College of
OCEANIC &
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Summer 2001
Observations from
Moorings on the
Oregon Continental Shelf
May - August 2001
A component of
Coastal Advances in Shelf Transort
(COAST)
by
Timothy Boyd
Murray D. Levine
P. Michael Kosro
Steve R. Gard
Walt Waldorf
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
Reference 2002-6
December 2002
Data Report 190
Funded by
National Science Foundation
Observations from Moorings on
the Oregon Continental Shelf
May – August 2001
A component of the Coastal Ocean Advances in
Shelf Transport (COAST) Experiment
Timothy Boyd
Murray D. Levine
P. Michael Kosro
Steve R. Gard
Walt Waldorf
Oregon State University
College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences
104 Ocean Admin Bldg
Corvallis, OR 97331
Sponsor: National Science Foundation – Coastal Ocean Processes (CoOP)
Grant: 9907854
Data Report 190
COAS Reference 2002-6
Approved for Public Release
Distribution unlimited
December 2002
1
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We gratefully acknowledge the leadership and organizational efforts of COAST project leaders:
Jack Barth, Pat Wheeler and John Allen. We also acknowledge our COAST co-PIs at Oregon
State University: Mark Abbott, Doug Caldwell, Timothy Cowles, Jianping Gan, Burke Hales,
Ricardo Letelier, James Moum, William Peterson (also NMFS), Roger Samelson, Yvette Spitz;
and at other institutions: John Bane (University of North Carolina) and Alexander van Geen
(Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory).
Thanks to Dennis Root for assembly and oversight of the meteorological system as well as his
overall assistance and technical advice. We appreciate the efforts of the Marine Superintendent
Fred Jones, Captain Danny Arnsdorf, and the entire crew of the R/V Wecoma. We benefited
greatly from the assistance of Daryl Swensen, who served as Marine Tech during both COAST
2001 mooring cruises. We thank the scientific parties that helped during the deployment cruise:
Dennis Root, Lynn Wilkins, Kim Suykens, and Ricardo Matano, and during the recovery cruise:
Dennis Root, Lynn Wilkins, Christopher Wolfe, Antonio Fetter, Renato Castalao, Larry O’Neill,
Ashley Wille, Holda Biskeborn, and Cressy Merrill. We thank Jane Fleischbein for processing
in situ salinity samples from the recovery cruise and Bob O’Malley for evaluation of the CTD
sensors used on the deployment cruise.
We appreciate the support of this project by the National Science Foundation -- Coastal Ocean
Processes (CoOP) – Wind driven Transport Processes in the NE Pacific.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. OVERVIEW
1. INTRODUCTION
p. 6
2. DEPLOYMENT and RECOVERY
p. 6
3. MOORINGS and INSTRUMENTATION
a. Mooring Construction
b. Instrument Calibration
Ocean Temperature and Salinity Sensors
Met Sensors
Doppler Profiler Compass
ADCP/ADP Battery Capacity
Pressure Sensors
CTD Sensors
c. Doppler Profiler Data Processing and Quality
d. Data Filtering
p. 8
4. ADDENDA
a. Deployment Cruise Summary – W0105B
b. Deployment Cruise Final Report – W0105B
c. Recovery Cruise Summary – W0108B
d. Recovery Cruise Final Report – W0108B
e. Copy of Mooring “Heads Up” Flyer
p. 15
5. REFERENCES
p. 20
p. 8
p. 9
p. 9
p. 10
p. 10
p. 11
p. 11
p. 12
p. 12
p. 14
p. 15
p. 15
p. 16
p. 17
p. 19
II. CTD and TIME SERIES PLOTS
1. CTD Profiles: Deployment and Recovery Cruises
a. Deployment Cruise CTD Casts: CH & CP lines
b. Recovery Cruise CTD Casts: CH & CP lines
c. CTD Casts: NH Line Deployment & Miscellaneous
Recovery Cruise Stations
d. Deployment Cruise CTD Time Series
p. 63
2. TEMPERATURE Time Series
p. 85
a. 40-hour Low-Pass Filtered Temperature
b. 1-hour Low-Pass Filtered Temperature
c. Common-Depth 40-hour Low-Pass Filtered Temperature
d. Unfiltered Near-Surface Temperature
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p. 64
p. 70
p. 76
p. 82
p. 85
p. 89
p. 109
p. 117
3. VELOCITY Time Series
p. 125
a. 40-hour Low-Pass Filtered Velocity Components: color contours p. 126
b. 1-hour Low-Pass Filtered Velocity Components: line drawings p. 137
4. SALINTY Time Series
40-hr Low-Pass Filtered Salinity
p. 175
5. METEOROLOGICAL Time Series
a. Over entire experiment
b. More detailed views
p. 180
6. PRESSURE Time Series
a. 40-hr Low-Pass Filtered Pressure
b. Unfiltered, demeaned pressure
p. 188
p. 181
p. 182
p. 189
p. 190
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LIST of TABLES
Table 1. Oceanographic instrumentation: locations and sampling information
Table 2. ADCP/ADP sampling parameters
Table 3. Meteorological instrumentation
Table 4. Year day conversion chart
Table 5. Deployment cruise CTD log
Table 6. Recovery cruise CTD log
p. 21
p. 25
p. 33
p. 34
p. 35
p. 36
LIST of FIGURES
Figure 1. Continental shelf bathymetry & mooring location map
Figure 2. Oceanographic data distribution schematic
Figure 3. Deployment and Recovery cruise CTD station location map
Figure 4. Mooring component schematics
Figure 5. Record-average Temperatures
Figure 6. NMS Doppler profiler headings
Figure 7. Nortek Aquadopp compass heading errors
Figure 8. ADCP-Aquadopp velocity heading differences (raw & corrected)
Figure 9. Record-average ADCP & ADP beam amplitude
Figure 10. Record-average ADCP correlations & ADP signal/noise ratios
Figure 11. Record-average Velocity Components
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p. 38
p. 39
p. 40
p. 47
p. 48
p. 49
p. 50
p. 51
p. 56
p. 61
1. INTRODUCTION
This report documents the oceanographic and meteorological measurements made by the
Mooring Observations component of the Coastal Ocean Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST)
project during the upwelling experiment from May to August 2001. The focus of COAST is to
study the cross-shelf transport processes in a wind-driven system by making field observations
together with ocean and atmospheric modeling.
The extensive upwelling field program included measurements of the physical, biological, and
chemical fields made from moorings, ships, aircraft, and coastal radar. The upwelling
experiment in 2001 focused on two regions. One region, located north of Newport around 45°N,
features a narrow, almost two-dimensional shelf. The other region is south of Newport and
centered on Heceta Bank, around 44.2 °N, where the shelf is much wider and topography much
more complicated. Comparing and contrasting these two regions will help test hypotheses
regarding cross-shelf transport and its effect on the circulation, biology and chemistry of the
coastal ocean.
The data time series are reported and plotted with reference to UTC (Coordinated Universal
Time). However, for convenience the time reference of the logistic information in this report is
local (Pacific Daylight Time).
2. DEPLOYMENT and RECOVERY
Six oceanographic moorings and one meteorological mooring were deployed on the continental
shelf as part of the COAST 2001 upwelling experiment. Three oceanographic moorings were
deployed on an east-west line across the shelf along 45 °N, designated as the north array, and
three were deployed along 44° 13’N, designated as the south array (Figure 1). The three
moorings in each line are designated as Inner Shelf, Mid Shelf and Shelf Break to indicate their
location. The meteorological (“Met”) mooring was deployed near the North Mid Shelf mooring.
The mooring positions, as well as the instrument locations on each mooring and sampling
parameters are given in Table 1. Technical data for each acoustic current profiler are given in
Table 2. The technical details of the meteorological instruments are given in Table 3. The
locations of the oceanographic variables sampled at each mooring are illustrated in Figure 2. For
reference, a day of year calendar is provided in Table 4.
The deployment of moorings was done from the R/V Wecoma on cruise W0105B leaving
Newport on May 15, 2001. Taking advantage of good weather and the length of day, three
moorings of the north array were deployed on the first day: the Met buoy was deployed first,
followed by the North Mid Shelf (NMS) mooring, and then the North Inner Shelf (NIS) mooring
after dinner. In the evening, CTD casts were made in a line off Cascade Head at stations CH-1,
-2, and -3 until 2230 (Figure 3). We then traveled overnight to the South Shelf Break (SSB) site,
where we deployed the SSB mooring on the morning of 16 May. The South Mid Shelf (SMS)
and South Inner Shelf (SIS) moorings were then deployed that afternoon. In the evening of 16
May, we conducted a line of CTD casts off Cape Perpetua at stations CP-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -8, -10,
-11, and -12. By the morning of 17 May we were at the North Shelf Break (NSB) site and
6
deployed the final mooring. Starting in the afternoon, we did a line of CTD casts at stations CH2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, and -10. We then traveled a short distance south and conducted a time
series of CTD casts (stations TS-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10) until mid day on 18 May. Our
goal was to obtain a 12-hour sequence of hourly profiles. A larger temporal gap following cast
TS-7 resulted from the need to re-terminate the CTD connection after the CTD and some cable
were accidentally laid out on the bottom. Following the CTDs, we tested a 75kHz LongRanger
ADCPs at this deep water site. Starting at 0200 on 19 May we did CTD casts along the
Newport hydrographic line at NH-45, -35 and -25, before heading for port, arriving by 0900. A
list of deployment cruise CTD casts is provided in Table 5, and vertical profiles of temperature,
salinity and density are shown in the data plot section.
The recovery cruise W0108B on R/V Wecoma began on 27 August. At the encouragement of
local fishermen we decided to attempt recovery of the anchors. This was not a trivial
undertaking since the moorings had been designed to acoustically release the anchors and leave
them behind. Since the tension rating of the subsurface spherical steel floats was not known, it
was deemed unsafe to lift the entire mooring, including the anchor, from the top, i.e. with the
steel floats in line. Hence, it was necessary for divers to attach a lifting line below the steel
floats. After attaching a lifting line, the tether between the spar buoy and steel float was cut,
releasing the spar buoy. The diving operations were a significant complication to operations,
requiring use of the R/V Wecoma RIB with one of the mates as the operator. We had 4 certified
divers aboard (Cressy Merrill, Dennis Root, Daryl Swenson, and Walt Waldorf), so we were able
to rotate diving duty, using two divers for each dive. The success of the diving was aided by the
good weather. After the spar buoy was recovered, the lifting line attached below the steel float
was pulled with the trawl winch. As the tension increased the winch speed was slowed, and the
gentle rocking of the ship was used to break the anchor loose from bottom suction. This worked
well at all sites; so apparently there was not excessive burial of the anchors. In the case of the
Met mooring, for which there was no subsurface flotation, the divers attached a lifting line, with
a steel float sufficient to support the chain, beneath the mid-water acoustic release. The acoustic
release was triggered to release the surface toroid, which was recovered, and the Met buoy
anchor and chain were subsequently recovered separately. The only anchor that was not
recovered was from the NMS mooring; this could not be recovered because the spar buoy had
been cut loose and there was thus no surface marker for the mooring.
