LEX
Fixed NB network
DATA/IP
network
LL network
Transport/SDH
Infrastructure and Cable level
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 5
Network Architectures
and migration
Technologies:
Smooth
Smooth
migration
to NGN
to NGN
Network Segment Modeling
IN
SSP
RSP
RCP
Internatinal
Core
PSTN Class 4
Core
DS
Data
Mux
PSTN Class 5
Multiservice
Node
Subscriber unit
Edge
Access
Customers
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 6
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Topologies
• Meshed (direct connection among nodes)
• Fully (for all network nodes)
• Partial (with limited connectivity)
• Ring
• Single, Multiple, Folded
• Star
• Tree
• Linear
• Combined
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 7
Access Network Architecture: Wireline
Typical Access Network structure
<40 km
mean value ~1,7 km
mean value ~300 m
(50 % <1,2km, 90 % <3,7 km)
(50 % <200 m, 90 % <500 m)
branching cables
.
.
main cable
.
.
Regional
Exchange
October 7th
SDF
SDF
.
.
NTBA
ISDN
basic rate
FDF
Local
Exchange
SDF
MDF
FDF
SDF
drop line
FDF
.
.
MDF
SDF
Main Distribution Frame
Feeder Distribution Frame
Subscriber Distribution Frame
SDF
drop line
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
.
.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 8
Access Network Architecture:
Wireline Evolution
Typical Access Network evolution
<40 km
mean value ~1,7 km
mean value ~300 m
(50 % <1,2km, 90 % <3,7 km)
(50 % <200 m, 90 % <500 m)
branching cables
.
.
main cable
Optical
Interface
Regional
Exchange
MDF
DLC
SDF
October 7th
SDF
SDF
drop line
.
.
.
DLC
.
.
.
SDF
NTBA
ISDN
basic rate
DLC
Local
Exchange
Main Distribution Frame
Digital Loop Carrier (LITESPAN)
Subscriber Distribution Frame
DLC
drop line
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
.
.
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 9
Access Network Architecture:
LMDS
Transport
PDH/SDH
ADM
Point-to-multipoint
END
USER
STM1,
E1, T1,
10 Base T...
NT
TS
ACCESS
RT: Radio Termination
NT: Network Termination
TS: Terminal Station
October 7th
POP
RBS
RT
DBS
BS
Border router
BAS
POC
POI
PDH /
SDH /
ATM
Network
STM1,
E3, E1,
T1...
EDGE
V5.2
Aggregation
BS traffic:
(ATM or SDH)
BS: Base Station
DBS: Digital Base Station
RBS: Radio Base Station
XBS: Exchange Base Station
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
XBS
Other Networks
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
FR
CORE
POC: Point of Concentration
POP: Point of presence
POI: Point of Interconnection
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 10
Access Network Architecture:
WIP
Point-to-multipoint
END
USER
Mux
POC
AU-RE
SU-RT
SU
AU
POI
PDH /
SDH /
ATM
Network
E3
SS7
Other Networks
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
BS
ACCESS
SU: Subscriber Unit
SU-RT: Subscriber Unit Outdoor Unit
SU-NI: Subscriber Unit Indoor Unit
October 7th
10
BaseT
Border router
BAS
POP
10 BaseT
Z
SU-NI
Transport
PDH/SDH
ADM
EDGE
BS: Base Station
AU: Access Unit
AU-RE: Radio Front-end
MGW: Media Gateway
Aggregation
BS traffic
(ATM or SDH)
POC: Point of Concentration
POP: Point of presence
POI: Point of Interconnection
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
MGW
CORE
Note: The current Network
description shows the ATM approach
(BAS is needed). A fully IP scenario is
also feasible (BAS is not needed)
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 11
Access Network Architecture:
HFC
Analog/Digital
broadcasting
Coax Access
Network
TV
Controlled IP
Network
TV
Set Top
Box
FN
TV
Head-end
FIBER RING
(Redundant)
Cable
Modem
Hub
Internet
CMTS
Amplifiers &
Taps
PC
VoD
Gateway
IN
V5
.
