ITU/APT Workshop on NGN Planning
Session 7
Planning of Broadband Wireless
Access for Rural and Remote
Areas
Ignat Stanev
ITC, Bulgaria
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 1
Presentation : motivation and content:
Rural and remote areas telecom case :
usually not interesting from business point of view
telecom development should be supported by government
Percentage of the population living in rural areas
71%
71%
SubSaharan
Africa
East
Asia &
Pacific
75%
27%
Latin
America
South
Asia
Source: The World Bank(1992)
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 2
1
Rural population and teledensity
Population of large
cities as %
Large city
teledensity [%]
Rural areas
teledensity [%]
Overall teledensity
[%]
Low Income
6,0
9,26
2,15
2,54
Lower Middle
5,8
24,84
7,30
8,77
1 : 1,5
Upper Middle
16,1
30,77
21,10
22,94
1 : 1,05
High Income
10,8
57,49
54,83
55,21
Africa
12
6,42
1,39
1,99
Americas
13,6
34,8
21,72
11,39
Asia
4,8
25,97
6,94
7,84
Europe
10,9
48,24
30,19
31,98
Oceania
17,8
45,97
36,77
38,38
WORLD
7,7
17,4
25,25
9,20
1 : 4,3
1 : 3,4
ITU WTID 2002
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 3
Largest cities vs. rural areas in some countries
Country
China
Mongolia
Thailand
Tunisia
India
Bangladesh
Bulgaria
Pakistan
Qatar
Syria
Urban population (% )
41.8
61.0
28.9
64.4
28.5
22.0
70.0
33.5
91.8
51.4
Urban population (%)
% of main lines in urban areas Teledensity [% ]
67.4
26.6
70.5
5.9
50.3
11.0
97.0
12.3
73.3
4.5
95.0
0.8
78.0
32.1
3.4
75.1
99.0
26.4
82.5
15.2
% of main lines in urban areas
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
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Ba
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M
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nd
0.0
ITU WTID 2004-2006
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 4
2
Largest cities vs. rural areas - user behaviour
Findings of the United Nations :
all growth in population will concentrate in
urban areas, no growth in rural areas
most of the growth will concentrate in urban
areas of less developed regions
Users will concentrate in urban areas,
areas, as urban areas put
higher pressure on the individual to "do what the others
do" and from technical point it is easier to connect people
in urban areas
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 5
Broadband connection – statistics
Internet access of households by type of
connection, 2005 (Yearbook 2006-07 )
Top 10 countries by mobile
multimedia users as % of
population, 2003
Spain
Norway
Finland
UK
German
Sweden
Singapo
France
S.Kore
Japan
0
10
20
30
http://reports.tmgtelecom.com/ssmi
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 6
3
IT density as bases for BB services requiring
PC/Internet access
Density statistics for Information technology :
Internet hosts per
10 000 inhabitants
Internet users per
10 000 inhabitants
PCs per 100
inhabitants
Low Income
0,98
62,21
0,59
Lower Middle
Income
Upper Middle
Income
High Income
4,32
264,94
2,45
78,69
992,66
8,24
1 484,20
3 992,87
37,31
Africa
3,38
84,89
1,06
Americas
1 332,97
2 164,28
26,57
Asia
28,73
433,97
2,18
Europe
191,47
1 804,54
17,94
Oceania
885,26
2 771,59
39,91
WORLD
232,66
820,81
7,74
Ratio Low Income/High Income :
1 : 64
SubSub-Saharan
Africa region :
Low Income : 39
Lower middle
Income :
4
Upper middle
Income :
5
1 : 63
High Income : 1
ITU WTID 2002
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 7
Broadband customers – influence of ICT
ICT presented by % of homes with Personal Computer and with
Internet access for selection of European countries, data from 2005 :
% of homes with Internet
% of homes with a Personal Computer
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg Netherlands Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United
Czech
Kingdom
Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Slovak
Bulgaria
Romania
Republic
Source ITU Database 2006
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 8
4
EU Project - Broadband for All
To develop the network technologies and
architectures allowing a generalised and affordable
availability of broadband access to European users,
including those in less developed regions,
peripheral and rural areas.