We left the dock at 1030 local time on 27 August and recovered both the NIS and NSB moorings
by 1900. The evening CTD survey along the CH line included casts at CH-5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10,
from 2020 until 0230 on 28 August. Later that morning the Met buoy was recovered. The NMS
mooring was then released and recovered as originally intended since the spar buoy was missing.
After recovery of the NMS mooring, we headed to Newport at 1400 to offload anchors and floats
to provide more room on deck. This was essential because of the additional deck space taken by
the RIB for the diving operations. On route to Newport, we deployed and recovered a test
mooring, using a new method for anchor recovery to be used on future moorings. After
departing Newport for the second time, an ADCP survey was done along the NH line. At 0800
on 29 August recovery operations began at SSB. By 1340 the SMS mooring was also recovered.
At 1700 the final mooring SIS was on deck. The evening CTD survey began at 1815 and
included casts at stations CP-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11,and -12. We then traveled to
deep water to rendezvous with the over flights of the AXBT survey aircraft flown by John Bane.
7
While we were doing CTD casts 18 and 19, he dropped AXBTs near Wecoma for calibration
purposes. Then we conducted 75kHz Longranger ADCP tests over deep water. Next we did an
ADCP slope survey and CTD casts at stations SL-1, -2, -3. We returned to Newport at 1030
August 31. A list of recovery cruise CTD casts is provided in Table 6, and vertical profiles of
temperature, salinity and density are shown in the data plot section.
The mooring locations were sent to the US Coast Guard, District 13, for publication in the Local
Notice to Mariners. In addition, as an effort to eliminate the occurrence of moorings and
mooring instruments as trawler bycatch, and to reduce equipment loss to area fishermen, notice
of our activities was sent to Sea Grant agents for posting and distribution. Laminated businesscard size ”reminders” with the mooring locations and contact information were provided with the
“heads up” posters (Addendum e.) in the hope that these would be posted on the bridge of fishing
vessels.
3. MOORINGS and INSTRUMENTATION
3a. Mooring Construction
The oceanographic moorings were constructed with the following elements (from the bottom
up): 3-wheel anchor, acoustic release, Doppler profiler, 3/8” wire rope, steel float, spectra line,
surface spar buoy. The working schematics showing details of the mooring elements are given
in Figure 4. The anchors weighed about 2500 lbs in air. The acoustic releases were Edgetech
(formerly InterOcean) models BACS 8242XS and 8242. The Doppler profilers were mounted in
stainless steel cages manufactured by Flotation Technology. The wire rope lengths with swaged
terminations were also obtained from Flotation Technology. Universal plastic clamps designed
by Walt Waldorf and Jay Simpkins were used to attach the instruments to the wire. Stainless
steel banding was used to attach the instruments to the clamps. A single 37” steel float provided
about 700 lbs net buoyancy for each mooring. Spectra line (1/2” diameter) loosely connected the
top of the subsurface float to the surface spar buoy. Some flotation and weights were attached to
the line to maintain an “N” shape so that the line would not tangle with the subsurface float or
spar buoy. The spar buoy weighs more than 600 lbs. in air and is about 5.5 m long. The purpose
of the buoy is to serve as an aid to navigation, warning of the presence of the mooring. A radar
reflector and battery-powered flashing light (recharged by a solar panel) were located 3.5 m
above the waterline. Oceanographic sensors and atmospheric sensors (Roger Samelson’s) were
attached to some of the spar buoys, about 2 m below and above the waterline, respectively.
The Met mooring was constructed of a three wheel anchor, 115 m of ½” long-link chain, an
acoustic release, and a surface toroidal buoy with a 2 m bridle. This length of chain results in a
scope of 1.4 in 80 m of water. An acoustic release was located at a break in the chain about 50 m
below the surface. The Met buoy is a 1.78 m diameter toroid constructed of DuPont Surlyn foam
(Gilman Corp.), providing a maximum 2580 lbs of buoyancy at total submergence. Instruments
were attached to the bridle of the buoy and to the chain in the upper part of the water column.
The moorings were deployed float first behind the slowly moving ship. The wire rope (or chain)
was then spooled out using the trawl winch. Instruments were attached as the wire (or chain)
8
passed over the stern. The anchor was lifted with the trawl wire and then lowered to the bottom
on a custom, spring-loaded hook, with the ship still moving slowly. After the anchor hit bottom,
the ship stopped and the spring-loaded hook released the anchor from the trawl wire.
The surface buoys were spotted routinely by various COAST investigators on survey cruises
during the deployment period. In early July we received a report, later confirmed by the Coast
Guard, that one of our spar buoys was on the beach near Florence. The beached spar buoy,
which was the surface marker for the NMS mooring, had traveled about 110 km southward to the
beach. The spar buoy was retrieved and all pieces were intact. No sensors had been placed on
this buoy, due to its proximity to the Met buoy. The spectra line connecting the spar buoy to the
subsurface spherical float appeared to have been cut by something being towed through the
water.
3b. Instrument Calibration
The dates of the instrument calibrations are given in Table 1. Vertical profiles of the mean
temperatures with standard deviations are shown in Figure 5 for the ocean and meteorological
instruments on each mooring. The Met and NMS mooring data are combined in one plot.
Ocean Temperature and Salinity Sensors
The SBE 39 (temperature recorder, T), SBE 16 (Seacat, T & C) and SBE 37 (Microcat, T & C)
instruments were calibrated by the manufacturer at the SeaBird Electronics calibration facility.
The MTR, MDR, and Vemco temperature sensors were calibrated in the COAS temperature
calibration tank on 18-19 April 2001. The temperature standard used is a SeaBird Electronics
SBE-38 Digital Oceanographic Thermometer, s/n 0088, which was calibrated most recently on 1
June 2000. The pre-deployment calibration covered the temperature range 4-22 ºC in 2 ºC steps,
holding for 0.5 hour at each step. These calibrations were less than satisfactory, due to the short
duration of each step: the MTRs and MDRs had not completely adjusted to the temperature step
until nearly the end of the step. For the MTRs, typically only 9 points (with 2 minute sampling)
could be used at each step. A post-deployment calibration was conducted on 27 September
2001, using the COAS facility. The results of this calibration were not used due to an apparent
problem with the bath temperature controller. For this reason, we cannot compare post-cruise
with pre-cruise calibrations.
MTR Calibration coefficients are obtained by least squares fit of the polynomial
T = (a + b*R + c*R2 + d*R3)-1 – 273.15, where R=ln(rs/f0), f0=1000.0, and rs=4.0x108/(MTR
counts). Comparison of temperature differences using the present and previous calibration
constants is a measure of the sensor drift over the period between calibrations. Comparison of
MTR calibrations from December 2002 (after the NSF-funded HOME Nearfield experiment) to
calibrations from April 1996 (before the ONR-funded PRIMER experiment) revealed long term
stability in all of the MTRs used in both calibrations. The average difference between postHOME and pre-PRIMER calibrated temperatures was about 4.5 x 10-3 ºC over the temperature
range 6 ≤ T ≤ 16 ºC. The variation in temperature difference over that temperature range was
typically about +/- 0.5 x 10-3 ºC. Due to closer proximity of the post-HOME calibration to the
9
COAST 2001 sampling, these calibrations were used where possible. The dates of the
calibrations used are shown in Table 1.
Met Sensors
Many of the Met instruments were recalibrated after recovery. The Vaisala temperature (T) and
relative humidity (RH) sensors were recalibrated 8/20/02 by Campbell Scientific, at which time
T was found to be within +/- 0.3 °C at 25 °C; and RH was found to be within 2% at 90% RH
and within 1% at both 50% and 20% RH.
Two Li-Cor pyranometers (short-wave radiation sensors) were deployed on the Met mooring.
The pyranometer lost on recovery (PY38217) was calibrated shortly before deployment. The
sensor which survived (PY32771) was recalibrated 9/10/02. The correction to the PY32771 was
estimated to be a factor of 1.054. This correction improves the agreement between the two
sensors, data from which was downloaded periodically by cell phone throughout the deployment.
There was a systematic shading of one sensor during sunrise and the other during sunset. It was
fortuitous that the alignment of the two sensors was in line with the shading anemometer mount
and the path of the sun. The recorded buoy orientation agrees with this scenario. So for the final
time series, we chose the larger value of the two radiation sensors at each time. Near-real-time
access to Met buoy data via cellular phone worked well, with data transmitted every few days.
Doppler Profiler Compasses
Prior to deployment, self calibrations of the compasses of the Sontek 250 and 500 kHz ADP
Doppler current profilers and RDI 300 kHz ADCP Doppler current profilers were performed per
manufacturers’ specifications while hanging from a tree far from the influence of metal. Factory
calibrations of the NORTEK 1 MHz and 2 MHz AquaDopp profilers were performed a few
weeks prior to deployment. At the time of deployment, Nortek did not provide software for user
calibration of the compass.
Comparison of velocity data from bin 1 (71.75m) of the downward-looking 2 MHz Aquadopp at
71m with data from bin 3 (68m) of the upward-looking 300 kHz ADCP at 76m reveals a time
dependent offset in direction in these nearly overlapping bins. The velocity direction difference
varies with heading of the shallower instrument, which has a larger response to changes in the
wind (see Figure 6). An even larger difference was found between velocity data from bin 1
(16.5m) of the upward-looking 1 MHz Nortek Aquadopp and bin 29 (16m) of the ADCP. The 1
and 2 MHz Aquadopp heading errors were determined through calibration of the compasses on a
compass stand at OSU. The Aquadopps were fixed to the stand and rotated through 360º. These
calibrations were conducted much after the deployment and with alkaline battery packs on hand,
rather than the battery packs used in the deployments. The heading-dependent heading errors are
shown in Figure 7. Velocities were corrected for heading error under the assumption that the
heading was constant within an ensemble averaging interval. After rotating headings to correct
for the heading error, the mean difference in headings between the Nortek and RDI bins were
reduced from 10º to 1º for the 1 MHz instrument and from 4º to 1º for the 2 MHz instrument
(Figure 8).
