Greenhouse Gas Protocol ICT Sector Supplement Overview
Telecommunications Network Services Chapter Update
Gabrielle Ginér - BT
Tom Okrasinski – Bell Labs CTO
ICT sector supplement to support the GHG Protocol Product
Standard
• Initiative under auspices of GHG protocol (WRI / WBCSD):
– Carbon Trust serving as 3rd party facilitator
– GeSI formally represents ICT sector on Steering Committee
– Standards process conforms to GHG Protocol best practices
• Full stakeholder engagement process
• Interested parties to register on GHGP website:
http://www.ghgprotocol.org/feature/new-initiative-announced-help-ict-industry-measure-carbon-footprint
Slide 2
Overview of governance structure
Convening Secretariat
WRI, WBCSD, GeSI, Carbon Trust
Steering Committee
Founding companies, Carbon Trust,
Advocacy Groups , Academia, NGOs
Technical Working Group
(Practitioners)
• Companies
• OEMs
• Service Providers
• Consultancies
• Academia
subgroup
subgroup
Stakeholder
Advisory Group
(open to all)
•Environmental advocacies
•Industry analysts
•Governments
•ICT customers (corporates)
•Developing Countries
subgroup
Slide 3
Focus of the ICT sector supplement
• Focus on implementation of the GHG Protocol – hence adheres to
principles of GHG Protocol and its interpretation of ISO
• “Practitioners Guide”
– written by practitioners for practitioners
– focus on how to assess GHG emissions of ICT products (goods &
services)
– examples / case studies
– supporting data
• Reference and use of existing work and approaches for embodied
carbon - PAIA, iNEMI
Slide 4
Overview of ICT sector supplement structure
ICT Sector Supplement
to support
the GHG Protocol Product Standard
Introduction
overview
Introduction
General Guidance
Methodology &
Principles
Infrastructure
(building blocks)
chapters
Hardware / ICT
equipment
End user
devices
Servers &
network
equip
Ancillary &
components
Service
chapters
Telecoms
network
service
Enablement
chapters
EXAMPLES:
Dematerial isation
(incl. remote
collaboration)
Desktop
managed
service
Energy
management
Cloud
computing
service,
data
centres
and
software
Transportation
Appendices
Data Items
Data Tables
Proxy Data
Secondary Data
References
Glossary
E-commerce
Slide 5
Relationship with other standards
ISO 14040 & 14044
GHG Protocol
Product Standard
ICT sector supplement
GHGP ICT sector supplement: covers goods and services, focus on assessment of
greenhouse gases (no other environmental factors)
ITU-T methodology: more high level, focused on different activities such as utilization of
software, storage of goods and work processes. Does not divide into use phase, embodied
emissions and operational activities.
ETSI methodology: wider LCA - covers for example emissions to water and ground, water
and land use. Doesn’t offer assessment/calculation approach
EC pilot project will test compatibility
Slide 6
Timetable
22 August
Email update to SAG
12 September
Draft to Steering Committee
21 September
SAG webinars
26 September
Steering Committee comments on draft
26 - 30 September
Subgroup to incorporate SC comments
1-20 October
Another iteration with TWG and Steering Committee
4 October
WRI and WBCSD issue Product Standard
20 October
Issue to SAG
20 October to 12 December
SAG to comment
October – January 2012
European Commission pilots
1/2 November
Stakeholder F2F workshop in Jakarta
2 - 10 November
SAG webinars for Europe, North America and Asia audiences
12 – 31 December
Sub-group consideration and incorporation of SAG comments
January 2012
Sub-group discussions with TWG and Steering Group
Mid January 2012
SAG webinars
End of February 2012
Publication of document on GHG Protocol website
Slide 7
Telecom Network Services Guide
Objectives
•
Provides guidance for ICT stakeholders in
calculating GHG emissions associated
with telecom network services (TNS)
–
–
–
•
TNS comprises 3 core elements:
–
–
–
•
Offers methodology approach and
options to identify GHG reduction
opportunities over the life cycle of a service
Provides a means of understanding
emissions sources and prioritizing them to
then help in reducing them
It is NOT a guide for product labeling or
comparative assertion
Customer domain
Service platform
Operational activities
Guide covers:
–
–
–
Scope, boundary, functional unit
Methodologies, hierarchical approaches,
references for details
Generic topics covered in Intro / Overview
Life Cycle Stages for a
Telecommunications Network Service
Slide 8
Telecommunications Network Services Guide
GHG emissions elements
Use
Embodied
GHG Emissions LCA Phase
Telecommunications Network Service (TNS)
Elements in GHG Emissions Assessment
Customer Domain
Service Platform
a
c
In-use GHG emissions
associated with ICT enduser / customer premises
equipment
b
In-use GHG emissions
associated with ICT
network and service
platform supporting /
connecting (but not in)
customer domain
d
Embodied GHG
Embodied GHG
emissions associated with emissions associated with
Service Platform
Customer Domain
equipment / infrastructure equipment / infrastructure
Operational Activities
e
In-use GHG emissions
associated with labor and
non-ICT infrastructure
supporting Customer
Domain and Service
Platform equipment
f
Embodied GHG
emissions associated with
Operational / non-ICT
capital infrastructure
“Use” Includes:
• Equipment / network use
• Repairs / maintenance
“Embodied” Includes:
• Raw materials acquisition &
pre-processing
• Production
• Product distribution / retail
• Installation
• End-of-life treatment
Slide 9
Telecommunications Network Services Guide
GHG Emissions Elements – Customer Domain
Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Customer Domain
(Listed in decreasing order of accuracy)
TNS Element
Customer domain
Use “a”
1. Detailed use phase measurement:
directly measure power consumption of the
ICT equipment through physical power
monitoring under specific operating
conditions and usage profile.