Optimised access technologies, as a function of the
operating environment, at affordable price allowing
for a generalized introduction of broadband services
in Europe including less developed regions
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 9
Conclusion for the rural and remote areas
characteristics
There is difference between rural and urban
telecom development, which depends mainly
upon the country development (e.g. low income,
high income countries)
Broadband access depends on the IT
penetration in the country and that will influence
the rural and remote areas BB access
In every region of the world there is diversity
of different countries (as low income, high income,
etc.) which should present different requirements
to the rural and remote areas BB access
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 10
5
Planning of bradband wireless access
Critical
Re-Optimization
OpEx
intensive
Critical
Network
planning
Demand
Forecast
Plan New Build
CapEx sensitive
Operate &
Maintain
Purchase / Build
BUILD
PLAN
RUN
OPEX Intensive
CAPEX Sensitive
O ptim um
C osts
Service Definition
Service Definition
/ Market Capture
/ Market Capture
Traffic Demand
Traffic Demand
Generation / Distribution
Generation / Distribution
Total
ATM
ATM
IPIP/ /MPLS
MPLS
Voice
Voice
SS7
SS7
15%
Access Technology
Access Technology
Selection / Roll-Out
Selection / Roll-Out
Business
BusinessCase
Case
Analysis
Analysis
9%
SONET
SONET/ /SDH
SDH
Synchronization
Synchronization
Service Mix, 85%
Geographical Traffic
Demand
ITU/APT Workshop
Bandwidth
5%
Requirements
NODES
Exchanges
9%
Optical
OpticalRing
Ring
Optical
Mesh
Optical
Mesh
CCORE
ircuits
52%
Link
ACCESS
25% Requirements Subscribers
WDM
WDMLinks
Links
nodes
no. of exchanges
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 11
Broadband access technologies
xDSL
HFC
ITU/APT Workshop
Wireless
SAT
Power line
FTTx
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 12
6
Planning process for planning of
wireline (DSL) BB access network
Market
Evolution Data
Design
Parameters/
.Rules
DSL Network
components
Economic
factors
Customers
demand
BB services
Define and
Characterize the
Market Data
Design DSL
Access Network
Perform Techno
Economic
Analysis
VPIaccessMaker
VPIaccessMaker
VPIaccessMaker
Target
Geography
BB market
DSL Network
Design
ITU/APT Workshop
Economic Analysis
of DSL Network
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 13
Planning process for planning of
wireless BB access network
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 14
7
Planning case studies performed with
available network planning tools
The case studies present the planning process
that needs to be performed for evaluation of
wireless broadband access in rural and remote
areas
Planning includes market definition and
optimization of the access network. First
access network is optimized regardless of the
terrain characteristics, then network is
analysed for coverage and result is adjusted
correspondingly
The case studies are planned with professional
NP tools, available through ITU partners
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 15
Planning tools – One Plan Access (VPIaccessMaker
(VPIaccessMaker))
Market definition
Evolution forecasting
Demand mapping
Technology modeling
Network design optimization
Roll-out results
Market capture for a service provider
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 16
8
Planning tools - LStelcom MULTIlink
MULTIlink is a complete solution
for fast microwave link
engineering and designing of
PMP/WLL/LMDS networks.
It can be used for planning and optimizing single links (e.g. path loss,
coverage and availability calculations) as well as for doing network-wide
analysis (e.g. interference calculation, channel assignment).