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ADCP Battery Capacity
The energy consumed by the RDI Workhorse 300kHz ADCPs during the deployment has been
estimated using the RDI “Plan” software. These estimates are shown in Table 2. After recovery,
we bench tested the ADCPs at 7ºC for an additional 30 days with the deployment sampling
parameters, as a test of the battery capacity. The energy consumption for the battery tests
together with the field deployment, were estimated via the RDI “Plan” software at 494 Wh, 476
Wh, 484 Wh, and 478 Wh, for the SSB, SIS, NMS, and NIS ADCPs, respectively. These values
are all well beyond the 400 Wh capacity specified by RDI for the ADCP battery pack.
Pressure Sensors
On each of the 6 oceanographic moorings, pressure was measured in the depth range 11-16m.
These pressure measurements were in conjunction with either temperature measurements (when
made by SBE 39 or MDR), or temperature and conductivity measurements (when made by SBE
37 “Microcat”). Three additional pressure sensors were deployed on the NMS mooring: an SBE
16 Seacat at 70m (s/n 50) was deployed with an external Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure
sensor, and the 2 Nortek Aquadopps deployed at 18m (1MHz) and 71m (2MHz) were equipped
with pressure sensors.
The SBE39 temperature/pressure units on NMS, NSB and SBS moorings stopped recording after
day 194 due to unanticipated drain on the batteries. The Nortek data reflect more involved
battery problems due to passivation layers in the lithium cells, which result in gaps early in the
deployment and no data at all by the end. There are, however, substantial continuous pressure
time series from each Nortek instruments throughout the middle of the deployment.
An inter-calibration of all of the 11-16m pressure sensors, except the Paroscientific and Nortek
sensors, was performed in January 2002 using the OSU pressure bomb. Four pressure steps were
recorded: 0, 16, 28, and 40 db. The new SBE39s (s/n’s 662 and 663) were used as standards
after offsets were applied to give zero pressure at 1 atmosphere. These adjustments were small:
+0.065 db (#662) and -0.012 db (#663). This inter-comparison resulted in the following
adjustments:
Sensor
Serial #
Adjustment
SBE 39
SBE 39
SBE 39
SBE 39
MDR
MDR
Digiquartz
Nortek 2MHz
Nortek 1MHz
662
663
668
1413
100
116
+0.065 db to factory calibration
-0.012 db from factory calibration
-0.26 db from factory calibration
use factory calibration
same as previous calibration (A = 0.09551, B=-20.427)*
+2 db to B from previous calibration (A=0.09554, B=-17.664)*
no adjustment
no adjustment
no adjustment
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(*Note: MDR calibration is as follows: P(db)=A + B x counts.)
While the Nortek pressure sensors have not been recalibrated, the displacements agree very well
with nearby sensors and any absolute offset appears to be small.
The Paroscientific Digiquartz sensor has a range of 0-900 psi, with a resolution of 0.01% or 0.09
psi (~6 cm).
CTD Sensors
Water samples were not collected for in situ salts during the deployment cruise (W0105B)
aboard the R/V Wecoma, however the same primary (#1054) and secondary (#1538)
conductivity sensors were used during the subsequent Wecoma cruise (W0105C), during which
in situ salts were collected. Analysis of the salt samples from the W0105C cruise suggested that
the computation of salinity from the W0105B CTD casts should use the secondary conductivity
sensor (#1538) with no drift correction (Bob O’Malley, personal communication). In situ salt
samples were collected during the recovery cruise (W0108B) and processed at OSU by Jane
Fleischbein. The analysis of the salinity samples suggested that salinity from the recovery cruise
CTD casts should be computed from the secondary conductivity sensor (#1030) with no drift
correction. In both cases, the secondary temperature sensor was used.
3c. Doppler Profiler Data Processing and Quality
Data Quality
We refer to several diagnostic variables to determine the data quality within each Doppler
profiler range bin. The set of diagnostics available is different for each of the Doppler profiler
instrument types (mfg by RDI, Sontek, and Nortek) used in the COAST 2001 deployments.
In general, assuming instrumentation that is basically working, we encounter three types of
phenomena that reduce the quality of data within the vertical window available to the profilers:
(1) surface or bottom reflection of side-lobe energy (depending on up/down orientation), (2)
near-field effects, and (3) side-lobe reflection from instrumentation on the mooring line.
Each of the profiler types used in COAST is subject to side-lobe reflection from the surface or
bottom. The approximate range at which this occurs goes as zD cos(θ) where zD is the depth (or,
more properly, distance to the boundary) of the transducer and θ is the angle from vertical of the
axis of the acoustic beams. The expected depths of the surface (or bottom) reflections, assuming
infinitesimal pulse lengths, are shown in Table 2 (under “surface reflection”). In practice,
however, the proximity of good data bins to the surface is determined by reviewing a
combination of diagnostic variables: beam amplitude, beam correlation (RDI only), signal/noise
(Sontek only), standard deviation per ensemble (Sontek only), record-means and record-standard
deviations of velocity components (u, v, w, and horizontal speed), and percentage of good 4 or 3
beam solutions (RDI only). The RDI ADCP has 4 beams, whereas the Sontek ADP and Nortek
Aquadopp have only 3 beams. This permits an additional diagnostic quantity referred to as error
velocity, which is the difference between the vertical velocity estimates obtained from the two,
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orthogonal pairs of beams. Besides instrumental or other sampling problems, non-zero error
velocity may also reflect failure of the assumption that a single, physically meaningful velocity
vector can be derived from Doppler shifted reflections from physically separated volumes.
Beam amplitude decays with range and then increases dramatically when the beam encounters a
boundary (Figure 9). The bin at which this occurs usually corresponds within 1 bin of the depth
at which correlation (RDI) or signal/noise (Sontek) begin to decrease rapidly with increasing
range (Figure 10). Typical values for RDI beam amplitude span from 120-130 at close range to
60 at maximum range (e.g. RDI 300kHz s/n 1969 at NMS). Sontek values fall somewhat lower
(~20-40) at maximum range. Beam correlation (RDI) decreases weakly with increasing range
(~125-115) until the sidelobe encounters the surface, at which point the correlation decreases
rapidly with increasing range. Signal/noise (Sontek) decreases steadily with increasing range
(from ~40 to ~5), until the sidelobes hit the surface, at which point signal/noise increases rapidly
with increasing range.
The percentage of good 4-beam solutions is another indicator of the quality of the ensemble
averaged velocity in each bin for the RDI instruments. Throughout most of the water column the
record average of the ensemble-percentage of good 4-beam solutions is very close to 100%. This
percentage drops rapidly for bins at greater range than the closest bin identified with the sidelobe
reflection from the surface based on beam amplitude and correlation.
The means and standard deviations of velocity components (u, v, w, and speed) all increase
dramatically for bins at greater range than the closest bin identified with the sidelobe reflection
from the surface (Figure 11). The significant velocity increase takes place within the first two
bins at greater range than the sidelobe reflection as identified by beam amplitude and
correlation/signal-to-noise.
The 3 beam Sontek sensors on the South Mid Shelf and North Shelf Break moorings always
return a value regardless of conditions. There is no Sontek equivalent to the RDI % good pings.
Velocity component statistics, signal/noise ratio, and signal amplitude are used in judging overall
quality of the Sontek ADP signal. Biological sources (fish, squid, arthropods, etc.) can interfere
with Doppler profiler sampling on an intermittent basis. The Sontek diagnostic of Standard
Deviation Per Ensemble (SDPE) seems to provide a good measure of such interference.
Intermittent sections of the SMS and NSB velocity records have high values of SDPE, and thus
likely data quality loss. Regions where filtered SDPE > 6 are identified in the 1 hour low pass
filtered data plots. This occurs occasionally, primarily in the upper depths, in both SMS and
NSB moorings, but is most pronounced in the NSB record. Although we might expect SDPE to
provide a good estimate of the depth of the surface reflection, the record-means and standard
deviations of the velocity component SDPE do not provide estimates that are consistent with
those obtained from the signal amplitudes, velocity component statistics, and signal/noise ratios.
For example, record-mean SDPE at the SMS mooring has a “knee” at 17m (bin 38) and rises
rapidly toward the surface from that depth, which we would identify as the depth of the surface
reflection. The estimate from other diagnostic variables is 7 m (bin 43). Similarly, the SDPE
estimate of surface reflection depth at NSB is 49 m (bin 18) versus 14 m (bin 27) from other
diagnostic variables.
13
The Nortek Aquadopps have neither a correlation nor signal/noise diagnostic. In determining the
depths of the surface and bottom reflections, we have relied on the amplitude of the reflected
signal and the mean and std deviations of the velocity components. For the downward-looking
2MHz Aquadopp, all velocity components (u, v, w, horizontal speed) increase rapidly with
increasing range beyond bin 12 (z = 77.25 m)in both the record mean and standard deviation,
whereas the amplitude shows no sign of the bottom reflection until bin 16 (z = 79.25 m). It is
possible this discrepancy is related to sampling of turbulent eddies within the bottom boundary
layer. In contrast, beam amplitude from the upward-looking 1 MHz Aquadopp indicates the
surface reflection occurs farther from the surface (~ 3.5 m, bin 14) than do the velocity
component means and standard deviations (~2.5 m, bin 15).
The RDI ADCPs are particularly susceptible to near-field errors. This is apparent in the recordaverage beam amplitudes, which are significantly larger for the closest one or two bins (>130)
than for nearby bins at greater range. The RDI ADCP deployed on the SSB mooring recorded
anomalously large beam amplitudes (120-160) throughout the water column.