2. Use estimation: estimate typical energy
consumption of ICT equipment based on
categorical equipment type, anticipated
usage profile, and relevant country/region
location of usage.
3. LCA phase ratio modeling: use-phase
GHG emissions can be modeled as a
percentage of the total life cycle GHG
emissions, accounting for the equipment
type, usage profile and country/region of
usage.
Embodied “b”
ICT Equipment: *
1. Detailed LCA: use data from detailed LCA to
determine the ICT equipment’s GHG
emissions.
2. Embodied estimation: estimated GHG
assessment from techniques such as:
 Components – estimation techniques
based on categorical component
similarities (e.g. iNEMI ICT LCA
estimation)
 Equipment – estimation techniques
based on ICT equipment type
parametization (e.g. PAIA laptop
parametization)
3. LCA phase ratio modeling: embodied GHG
emissions can modeled as a percentage of
the total life cycle GHG emissions.
* ICT Supporting Infrastructure treated separately
Slide 10
Telecommunications Network Services Guide
GHG emissions elements – Service Platform
Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Service Platform
(Listed in decreasing order of accuracy)
TNS Element
Use “c”
Service platform
1. Bottom-up model: total service platform
energy consumption can be calculated
“bottom-up” from an inventory of equipment.
2. Coarse/fine-grain models: a combination
of data requirements and energy modeling
parameters to yield a certain level of
information for the use phase.
Embodied “d”
1. Follow approaches as per Customer
Domain – Embodied phase
2. Screening estimation: where significance
is low, use existing LCA studies as proxies.
3. Top-down model: apportionment of energy
to individual telecom services calculated with
ratio of capacity used by customer or service
and mean traffic being carried by the
network.
Slide 11
Telecommunications Network Services Guide
GHG Emissions Elements – Operational Activities
Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Operational Activities
(Listed in decreasing order of accuracy)
TNS Element
Use “e”
Embodied “f”
Operational
activities and nonICT infrastructure
1. Primary Data Assessment - assess GHG
emissions from resources (people and
equipment) involved in delivering the TNS
service, their specific work assignments,
and their time allocations.
1. Primary Data Assessment – use primary
data from a detailed life cycle assessment
(typically carried out by the owner /
maintainer of the operational / non-ICT
infrastructure).
2. Secondary Data Assessment - assess
GHG emissions from resources involved in
delivering the TNS service by using costs
and conversion factors from economic input
/ output tables and apportionment factors
based on the type and extent of operational
activities.
2. Screening estimation – from a practical
standpoint, these activities in the embodied
phase may be represented as either a
simplified percentage of the total LCA
emissions, e.g. 1%, or it may be excluded
due to the relatively small impact (less than
1%).
Slide 12
Telecommunications Network Services Guide
GHG emissions elements – Customer domain ratio approach
Customer Domain: Use / Embodied Ratio Modeling Approach - Example
Example: a small chassis router has typical active power consumption of 100 W at 24x7
utilization, and a life expectancy of 7 years
Step 1: calculate the router’s use-phase GHG emissions:
Euse = 100 W x 8760 hrs/yr x 7 yrs x 1 kwh/1000 Wh x 0.537 kg CO2e/kwh*
Euse = 3293 kg CO2e
*GHG conversion factor for appropriate region of use
Step 2: estimate the router’s embodied-phase GHG emissions using historical LCA data
showing the LCA ratio for use / embodied emissions for different equipment types (see table)
Eemb : Euse = 20% : 80% = 3293 kg CO2e x (20% / 80%) = 823 kg CO2e
Eemb = 823 kg CO2e
Note: full life cycle GHG emissions can also be estimated
as: Euse + Eemb = 4116 kg CO2e
Equipment Category
Use / Embodied Phase
LCA Ratio (Cu and Ce)
Wireless Access Point
75% / 25%
Router, small chassis
80% / 20%
Telepresence system
85% / 15%
Slide 13
Telecom Network Services Guide
GHG Emissions Elements – Service Platform Use Phase: Modeling approach
Network Types
Point-to-Point
Model Types
 Top-down
Tree / Star
 Coarse-grain
 Fine-grain
 Bottom-up
Mesh
Slide 14
Telecom Network Services Guide
Modeling Needs
Increasing Precision / Data Needs
Parameters
TopDown
Coarse
Fine
BottomUp
Overall network power
√
√
√
√
Total mean network traffic
√
√
√
√
√
Network /
Service based
√
√
√
Mean network traffic (“nth” service)
Ingoing traffic (“nth” service)
√
Number of devices
√
Subset of number of hop counts
√
Weighting for traffic thru “h“ hops
√
√
Hops based
Weighting for “nth” service thru “h” hops
√
Network architecture
Class of equipment /equipment category
√
√
Total number of equipment categories
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Mean traffic for “nth” service thru each equipment
category
Total mean traffic for each equipment category
Equipment
based
Mean power/footprint for “kth” equipment category
Power/footprint for “ith” device
Total mean traffic for “ith” service thru “ith” device
Total mean traffic for “ith” device
Increasing Complexity
Outgoing traffic (“nth” service)
√
Device based
√
√
Slide 15
Thank you