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 17
Oman – Test Case study
ITU/BDT Arab
Regional
Workshop on
“Wireless
Network
Evolution”
Evolution”
Rural market
– Muscat area
ITU/APT Workshop
MuscatMuscat-Oman, 0303-05
May 2004
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 18
9
Case study Oman - Market forecasting:
Permanent service –
Residential - connection at 64 Kbit/s
Business - connection at 128 Kbit/s
Market based on inhabitants
/ households per sq. km. and
penetration from 2% to 10%
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 19
Case study Oman - Technology definition :
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 20
10
Case study Oman - Planning process :
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 21
Case study Oman - Planning wireless :
BS coverage
calculation
Max server
coverage
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 22
11
Case study – Papua New Guinea :
TELIKOM planning team
Suburban / Rural market
– Port Moresby area
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 23
Case study Papua New Guinea –
Suburban and rural area :
User per sector: 254
Sector payload: 18 Mbps
Radius per BS: 3 KM
Frequency of Operation: 2.3,
2.4 GHz
Bandwidth: 3.5 MHz
TELIKOM planning wireless BB access
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 24
12
Case study Papua New Guinea – Planning
process :
optimization of service
areas
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 25
Case study Papua New Guinea –
Planning wireless :
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 26
13
Case study Bamako - suburban area :
Wireline xDSL
and
WiMAX overlay
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 27
Case study Bamako - Planning process :
Technology specification
Network Optimization
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 28
14
Case study Bamako - Planning wireless :
BS coverage
BS coverage calculation
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
calculation
Session 7_1 - 29
Case study Bamako – Wireless access network :
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 30
15
Case study Bamako - Economic Analysis :
Revenues, Costs, NPN
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 31
Conclusions for planning of bradband
wireless access
Service/market forecasting, access network
optimization and economic analysis are main
phases of planning also for broadband wireless
access in rural and remote areas
Planning of broadband wireless access
requires additional analysis with regard to
evaluation and optimization of the terrain
coverage
Effective planning of broadband wireless
access in rural and remote areas includes
application of appropriate planning tools
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 32
16
Requirements to services and customer
segments definition and forecasting
Broadband penetration
forecasts for the residential
market - EU
e.g. Permanent service
Defined by required
bandwidth or bit rate
y (e.g. no. of subscribers)
Saturation limit
Logistic or
Gompertz'
trend
Linear
trend
Exponential
trend
Time
0
Beginning interval
Average interval
Forecasting of
customer segments
e.g. Residential market:
Saturation interval
Typical for rural and remote areas :
ITU/APT Workshop
Individual, family, commune
services/users
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 33
Requirements to the modeling of user locations
zones /areas
=>
=>
Digital maps – Geo data
nodes / sites
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 34
17
Requirements to the geographical information
Scanned paper maps (raster format)
Orthorectified satellite images and aerial photography
Satellite image - resolution
of 0.64m to 5m is available on
the market for nearly every
area in the world (aerial
photography is more precise usually has a pixel resolution
of 0.1m to 2m)
DTM Elevation data
DEM
DBM
ITU/APT Workshop
Clutter data (Sea, Forest, Industrial
areas, Dense Urban, etc.)
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 35
Requirements to the network optimization
Location on nodes :
E.g. optimal placement of BS
Service areas :
E.g. optimal service areas of a BS
wireless resource is limited, i.e. not possible to have several BS in the same or
nearly the same location, as is the case with wireline nodes (e.g. DSLAMs)
in some wireless technologies served area is function of the traffic load (the
sells breathing effect)
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 36
18
Requirements to the radio network planning
Prediction Models :
Freespace
Propagation
Scattering
Diffraction
Tropospheric Effects
Reflection
Atmosph. Absorption
Loss f>10 GHz
Rain Attenuation
f>5GHz
Non-Terrain Based
• Use of "effective antenna height"
• Monotonous decline of field strength with
increasing distance to transmitter
Example: ITU-R P. 370
DTM Based
• Diffraction, shading, reflection
• Terrain elevation and land use (morphology)
• 2D and 3D models
Examples: "Epstein-Peterson", "Longley&Rice",
"Okumura-Hata"
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 37
Future short and long-term work
More complex statistical analysis of users
in underdeveloped peripheral and rural areas
Additional typical case
studies from rural and remote
areas of less developed
regions
Application of other NP tolls (through ITU)
and preparation of general technical tools
requirements for planning of broadband wireless
access in rural and remote areas
Optional, field trials based on case study
results
ITU/APT Workshop
16 – 17 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand
Session 7_1 - 38
19