The RDI ADCPs are also particularly susceptible to the reflection of sidelobe energy from other
instruments on the mooring line at relatively close range. This problem is more commonplace in
deeper, lower scattering environments, where the low energy sidelobe reflections from hard
targets represent a larger fraction of the reflected energy from a range bin. In the case of the
COAST 2001 moorings all of the identified problems with sidelobe reflections occurred within
10-11 m of the transducers. The reflection from a hard target on the mooring wire has a
characteristic signature in both correlation (RDI) and velocity. The characteristic correlation
signature is an oscillation with depth around the range of the target – larger and smaller than that
from neighboring, non-contaminated bins. The sidelobe energy, although much lower energy
than the main lobes, represents a significant fraction of the energy reflected to the transducer and
biases the velocity toward zero, because the hard target on the wire is not moving relative to the
Doppler profiler. The probable sources of the sidelobe reflections were, (1) NIS: SBE 37
microcat at 40 m, and BS at 35 m, (2) SIS: SBE 37 microcat at 40 m, (3) NMS: SBE 16 seacat at
70 m, and BS at 65 m.
Conversion of Velocities from Magnetic to Geographic Coordinates
Vector currents were rotated from magnetic coordinates to geographic coordinates using the
magnetic declination of 17.87º E, derived using the Geomagix program (Geomagix/Geozip
program) for 45ºN 124º10’W.
3d. Data Filtering
We have included plots of 1-hour and 40-hour low pass filtered data in this report and on the data
CD. The 1-hour low-pass filter has a window ½ width of 8 hours, and ¼ power point of 1 hour.
The 40-hour low-pass filter has a window ½ width of 61.33 hours, and ¼ power point of 40
hours. These window widths are a reduction by ½ over the filter widths used in processing
previous mooring time series, such as NOPP (Boyd et al., 2000) and PRIMER (Boyd et al,
1997). The low pass filter is a symmetric, finite impulse response filter with a Lanczos taper.
14
M
The filter output is Ti =
∑h T
∑h
k =− M
k +i
k
, where the kth filter weight is hk =
k
sin(πFc / FN k∆t )
, in
(πFc / FN ∆t )
which Fc is the cutoff frequency, FN is the Nyquist frequency and ∆t is the sample interval.
There is no filter output within one filter ½ width of the start or stop times of the time series.
The filter permits data gaps, but requires at least 50% of data within each side of the window,
and filter weights are adjusted accordingly such that the sum of weights on each side = ½.
4. ADDENDA
4a. Mooring Deployment Cruise Summary – W0105B – COAST
May 15, 2001 – local time (add 7 for UTC)
1000 local – leave Newport; head for M on 45 deg N
1330 – Met buoy (M) in water
1400 – Met buoy released
1515 – Top of North Mid Shelf (NMS) in water
1645 – Mooring released
1940 – Top of North Inner Shelf (NIS) in water
2000 – Mooring released
2050 – CTD stn CH-1
2120 – CTD stn CH-2
2200 – CTD stn CH-3
2230 – Travel to South Shelf Break; ADCP track
May 16, 2001
0900 – Top of South Shelf Break (SSB) in water
1000 – Mooring released
1320 – Top of South Mid Shelf (SMS) in water
1400 – Mooring released; deploy bamboo marker buoy
1620 – Top of South Inner Shelf (SIS) in water
1700 – Mooring released
1815 – CTD stn CP-2
1915 – CTD stn CP-3
20xx – CTD stn CP-4
2100 – CTD stn CP-5
2145 – CTD stn CP-6
2245 – CTD stn CP-8
2330 – CTD stn CP-10
4b. Mooring Deployment Cruise – W0105B – Final Report
The mooring deployment cruise returned to Newport at 0900 local 19 May 2001.
Thanks to the hard work of the crew of the Wecoma and the scientific party,
15
all objectives were achieved.
The weather also cooperated… After the first day the winds were weak (<15 knots)
contributing to a comfortable ride.
A summary of the tasks completed is given below.
MOORINGS:
The moorings were deployed very near the intended locations; the actual
mooring locations are given below:
Lat
Long
Depth
North Shelf Break (NSB):
44 deg 59.994' N
124 deg 12.655'W
North Mid Shelf (NMS)
45 deg 0.011' N
124 deg 6.995' W
Meteorological Buoy (M)
44 deg 59.757' N
124 deg 6.998' W
North Inner Shelf (NIS)
45 deg 0.04' N
124 deg 4.102' W
South Shelf Break (SSB)
44 deg 12.967' N
124 deg 54.802' W
South Mid Shelf (SMS)
44 deg 12.983' N
124 deg 28.104' W
South Inner Shelf (SIS)
44 deg 12.993' N
124 deg 10.346' W
Distance from
planned target
130 m
0.6 nm
81m
0.22 nm
79 m
0.32 nm
50m
0.15 nm
132 m
0.03 nm
99 m
0.02 nm
51 m
0.25 nm
CTDs:
Casts were made at the following stations:
CH-1, 2, 3
5/16/01 0350 to 0500 UTC
CP-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 5/17/01 0115 to 0815 UTC
CH-2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
5/17/01 2050 to 5/18/01 0430 UTC
TS (Time series: 44 deg 55.5’ N; 125 deg 8.2’ W) start 5/18/01 0600 UTC
One cast per hour until 5/18/01 1800 UTC (skipping 1300, 1400, 1500)
Water depth 1260 m.
NH-45, 35, 25
5/19/01 0915 to 1300
4c. Mooring Recovery Cruise Summary – W0108B – COAST
August 27, 2001 – local time (add 7 for UTC)
16
1030 local - leave Newport; head for NIS mooring
- dive on mooring, recover spar
1530 - NIS mooring recovered with anchor
- go to NSB mooring; dive; recover spar
1902 - NSB mooring recovered with anchor
2021 - CTD stn CH-5
2113 - CTD stn CH-6
2211 - CTD stn CH-7
2346 - CTD stn CH-8
August 28, 2001
0110 - CTD stn CH-9
0236 - CTD stn CH-10
- dive on Met mooring; release buoy; recover buoy; recover anchor
1104 - Met mooring recovered with anchor
- released anchor of NMS mooring (no spar)
1404 - NMS mooring recovered (no anchor)
- travel toward Newport
- deploy Test mooring in 50 m depth
- recover Test mooring; recover anchor; success!
- dock at Newport to offload mooring parts
- ADCP survey along NH line
4d. Mooring Recovery Cruise – W0108B – Final Report
The mooring reovery cruise returned to Newport at 1030 local 31 August 2001.
Thanks to the hard work of the crew of the Wecoma and the scientific party,
all objectives were achieved.
The weather also cooperated…
A summary of the tasks completed is given below.
MOORINGS:
All 7 moorings, instruments and anchors were retrieved, except the anchor at NMS.
The spar on the NMS mooring was cut loose preventing diving operations;
some instruments were also damaged on this mooring.
Lat
Long
North Shelf Break (NSB):
44 deg 59.994' N
124 deg 12.655'W
North Mid Shelf (NMS)
45 deg 0.011' N
124 deg 6.995' W
Depth
130 m
81m
17
Meteorological Buoy (M)
44 deg 59.757' N
124 deg 6.998' W
North Inner Shelf (NIS)
45 deg 0.04' N
124 deg 4.102' W
South Shelf Break (SSB)
44 deg 12.967' N
124 deg 54.802' W
South Mid Shelf (SMS)
44 deg 12.983' N
124 deg 28.104' W
South Inner Shelf (SIS)
44 deg 12.993' N
124 deg 10.346' W
79 m
50m
132 m
99 m
51 m
CTDs:
Casts were made at the following stations:
CH-5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
8/28/01 0320 to 0930 UTC
CP-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 8/30/01 0115 to 0910 UTC
44deg 13.5’N, 125deg 20’ W
8/30/01 simultaneous casts with AXBTs
SL-1, 2, 3
8/31/01 slope stations
ADCP:
Survey along NH line to NH-55
morning 8/29/01
4e. Copy of Mooring “Heads Up” Flyer (following page)
18
Heads Up!
Study of ocean circulation
by oceanographers at
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
8 Buoys
• flashing amber light (4 s)
• radar reflector
• 15 May to 1 Sep 2001
Lincoln
City
45E N
45E 0' N, 124E 4.3' W (27fm)
45E 0' N, 124E 7.3' W (44 fm)
(2 Buoys)
45E 0' N, 124E 13.5' W (71 fm)
44E 38' N
Newport
44E 38' N, 124E 19.0' W (44 fm)
44E 13' N, 124E 10.7' W (27fm)
44E 13' N, 124E 28.1' W (55 fm)
44E 13' N, 124E 54.8' W (71fm)
44E 13' N
Heceta
Head
Your cooperation is greatly appreciated
For further information:
Murray Levine, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
541-737-3047 levine@oce.orst.edu
19
5. REFERENCES
Boyd, T., M. D. Levine and S. R. Gard, Mooring observations from the Mid-Atlantic Bight, JulySeptember 1996, Synthetic Aperture Sonar Primer and Coastal Mixing & Optics Programs, Ref. 97-2,
Data Report 164, Oregon State University, 226 pp., 1997.
Boyd, T., M. D. Levine, P. M. Kosro, and S. R. Gard, Mooring Observations from the Oregon
Continental Shelf, April-September 1999, A component of the Prediction of Wind-Driven Coastal
Circulation Project, COAS Ref. 00-1, Data Report 177, Oregon State University, 216 pp., 2000.
Boyd, T., M. D. Levine, S. R. Gard, and W. Waldorf, Mooring Observations from the Hawaiian Ridge,
November 2000 – January 2001, A component of the Hawaii Ocean Mixing Experiment (HOME)
Survey Program, COAS Ref. 2002-1, Data Report 185, Oregon State University, 216 pp., 2002 (+CD
version).
20
Table 1a.
North Inner Shelf (NIS)
Sensor
Serial #
Air T & T/RH 604/454867
SBE 39 plastic
656
Vemco
7329
Radiometer
153/047
Microcat
1820
Fluor/BS
066/047B
MDR
116
SBE 39 Ti
264
SBE 39 Ti
666
BS
054B
Microcat
1822
RDI xducer
1847
MTR
3113
45º 0.04’ N, 124º 4.10’ W
Depth, m
-3
2.4
4.5
10.2
12
15
16
20
28
35
40
46
48
∆t, min
7.5/10
1
12
60
1
15/30
4
1
1
75
1
2
4
Water depth 50 m
Calibrations
19 Apr 01
4 Mar 01
19 Apr 01
Comments *
On spar +14s
-219s
23 Mar 01
-21s
19 Apr 01
13 May 00
9 Mar 01
With pressure
+23s
+18s
23 Mar 01
-36s
19 Dec 02
On release +132s
Table 1b.