E1 2
Voice Circuit
Switch
PSTN
Hub
MTA
≈400 Homes /
Fiber Node
MTA: Multimedia Terminal Adapter
FN: Fiber Node
CMTS: Cable Modem Termination System
VoD: Video on Demand
IN: Intelligent Network
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 12
Access Network Architecture:
xDSL
TV
Set Top
Box
PC
xDSL
Modem
Copper
Local Loop
<≈ 4 km
Internet
Controlled IP
Network
Splitter
MDF DSLAM
ATM
BAS
PSTN
Voice Circuit
Switch
SS7
IN
MDF: Main Distribution Frame
DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
IN: Intelligent Network
BAS: Broadband Access Server
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 13
Access Network Architecture:
Multiservice DLC
Any
network
Regional Ring/Network
Internet
Residential dispersed
Central
Office
Business Area
ADM
PDH DLC
ISDN/4xE1/STM-1
STM-1/STM-4 Access Ring
POP
Nx2Mb/s
(optical
or HDSL)
SDH DLC
SDH Hub
ISDN/4xE1/STM-1
Business Park
STM-1
LL
PDH DLC
Residential
October 7th
Business
BAM
Multitenant
Residential
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 14
Access Network Architecture:
FTTU
Central Office or
Remote Terminal
Fiber
Distribution
Passive Outside
Plant
20 km
MS
P-OLT
1490nm
1310nm
622 Mb/s >>
Splitters
<< 155 Mb/s
H-ONT
1550nm
V-OLT
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 15
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Technological alternatives at core
Scenario A
Circuit based
Managed
Dark
Fiber Lambda Bandwith
Scenario B
Packet based
Multiservice
ATM/FR/IP
ATM VPN, IP VPN
IP
IP
Ethernet
ptp
Internet
Gbit access
IP VPN
LAN to LAN
connection
GigE,10/100BT
GigE,10/100BT
Ficon,Escon,
Ficon,Escon,
Fibre Ch..
Ch..
ATM/FR
ATM/FR
SDH
SDH
Optical
Optical switching
switching
DWDM
DWDM equipment
equipment
IP
IP Routing
Routing
Ethernet
Ethernet
GigE
Optical
Optical fiber
fiber
Physical
Physical Infrastructure
Infrastructure
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 16
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Sub-layer relations
VC-12
VC-4
STM-4
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 17
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Sub-layers composition
N
r
e
Lay
1
+
N
r
e
y
a
L
Initial sub-layer N relation
Composed sub- layer N+1 relation
Composed sub-layer N relation
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 18
Multi-Layering in Transport Networks:
Introduction of WDM
Services Layer
Delivery of services to
end users
SDH/SONET Layer
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
DXC
ADM
High-speed protection
and restoration
Time division multiplexing
Time slot grooming
ADM
Optical Layer
OXC
WDM
WDM fiber
OADM for
linear links
October 7th
OADM
WDM
WDM fiber
OADM
er
fib
M
WD
Wavelength division multiplexing
High-level protection
and restoration
Dynamic transport reconfiguration
OADM
OXC for mesh
networks
OADM for ring
networks
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 19
Customer network
Transmission Network Architecture:
ADM Network Elements
10/100 Ethernet
2 Mbps
STM-1
140 Mbps
34/45 Mbps
34/45 Mbps
ADM metro
140 Mbps
2 Mbps
ADM access
STM-1
STM-4
STM-1/4
10/100 Ethernet
SDH network
2 Mbps
10/100/1000 Ethernet
October 7th
STM-16
STM-1
34/45 Mbps
140 Mbps
STM-64
ADM metro
STM-4
STM-1o
STM-4
STM-16
ADM core
STM-64
STM-16
140/STM1e
Gb-Eth
10/100 Ethernet
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 20
Full capacity cost Cost per unit
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Economy of scale per technology and size
u1
u1 = a1+ B1 / S
u2 = a2+ B2 / S
u2
m2
m1
X
M1
M2
t1 = a1 S + B1
t2
t2 = a2 S + B2
t1
m1
Equipment size
m2
X
M1
M2
Equipment size
Importance of occupancy or fill-in degree
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 21
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Trends in Transport Technology
TODAY
TOMORROW
Point-to-Point DWDM
for backbone capacity
Intelligent Optical Networks
for end-to-end service
Predetermined
Bandwidth Re-allocation
Fast and efficient
On-demand bandwidth
Network Design Specific to
Type of Service Provided
Multi-Service Optimized