South Inner Shelf (SIS)
Sensor
Air T
SBE 39 plastic
Vemco
Radiometer
Microcat
Fluor/BS
MDR
SBE 39 Ti
SBE 39 Ti
Microcat
RDI xducer
MTR
Serial #
602
659
7296
152/046
1823
071/052B
100
235
664
1816
1944
3095
44º 12.99’ N, 124º 10.35’ W
Depth, m
-3
2.4
4.5
10.2
12
15
16
20
28
40
46
48
∆t, min
7.5
1
12
60
1
15/30
4
1
1
1
2
4
Water depth 50 m
Calibrations
19 Apr 01
4 Mar 01
19 Apr 01
Comments *
On spar +17s
23 Mar 01
-38s
19 Apr 01
4 Feb 00
9 Mar 01
13 Mar 01
With pressure
+23s
+17s
-22s
19 Dec 02
On release +148s
*Note: times shown are clock drift (reference – instrument) over duration of the experiment
21
Table 1c.
North Mid Shelf (NMS)
45º 0.01’ N, 124º 7.00’ W
Sensor
Radiometer
Microcat
Fluor/BS
SBE 39 plastic
Serial #
149/043
1817
069/050B
663
Depth, m
10.2
12
15
16
∆t, min
60
1
15/30
1
Aquadopp 1M
SBE 39 Ti
Microcat
MTR
MTR
SBE 39 Ti
BS
Seacat
P035-2/01
263
1818
3079
3080
168
053B
50
18
20
28
42
42
56
65
70
8
1
1
4
4
1
75
4
Aquadopp 2M
RDI xducer
MTR
P035-1/01
1969
3010
71
76
76.5
3085
78
MTR
Water depth 80 m
Calibrations
19 Apr 01
25 Mar 01
28 Feb & 12 Mar 01
31 May 00
25 Mar 01
19 Dec 02
19 Dec 02
19 May 00
Comments *
Flooded
With pressure
+53s
Gaps; 1m bins
+20s
-47s
Date bad
+146s
+24s
27 Feb 01
2
2
4
With pressure
+83s
Gaps; .5m bins
19 Dec 02
4
19 Dec 02
On ADCP
frame +141s
On release
+185s
Table 1d.
South Mid Shelf (SMS)
44º 12.98’ N, 124º 28.10’ W
Sensor
Air T
SBE 39 plastic
Vemco
Radiometer
Microcat
Fluor/BS
SBE 39 plastic
Serial #
600
654
7300
154/048
1821
068/049B
662
Depth, m
-3
2.4
4.5
8.2
10
13
14
SBE 39 Ti
Microcat
MTR
MTR
SBE 39 Ti
MTR
Seacat
Sontek xducer
MTR
270
1819
3086
3073
88
3078
41
4038
3090
18
26
40
40
56
72
88
94
96
∆t, min
7.5
1
12
63
1
15/30
1
1
1
4
4
1
4
4
2
4
22
Water depth 98 m
Calibrations
19 Apr 01
4 Mar 01
19 Apr 01
Comments *
On spar +13s
22 Mar 01
-4s
28 Feb &12 Mar 01
31 May 00
23 Mar 01
19 Apr 01
19 Apr 01
31 May 00
19 Dec 02
27 Feb 01
With pressure
+48s low batt
+16s
-22s
+126s
+130s
+19s
Did not start
+93s
19 Apr 01
On release +139s
Table 1e.
North Shelf Break (NSB)
Sensor
Serial #
Air T & T/RH 599/445172
SBE 39 plastic
655
Vemco
7295
Radiometer
150/044
Microcat
1413
Fluor/BS
070/051B
SBE 39 Ti
268
SBE 39 Ti
265
SBE 39 plastic
660
SBE 39 Ti
267
MTR
3094
MTR
3098
Seacat
51
SBE 39 Ti
87
SBE 39 plastic
658
Seacat
40
Sontek xducer
C83
MTR
3084
44º 59.99’ N, 124º 12.66’ W
Depth, m
-3
2.4
4.5
9.2
11
14
15
19
27
35
47
47
59
79
99
119
124
127
∆t, min
7.5/10
1
12
0.333
1
15/30
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
1
1
4
2
4
Water depth 129 m
Calibrations
19 Apr 01
4 Mar 01
19 Apr 01
Comments *
On spar +18s
28 Feb & 5 Mar 01
Del t wrong
w/ pressure -40s
21 Jun 00
13 May 00
4 Mar 01
21 Jun 00
19 Dec 02
19 Apr 01
27 Feb 01
31 May 00
4 Mar 01
27 Feb 01
+17s
+19s
+18s
+26s
+122s
+130s
+76s
+20s
+20s
+80s
19 Dec 02
On release +165s
Table 1f.
South Shelf Break (SSB)
Sensor
Air T
Microcat
Vemco
Radiometer
Microcat
Fluor/BS
SBE 39 Ti
SBE 39 Ti
SBE 39 plastic
SBE 39 Ti
MTR
Microcat
MTR
SBE 39 Ti
Seacat
RDI xducer
MTR
44º 12.97’ N, 124º 54.80’ W
Serial #
603
43
7316
151/045
39
067/048B
668
Depth, m
-3
2.4
4.5
7.2
9
12
13
∆t, min
7.5
2
12
60
2
15/30
1
231
661
667
3082
41
3099
665
43
67
3088
17
25
33
45
57
77
97
117
123
125
1
1
1
4
2
4
1
4
2
4
23
Water depth 127 m
Calibrations
19 Apr 01
28 Feb 01
19 Apr 01
Comments *
Lost
On spar -27s
28 Feb 01
-15s
1 Mar & 12 Mar 01
14 Apr 00
4 Mar 01
9 Mar 01
19 Dec 02
28 Feb 01
19 Dec 02
9 Mar 01
27 Feb 01
With pressure
+26s low batt
+20s
+18s
+21s
+59s
-30s
+14s
+17s
+77s
19 Dec 02
On release -5s
Table 1g.
Meteorological Buoy (M)
Sensor
Young Wind
Vaisala T/RH
Li-Cor
Pyranometers
Air T
Barometer
Microcat IM
SBE 39 Ti
SBE 39 Ti
SBE 39 plastic
SBE 39 Ti
Serial #
10332
T4810014
PY38217
PY32771
598
T3830003
1824
175
86
657
269
44º 59.76’ N, 124º 7.00’ W
Depth, m
-3.0
-2.1
-2.1
-2.1
-2.1
0
1.5
4
6
8
10
∆t, min
15
15
15
15
7.5
15
1
1
1
1
1
Water depth 79 m
Calibrations
New bearings
Spring 2001
16 Jun 01
28 Mar 01
19 Apr 01
16 Sep 98
Comments *
Lost on recovery
On bridle
+18s
+20s
+14s
+17s
26 May 00
31 May 00
4 Mar 01
21 Jun 00
Table 1h.
Sensor Name
SBE 39 plastic
SBE 39 Ti
Microcat
Microcat IM
Seacat
MTR
MDR
Vemco
Air T
Model / description
SBE 39 Temperature Recorder,
Celcon plastic case (350 m)
SBE 39 Temperature Recorder,
Titanium case (7000 m)
SBE 37-SM MicroCAT (Serial
interface & memory)
SBE 37-IM MicroCAT
(Inductive Modem)
SBE 16 Seacat C-T Recorder
Manufacturer
Sea-Bird
Electronics
Sea-Bird
Electronics
Sea-Bird
Electronics
Sea-Bird
Electronics
Sea-Bird
Electronics
NOAA
Alpha-Omega
Vemco Limited
Onset
T/RH
RDI xducer
Sontek xducer
Aquadopp 1M
Aquadopp 2M
Radiometer
Fluor/BS
Miniature Temp. Recorder
Miniature Data Recorder
Minilog TR (8-bit)
TBI32-05+37 StowAway
TidbiT Temp Logger
H08-032-08 Hobo Pro Series
ADCP 300 kHz
ADP 250 or 500 kHz
1 MHz Doppler profiler
2 MHz Doppler profiler
OCI-200 with MVD StorDat
ECO-DFLS/ECO-VSFS
Onset
RDI, Inc
Sontek, Inc
Nortek
Nortek
Satlantic
WET Labs, Inc.
Vaisala T/RH
Young Wind
Li-Cor
Baro Pressure
HMP45C
05106-5
LI200X / pyranometer
CS105
Vaisala, Inc.
RM Young
Li-Cor
Vaisala, Inc.
24
Variables measured
T, some with pressure
T, some with pressure
T, C, some with pressure
T, C
T, C, one with pressure
T
T, P
T
Air T
Air T, relative humidity
Velocity profiles
Velocity profiles
Velocity profiles
Velocity profiles
Downwelling Irradiance
Fluorescence / Optical
backscatter
Air T & relative humidity
Wind speed & direction
Solar radiation
Barometric pressure
Table 2a. Sampling Parameters for Acoustic Doppler (Current) Profilers:
South Mid-Shelf Mooring
Parameter
Manufacturer
Value
Comment
Sontek, Inc.
Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP)
Acoustic frequency
500 kHz / 3 beams
sequential pinging
Model / serial no.
Stand-alone ADP /
4038
Purchased by Levine / Boyd
CPU / DSP Versions
Slant angle
Cell size / number of cells
ADP 5.8 / DSP 4.0
25 degrees
2 m / 50 cells
Averaging interval
80 s
Number of pings / sample
160
Sampling interval
120 s
Blanking distance
1m
Coordinate system
ENU
Data filename (binary)
First profile
Last profile
Number of profiles
Location
Board Rev. D
Surface reflection at z = 9 m
2 W at 100% duty cycle
=0.75*120s*2Hz
duty cycle = 80/120 = 0.75
MSS01002.ADP
53,572,198 bytes
12:59:21 5/14/01 UTC Time of center of pinging; first good
15:19:21 8/31/01 UTC profile 21:51:21 5/16/01; last good
profile 19:53:21 8/29/01
78,551
75,542 good profiles
South Mid-Shelf
xducer at 94 m depth
44º 12.98’ N, 124º 28.10’ W; water
depth 98 m
Cell depths (m, center)
91, 89, 87, 85, … , 15, 13, 11, 9, 7 [43], 5 [44], 3 [45], 1 [46]
strikeout = unreliable [bin #]
Salinity used in csound
33.5 ppt
not very sensitive to S; 1.2 m/s per ppt
Auxiliary sensors
temperature, tilt (2),
compass heading
Battery type
lithium (3 packs)
Energy available (est.)
5443 Wh
= 3 x 21.6 V x 84 Ah
Energy used (est.)
3924 Wh
= 2 W x 0.75 x 109 day x 24 h/day
25
Table 2b. Sampling Parameters for Acoustic Doppler (Current) Profilers:
South Shelf-Break Mooring
Parameter
Manufacturer
Acoustic frequency
Model / serial no.
Slant angle
Value
RDI, Inc.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
(ADCP)
307.2 kHz / 4 beams
Workhorse / 0067
WB1
Narrow Band (Long Range)
4 m / 32 bins
25%
Number of pings / sample
10
Sampling interval
120 s
Blanking distance
1.76 m
Coordinate system
Earth
First profile
Last profile
2.0 cm/s std. dev.
6 m to center of 1st bin
SBS02000.001
18,884,608 bytes
07:59:00 5/15/01 UTC First good profile: 17:47:00 5/16/01
10:41:00 8/31/01 UTC Last good profile: 15:59:00 8/29/01
Number of profiles
Location
Firmware version: 8.35
Surface reflection at z = 8 m
% good minimum
Data filename (binary)
purchased by Levine / Boyd
20 degrees
Mode
Bin length / number of bins
Comment
77,842
75,547
South Shelf Break
xducer at 123 m depth
44º 12.97’ N, 124º 54.80’ W; water
depth 128 m
Bin depths (m, center)
117 [1], 113, 109, 105, …, 29, 25, 21, 17, 13 [43], 9 [44], 5
strikeout = unreliable [bin #] [45], 1 [46]
Salinity used in csound
33 ppt
not very sensitive to S; 1.2 m/s per ppt
Auxiliary sensors
Temperature, tilt (2),
compass heading
Battery type
Alkaline
source: RDI
Energy available (est.)
400 Wh
specified by RDI
Energy used (est.)
387 Wh
from RDI “Plan” program – 108.1
days; powered 30 more days @ 7ºC
before full memory; final: 32 VDC
26
Table 2c. Sampling Parameters for Acoustic Doppler (Current) Profilers:
North Shelf-break Mooring
Parameter
Manufacturer
Value
Comment
Sontek, Inc.
Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP)
Acoustic frequency
250 kHz / 3 beams
simultaneous pinging
Model / serial no.
Stand-alone ADP /
C12
purchased by Kosro
CPU / DSP Versions
Slant angle
Cell size / number of cells
ADP 6.0 / DSP 4.0
25 degrees
4 m / 36 cells
Averaging interval
Board Rev. D
Surface reflection at z = 12 m
3.2 W @ 100% duty cycle
50 s
Number of pings / sample
Sampling interval
120 s
Blanking distance
2m
Coordinate system
ENU
Data filename (binary)
First profile
Last profile
Number of profiles
Location
duty cycle = 50/120 = 0.42
NS105001.ADP
40,675,806 bytes
22:53:53 5/10/01 UTC Time of center of pinging; First good
20:23:35 8/28/01 UTC profile: 18:15:21 5/17/01; last good
profile: 23:59:21 8/27/01
79,135
73,613 good profiles
North Shelf-break
44º 59.99’ N, 124º 12.66’ W; water
xducer at 124 m depth depth 129 m
118 [1], 114, 110, 106, 102, …, 30, 26, 22, 18, 14 [27], 10 [28],
Cell depths (m, center)
strikeout = unreliable [bin #] 6 [29], 2 [30]
Salinity used in csound
33.5 ppt
not very sensitive to S; 1.2 m/s per ppt
Auxiliary sensors
temperature, tilt (2),
compass heading
Battery type
lithium (3 packs)
Energy available (est.)
5442 Wh
= 3 x 21.6 V x 84 Ah
Energy used (est.)
3548 Wh
= 3.2 W x 0.42 x 110 days x 24 h/day
27
Table 2b. Sampling Parameters for Acoustic Doppler (Current) Profilers:
South Inner Shelf Mooring
Parameter
Manufacturer
Acoustic frequency
Model / serial no.
Slant angle
Value
RDI, Inc.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
(ADCP)
307.2 kHz / 4 beams
Workhorse / 1944
20 degrees
Mode
Bin length / number of bins
WB0
Surface reflection at z = 3 m
Broad Band
15
Sampling interval
120 s
Blanking distance
1.76 m
Coordinate system
Earth
1.8 cm/s ensemble std. dev.
4 m to center of 1st bin
ISS02000.000
49,865,391 bytes
07:59:00 5/15/01 UTC First good profile: 07:01:00 5/17/01
04:37:00 8/30/01 UTC Last good profile: 22:47:00 8/29/01
Number of profiles
Location
Firmware version: 16.12
25%
Number of pings / sample
First profile
Last profile
purchased by Levine / Boyd / Kosro
2 m / 25 bins
% good minimum
Data filename (binary)
Comment
76,940
75,384 good profiles
South Inner Shelf
xducer at 46 m depth
44º 12.99’ N, 124º10.35’ W; water
depth 50 m
Bin depths (m, center)
42, 40 [2], 38, 36, …, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6 [19], 4 [20], 2 [21], 0
strikeout = unreliable [bin #] [22]
Salinity used in csound
33 ppt
not very sensitive to S; 1.2 m/s per ppt
Auxiliary sensors
Temperature, tilt (2),
compass heading
Battery type
Alkaline
source: RDI
Energy available (est.)
400 Wh
specified by RDI
Energy used (est.)
374 Wh
from RDI “Plan” program – 106.9
days; powered 30 more days @ 7ºC
before full memory; final: 32 VDC
28
Table 2e. Sampling Parameters for Acoustic Doppler (Current) Profilers:
North Mid-Shelf Mooring
Parameter
Manufacturer
Acoustic frequency
Model / serial no.
Slant angle
Value
RDI, Inc.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
(ADCP)
307.2 kHz / 4 beams
Workhorse / 1969
20 degrees
Mode
Bin length / number of bins
WB0
Surface reflection at z=5 m
Broad Band
13
Sampling interval
120 s
Blanking distance
1.76 m
Coordinate system
Earth
1.9 cm/s ensemble std. dev.
4 m to center of 1st bin
MSN02000.000
7:59:00 5/15/01 UTC
4:05:00 8/31/01 UTC
Number of profiles
Location
Firmware version: 16.12
25%
Number of pings / sample
First profile
Last profile
purchased by Levine / Boyd / Kosro
2 m / 40 bins
% good minimum
Data filename (binary)
Comment
77,644
73,614,783 bytes
First good profile: 00:01:00 5/16/01
last good profile: 20:08:59 8/28/01
75,485 good profiles
North Mid-Shelf
xducer at 76 m depth
45º 0.01’ N, 124º 7.00’ W; water
depth 80 m
Bin depths (m, center)
72, 70 [2], 68, …, 16, 14, 12, 10 [32], 8 [33], 6 [34], 4 [35], 2
strikeout = unreliable [bin #] [36]
Salinity used in csound
33 ppt
not very sensitive to S; 1.2 m/s per ppt
Auxiliary sensors
Temperature, tilt (2),
Compass heading
Battery type
Alkaline
source: RDI
Energy available (est.)
400 Wh
specified by RDI
Energy used (est.)
379 Wh
from RDI “Plan” program – 107.8
days; powered 30 more days @ 7ºC
before full memory; final: 32 VDC
29
Table 2f. Sampling Parameters for Acoustic Doppler (Current) Profilers:
North Mid-Shelf Mooring
Parameter
Manufacturer
Acoustic frequency
Value
Comment
Nortek
Aquadopp Profiler
2MHz / 3 beams
purchased by Levine / Boyd / Kosro
Model / serial no.
AQP / 0275
Firmware version: 1.06
Slant angle
25 degrees
Bottom reflect. at z = 79 m (0.85 mab)
Power level
High
Cell size / number of cells
0.5 m / 23 bins
Profile interval
120 sec
Average interval
16 sec
Measurement load
22%
Blanking distance
0.22 m
Coordinate system
Earth
Data filename (binary)
First profile
Last profile
msnbbl
10:21:52 5/15/01 UTC First good profile: 05:39:50 5/21/01
6:07:55 8/22/01 UTC sampling ended early due to fully
discharged battery pack
Number of (good) profiles
Location
0.72 m to center of 1st bin
66975
Velocity Precision: vertical = 1.1 cm/s,
horizontal = 3.3 cm/s (per AquaPro)
North Mid-Shelf
xducer at 71 m depth
45º 0.01’ N, 124º 7.00’ W; water
depth 80 m; downward-looking
71.75, 72.25, 72.75, 73.25, …, 75.75, 76.25, 76.75, 77.25,
Bin depths (m, center)
strikeout = unreliable [bin #] 77.75 [13], 78.25 [14], 78.75 [15], 79.25 [16], 79.75 [17]
Salinity used in csound
29 ppt
not very sensitive to S; 1.2 m/s per ppt
Auxiliary sensors
temperature, tilt (2),
compass heading,
pressure
Battery type
Lithium
source: NortekUSA
Energy available (est.)
175 Wh
specified by: NortekUSA
Energy used (est.)
149 (140) Wh
99 days (93 day good record only), Per
Nortek AquaPro software
30
Table 2g. Sampling Parameters for Acoustic Doppler (Current) Profilers:
North Mid-Shelf Mooring
Parameter
Manufacturer
Acoustic frequency
Value
Comment
Nortek
Aquadopp Profiler
1MHz / 3 beams
purchased by Levine / Boyd / Kosro
Model / serial no.
AQP / 0360
Firmware version: 1.06
Slant angle
25 degrees
Surface reflection at z = 1.7 m
Power level
High
Cell size / number of cells
1.0 m / 19 bins
Profile interval
480 sec
Average interval
130 sec
Measurement load
12%
Blanking distance
0.55 m
1.55 m to center of 1st bin
Wave mode (burst
sampling)
Enabled
512 samples per burst / 129600 sec
interval / 2 Hz sampling rate / 2.0 m
cell size / Low power
Coordinate system
Earth
Data filename (binary)
msnsrf
First profile
Last profile
10:21:52 5/15/01 UTC First good profile: 01:34:54 6/07/01;
7:58:56 8/10/01 UTC sampling ended early due to fully
discharged battery pack
Number of (good) profiles
Location
11569
Velocity Precision: vertical = 0.9 cm/s,
horizontal = 2.6 cm/s (per AquaPro)
North Mid-Shelf
xducer at 18 m depth
45º 0.01’ N, 124º 7.00’ W; water
depth 80 m; upward-looking
16.5, 15.5, 14.5, 13.5, …, 6.5, 5.5, 4.5, 3.5, 2.5 [15], 1.5 [16],
Bin depths (m, center)
strikeout = unreliable [bin #] 0.5 [17]
csound
1525 m/s
Auxiliary sensors
temperature, tilt (2),
compass heading,
pressure
Battery type
Lithium
source: NortekUSA
Energy available (est.)