Network (IP/ATM/TDM)
Protection Provided Mainly
by Sonet/SDH Layer
Optical Layer Protection
t
t
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
independent of service type
adaptable to class of service
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 22
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN concept
•A multi-service network able to support voice, data and video
•A network with a control plane (signaling, control) separated from
the transport/switching plane
•A network with open interfaces between transport, control and
applications
•A network using packet technology (ATM. IP) to transport of all
kind of information
•A network with guaranteed QoS for different traffic types
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 23
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN layers
Legacy Network
Signaling/Service
Network
Independent
Services
Legacy Network
Media
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 24
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Why
• Flexibility for service building and offering
• Expectation of cost reductions by sharing infrastructure and
systems
• Simplification of O&M, thus lowering OPEX.
• Use of open interfaces leads for:
- quick deployment of services and applications
- new services (third parties)
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 25
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Issues today
• Availability for all the functionalities within a public environment
and carrier-grade service still needing some time
• QoS guarantee for high priority flows subject to limitations and
standarization
• Routing procedures for guaranteed flows (MPLS, GMPLS) in
evolution and not common through different suppliers, networks
and domains
• Processing capacity limitations when all functions and flows are
carried in large networks
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 26
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
Today: Overlay Networks for Basic PSTN &
Internet access
SCP
NMC
AAA
WWW
SS7
LEX/TEX
NAS
TDM
ATM/IP
LEX
BRAS
Voice
RSU
POTS
October 7th
Data
MUX/DSLAM
ISDN
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
HDSL/XDSL
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 27
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
First Step: Network consolidation & access
optimization
SCP
SCP
PCM
SDH
LEX/TEX
MM LEX/TEX
SS7
SS7
PCM
TDM
SDH
LEX
MM LEX
PCM
RSU
POTS
PCM_SDH
Multi-service
POTS
DATA
ISDN
•
Low capacity (2000 PCM)
•
TDM switching matrix
•
Overwhelming data traffic
•
•
•
•
•
October 7th
TDM
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
ADSL
Higher capacity (16.000 PCM)
ATM switching matrix (80 Gbit/s)
SDH-STM1 interfaces
Data and ADSL integrated in the
Multi-service access
OPEX & CAPEX optimization
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 28
Network Architectures
and migration
Technologies:
Smooth
to NGN
Smooth
migration
to NGN
Evolution towards NGN
Second Step: Smooth migration to NGN
Softswitch
RSP
RCP
Optical
Stand-alone
TK GW
PSTN Class 4
AGW
Core
MSP
TK GW
Class 5
Bypass
Class 4
bypass
MM
Edge
Data
Multiservice
Subscriber unit
Access
Customers
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 29
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
Target : Converged networks
OSS
Services
Softswitch
Control
Distributed Switching
Transport/Media
Trunk
gateway
Access
gateway
Packet
Network
Access
gateway
PSTN
Access
gateway
DSL
Wireless
gateway
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
DLC
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 30
Network Architectures and Technologies:
Evolution towards NGN
NGN : Recommendations
• Ready to be applied in private multiservice data networks
• Ready for public data networks to integrate different data
applications
• Optional for “small” alternative operators and multiservice
environment
• Careful planning for operators with existing infrastructure and
operations
October 7th
ITU/BDT-COE Network Planning/ Architectures
Lecture NP - 2.4 - slide 31