175 Wh
Specified by: NortekUSA
Energy used (est.)
146 (109) Wh
87 days (65 day good record only), Per
Nortek AquaPro software
31
Table 2h. Sampling Parameters for Acoustic Doppler (Current) Profilers:
North Inner Shelf Mooring
Parameter
Manufacturer
Acoustic frequency
Model / serial no.
Slant angle
Value
RDI, Inc.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
(ADCP)
307.2 kHz / 4 beams
Workhorse / 1847
20 degrees
Mode
Bin length / number of bins
WB0
Surface reflection at z = 2 m
Broad Band
15
Sampling interval
120 s
Blanking distance
1.76 m
Coordinate system
Earth
1.8 cm/s ensemble std. dev.
4 m to center of 1st bin
ISN02000.000
49.807,360 bytes
07:59:00 5/15/01 UTC First good profile: 04:01:00 5/16/01
01:49:00 8/30/01 UTC Last good profile: 21:05:00 8/27/01
Number of profiles
Location
Firmware version: 16.12
25%
Number of pings / sample
First profile
Last profile
purchased by Levine / Boyd / Kosro
2 m / 40 bins
% good minimum
Data filename (binary)
Comment
76,856
74,673 good profiles
North Inner Shelf
xducer at 46 m depth
45º 0.04’ N, 124º 4.10’ W; water
depth 50 m
Bin depths (m, center)
42, 40 [2], 38, 36 [4], 34, …, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8 [18], 6 [19], 4
strikeout = unreliable [bin #] [20], 2 [21], 0 [22]
Salinity used in csound
33 ppt
not very sensitive to S; 1.2 m/s per ppt
Auxiliary sensors
Temperature, tilt (2),
Compass heading
Battery type
Alkaline
source: RDI
Energy available (est.)
400 Wh
specified by RDI
Energy used (est.)
373 Wh
from RDI “Plan” program – 106.8
days; powered 30 more days @ 7ºC
before full memory; final: 32 VDC
32
Table 3. Meteorological Buoy Components (purchased from Campbell Scientific Inc.)
Sensors:
Air Temperature & Relative Humidity
Wind speed & Direction
Barometric Pressure
Pyranometer (solar radiation) (2)
Buoy Compass
Model HMP45C; Vaisala, Inc.
Model 05103-5; RM Young
Model CS105; Li-Cor
Model LI200X; Li-Cor
Model C100; KVH
Controller:
Data Logger
Model CR10X; Campbell Scientific Inc.
Sampling Program (COAST2) – written by Dennis Root
Data are averaged over 15 minutes, using samples taken every
5 seconds (wind speed, vane direction & buoy compass)
1 minute (air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure & radiation)
Data from Microcat IM is polled for temperature and conductivity every 15 minutes
Battery voltage is sampled and recorded once per day
Communication:
Cell phone package
Model CDM100; Motorola
Powered on between 1600 and 1700 UT each day
33
Table 4. Day of year calendar for 2001.
Day # 1
Day # 2
JAN
--1
2
FEB
--32
33
MAR
--60
61
APR
--91
92
MAY
--121
122
JUN
--152
153
JUL
--182
183
AUG
--213
214
SEP
--244
245
OCT
--274
275
NOV
--305
306
DEC
--335
336
Day # 1
Day # 2
Day # 3
Day # 4
3
4
34
35
62
63
93
94
123
124
154
155
184
185
215
216
246
247
276
277
307
308
337
338
Day # 3
Day # 4
Day # 5
Day # 6
5
6
36
37
64
65
95
96
125
126
156
157
186
187
217
218
248
249
278
279
309
310
339
340
Day # 5
Day # 6
Day # 7
Day # 8
7
8
38
39
66
67
97
98
127
128
158
159
188
189
219
220
250
251
280
281
311
312
341
342
Day # 7
Day # 8
Day # 9
Day #10
9
10
40
41
68
69
99
100
129
130
160
161
190
191
221
222
252
253
282
283
313
314
343
344
Day # 9
Day #10
Day #11
Day #12
11
12
42
43
70
71
101
102
131
132
162
163
192
193
223
224
254
255
284
285
315
316
345
346
Day #11
Day #12
Day #13
Day #14
13
14
44
45
72
73
103
104
133
134
164
165
194
195
225
226
256
257
286
287
317
318
347
348
Day #13
Day #14
Day #15
Day #16
15
16
46
47
74
75
105
106
135
136
166
167
196
197
227
228
258
259
288
289
319
320
349
350
Day #15
Day #16
Day #17
Day #18
17
18
48
49
76
77
107
108
137
138
168
169
198
199
229
230
260
261
290
291
321
322
351
352
Day #17
Day #18
Day #19
Day #20
19
20
50
51
78
79
109
110
139
140
170
171
200
201
231
232
262
263
292
293
323
324
353
354
Day #19
Day #20
Day #21
Day #22
21
22
52
53
80
81
111
112
141
142
172
173
202
203
233
234
264
265
294
295
325
326
355
356
Day #21
Day #22
Day #23
Day #24
23
24
54
55
82
83
113
114
143
144
174
175
204
205
235
236
266
267
296
297
327
328
357
358
Day #23
Day #24
Day #25
Day #26
25
26
56
57
84
85
115
116
145
146
176
177
206
207
237
238
268
269
298
299
329
330
359
360
Day #25
Day #26
Day #27
Day #28
27
28
58
59
86
87
117
118
147
148
178
179
208
209
239
240
270
271
300
301
331
332
361
362
Day #27
Day #28
Day #29
Day #30
29
30
88
89
119
120
149
150
180
181
210
211
241
242
272
273
302
303
333
334
363
364
Day #29
Day #30
Day #31
31
90
212
243
365
Day #31
151
34
304
Table 5. Deployment Cruise CTD Log
Station
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Station Name
File Name
Latitude
Longitude
CH-1
CH-2
CH-3
CP-2
CP-3
CP-4
CP-5
CP-6
CP-8
CP-10
CP-11
CP-12
CH-2
CH-3
CH-4
CH-5
CH-6
CH-7
CH-8
CH-9
CH-10
TS-1
TS-2
TS-3
TS-4
TS-5
TS-6
TS-7
TS-8
TS-9
TS-10
NH-45
NH-35
NH-25
ch1
ch2
ch3
cp2
cp3
cp4
cp5
cp6
cp8
cp10
cp11
cp12
cast13
cast14
cast15
cast16
cast17
cast18
cast19
cast20
cast21
cast22
cast23
cast24
cast25
cast26
cast27
cast28
cast29
cast30
cast31
cast32
cast 33
nh25
44 59.95
45 00.00
44 59.93
44 12.91
44 13.55
44 12.92
44 13.48
44 13.48
44 12.96
44 13.52
44 13.52
44 13.53
44 59.73
44 59.87
44 59.97
44 59.93
45 00.14
45 00.01
44 59.99
45 00.02
45 00.01
44 55.49
44 55.48
44 55.48
44 55.48
44 55.46
44 55.47
44 55.49
44 55.49
44 55.51
44 55.51
44 39.10
44 39.12
44 39.14
124 02.45
124 04.24
124 07.26
124 10.57
124 18.52
124 28.34
124 36.44
124 44.73
124 55.03
124 57.54
125 00.02
125 02.08
124 04.34
124 07.45
124 10.06
124 12.84
124 18.94
124 27.04
124 44.05
124 52.49
125 01.07
125 08.18
125 08.18
125 08.18
125 08.17
125 08.18
125 08.21
125 08.21
125 08.21
125 08.21
125 08.17
125 07.16
124 53.02
124 38.93
35
Date (UTC) Time (UTC)
2001
16-May
3:53
16-May
4:21
16-May
4:54
17-May
1:14
17-May
2:07
17-May
3:09
17-May
3:58
17-May
4:45
17-May
5:49
17-May
6:27
17-May
7:18
17-May
8:08
17-May
20:49
17-May
21:21
17-May
21:48
17-May
22:23
17-May
23:49
18-May
0:42
18-May
2:08
18-May
3:16
18-May
4:28
18-May
6:00
18-May
7:02
18-May
8:00
18-May
9:00
18-May
10:01
18-May
11:00
18-May
12:00
18-May
16:13
18-May
16:59
18-May
17:59
19-May
9:14
19-May
11:00
19-May
12:33
Water
Depth (m)
30
50
80
52
81
100
108
107
138
349
525
944
52
83
105
130
173
320
538
816
969
1268
1268
1254
1254
1254
1272
1272
1267
1265
1265
721
443
298
Table 6. Recovery Cruise CTD Log
Station
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Station Name
File Name
Latitude
Longitude
CH-5
CH-6
CH-7
CH-8
CH-9
CH-10
CP-2
CP-3
CP-4
CP-5
CP-6
CP-7
CP-8
CP-9
CP-10
CP-11
CP-12
CP-aircraft
CP-aircraft
SL-1
SL-2
SL-3
cast01
cast02
cast03
cast04
cast05
cast06
cast07
cast08
cast09
cast10
cast11
cast12
cast13
cast14
cast15
cast16
cast17
cast18
cast19
cast20
cast21
cast22
45 00.00
44 59.98
44 59.99
45 00.01
44 59.74
44 59.99
44 13.49
44 13.49
44 13.45
44 13.46
44 13.48
44 13.51
44 13.51
44 13.46
44 13.42
44 13.44
44 13.51
44 13.61
44 13.48
44 20.00
44 26.48
44 32.98
124 13.51
124 20.02
124 27.00
124 44.02
124 51.97
125 01.11
124 10.70
124 18.49
124 28.11
124 36.40
124 44.72
124 49.99
124 54.81
124 56.20
124 57.52
124 59.97
125 02.08
125 19.92
125 19.91
124 52.98
125 20.00
124 50.01
36
Date (UTC) Time (UTC)
2001
28-Aug
3:23
28-Aug
4:15
28-Aug
5:13
28-Aug
6:49
28-Aug
8:12
28-Aug
9:37
30-Aug
1:19
30-Aug
2:11
30-Aug
3:07
30-Aug
4:02
30-Aug
4:55
30-Aug
5:39
30-Aug
6:21
30-Aug
6:54
30-Aug
7:32
30-Aug
8:17
30-Aug
9:10
30-Aug
20:18
30-Aug
20:58
31-Aug
5:54
31-Aug
8:37
31-Aug
12:27
Water
Depth (m)
139
183
320
525
760
968
52
81
100
109
107
106
139
167
328
519
950
3003
3003
560
2898
438
Inner Shelf
T
Mid-Shelf
T
C
0
10
20
30
40
Rad
F/B
p
Shelf Break
C
T
Met
Buoy
p
Rad
F/B
C
p
p
Fig. 2
0
Rad
F/B
10
20
30
B
40
38
50
50
60
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
T = temperature
C = conductivity
p = pressure
Rad = radiation
F = fluorometer
B = backscatter
p
B
80
North
= North Mooring Line
70
90
South
= South Mooring Line
COAST Moorings -- Upwelling 2001
100
110
120
130
Fig. 4a
North Shelf-Break Mooring
-3
Samelson-T&T/RH 7.5/10 #599/454172
0
Surface marker float (light, radar reflector)
2.4
T - SBE 39 plastic 1 #655
4.5
Specta line with weights and floats
T - Vemco 12 #7295
Depth, m Wire rope Element
distance
9.2
Top of 37" JimBuoy
(Argos alarm #28945)
Letelier--Radiometer #150/#044
Top of S/ML/S
10
10.3
0
11
14
15
19
27
35
47
47
59
79
99
119
0.7
3.7
4.7
8.7
16.7
24.7
36.7
36.7
48.7
68.7
88.7
108.7
123.7
113.4
124
124.3
126
Wt air
lbs
Top of 3/8" wire rope
wire length =
T,C,p- Microcat 1 #1413
Cowles--Fluor/BS 15/30 #070/#051B
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #268
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #265
T - SBE 39 plastic 1 #660
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #267
T - MTR 4 #3094
T - MTR 4 #3098
T,C - Seacat 4 #51
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #87
T - SBE 39 plastic 1 #658
T,C - Seacat 4 #40
128.2
129.2
320
113.4
Tension
lbs
700
700
-5
695
-79.38
615.62
-21
594.62
-5
589.62
-62
527.62
-6.1
521.52
-2125
-1603.48
Bottom of wire rope
S/ML/S
Top of Doppler brack
Trans - Sontek 250 4 #C83
Bottom of Doppler brack
S/ML/S
127.2
Wt water Net
lbs
lbs
Top of release #25429
T - MTR 4 #3084
Bottom of release
Bottom of chain
(1m)
Bottom of anchor
40
Fig. 4b
Met Buoy
-2.1
Air T, RH, wind, Baro, solar radiation (2)
-2.1
Samelson--T 7.5 #598
Cell phone, Argos ptt #06815
Surface Buoy (light, radar reflector)
0
1.5
Depth, m
T,C - Microcat IM 1 #1824
Element
Wt air
lbs
Wt water Net
lbs
lbs
Tension
lbs
Bottom of bridle
2500
Swivel, S/ML/S
4
6
8
10
1/2" long link chain
(est 115 m chain)
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #175
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 # 86
T - SBE 39 plastic 1 #657
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #269
-701.5
1798.5
-62
1736.5
Weight
0
1736.5
Bottom chain
0
1736.5
-2125
-388.5
Bottom of chain
Release #14742
Bottom of anchor
41
Fig. 4c
North Mid-Shelf Mooring
0
Surface marker float (light, radar reflector)
Specta line with weights and floats
Depth, m Wire rope Element
distance
10.2
Top of 37" JimBuoy
(Argos alarm #23062)
Letelier--Radiometer #043
Top of S/ML/S
11
11.3
Wt air
lbs
0
Wt water Net
lbs
lbs
320
Top of 3/8" wire rope
wire length =
64.5
Tension
lbs
700
700
-5
695
-45.15
649.85
12
15
16
18
20
28
42
42
56
65
70
71
0.7
3.7
4.7
6.7
8.7
16.7
30.7
30.7
44.7
53.7
58.7
59.7
T,C - Microcat 1 #1817
Cowles--Fluor/BS 15/30 #069/#050B
T,p --SBE39 1 #663
Aquadopp -- 1 Mhz #2/01
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #263
T,C - Microcat 1 #1818
T - MTR 4#3079
T - MTR 4 #3080
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #168
Chase -- BS 75 #053B
T,C,p -- Seacat 4 #50
Aquadopp -- 2Mhz #1/01
75.8
64.5
76.1
Bottom of wire rope
S/ML/S
top of Doppler frame
76.5
Trans - RDI 300 2 - #1969
T - MTR on frame 4 #3010
76.8
Bottom of Doppler brack
-81
-5
568.85
563.85
S/ML/S
Top of release #25438
T - MTR 4 #3085
Bottom of release
-62
501.85
-6.1
495.75
-2125
-1629.25
78
79
80
Bottom of chain
(1m)
Bottom of anchor
42
Fig. 4d
North Inner Shelf
-3
Samelson-T&T/RH 7.5/10 #604/454867
0
Surface marker float (light, radar reflector)
2.4
T - SBE39-plastic 1 #656
4.5
Specta line with weights and floats
T - Vemco 12 #7329
Depth, m Wire rope Element
distance
10.2
Top of 37" JimBuoy
(Argos alarm #29061)
Letelier--Radiometer #153/#047
Top of S/ML/S
11
11.3
Wt air
lbs
0
Top of 3/8" wire rope
wire length =
320
34.5
12
15
16
20
28
35
40
0.7
3.7
4.7
8.7
16.7
23.7
28.7
T,C Microcat 1 #1820
Cowles--Fluor/BS 15/30 #066/#047B
T,p -- MDR 4 #116
T- SBE 39 Ti 1 #264
T -SBE 39 Ti 1 #666
Chase -- BS 75 #054B
T,C - Microcat 1 #1822
45.8
34.5
Bottom of wire rope
S/ML/S
top of transducer
46.1
Wt water Net
lbs
lbs
Tension
lbs
700
700
-5
695
-24.15
670.85
-21
649.85
-5
644.85
-62
582.85
-6.1
576.75
-2125
-1548.25
Trans - RDI 300 2 #1847
46.8
Bottom of Doppler brack
S/ML/S
48
49
50
Top of release #14505
T - MTR 4 #3113
Bottom of release
Bottom of chain
(1m)
Bottom of anchor
43
Fig. 4e
South Shelf-Break Mooring
-3
Samelson--T 7.5 #603
0
Surface marker float (light, radar reflector)
2.4
T,C - Microcat #43
4.5
Specta line with weights and floats
T - Vemco 12 #7316
Depth, m Wire rope Element
distance
7.2
Wt air
lbs
Top of 37" JimBuoy
(Argos alarm #28954?)
Letelier--Radiometer #151
Top of S/ML/S
8
320
8.3
0
9
12
13
17
25
33
45
57
77
97
117
0.7
3.7
4.7
8.7
16.7
24.7
36.7
48.7
68.7
88.7
108.7
Top of 3/8" wire rope
wire length =
T,C - Microcat 2 #39
Cowles--Fluor/BS 15/30 #067/#048B
T,p -- SBE39 1 #668
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #231
T - SBE 39 plastic 1 #661
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #667
T - MTR 4 #3082
T,C - Microcat 2 #41
T - MTR 4 #3099
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #665
T,C - Seacat 4 #43
123
114.7
Bottom of wire rope
123.3
S/ML/S
Top of Doppler frame
Trans - RDI 300 2 - #67
124
Bottom of Doppler brack
125.2
126.2
127.2
Wt water Net
lbs
lbs
S/ML/S
Top of release #25431
T - MTR 4 #3088
Bottom of release
Bottom of chain
(1m)
Bottom of anchor
44
114.7
Tension
lbs
700
700
-5
695
-80.29
614.71
-21
593.71
-5
588.71
-62
526.71
-6.1
520.61
-2125
-1604.39
Fig. 4f
South Mid-Shelf Mooring
-3
Samelson--T 7.5 #600
0
Surface marker float (light, radar reflector)
2.4
T - SBE 39 plastic 1 #654
4.5
Specta line with weights and floats
T - Vemco 12 #7300
Depth, m Wire rope Element
distance
8.2
Wt air
lbs
Top of 37" JimBuoy
(Argos alarm #28632)
Letelier--Radiometer #154/#48
Top of S/ML/S
9
9.3
0
10
13
14
18
26
40
40
56
72
88
0.7
3.7
4.7
8.7
16.7
30.7
30.7
46.7
62.7
78.7
T,C - Microcat 1 #1821
Cowles--Fluor/BS 15/30 #068/#049B
T,p -- SBE39 1 #662
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #270
T,C - Microcat 1 #1819
T - MTR 4 #3086
T - MTR 4 #3073
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #88
T - MTR 4 #3078
T,C - Seacat 4 #41
93.1
83.8
Bottom of wire rope
S/ML/S
top of Doppler frame
93.4
93.65
95
Top of 3/8" wire rope
wire length =
97.2
98.2
320
83.8
Tension
lbs
700
700
-5
695
-45.15
649.85
-81
568.85
-5
563.85
-62
501.85
-6.1
495.75
-2125
-1629.25
Trans -Sontek 500 4 #4038
Bottom of Doppler brack
S/ML/S
96.2
Wt water Net
lbs
lbs
Top of release #14507
T - MTR 4 #3090
Bottom of release
Bottom of chain
(1m)
Bottom of anchor
45
Fig. 4g
South Inner Shelf
Samelson--T 7.5 #602
-3
0
Surface marker float (light, radar reflector)
2.4
T - SBE 39 plastic1 #659
4.5
Specta line with weights and floats
T - Vemco 12 #7296
Depth, m
Wire rope Element
distance
10.2
Top of 37" JimBuoy
(Argos alarm #26906)
Letelier--Radiometer #152/#046
11
11.3
320
Top of S/ML/S
0
Top of 3/8" wire rope
wire length =
12
15
16
20
28
40
0.7
3.7
4.7
8.7
16.7
28.7
T,C - Microcat 1 #1823
45.8
34.5
Bottom of wire rope
S/ML/S
top of transducer
46.1
Wt air
lbs
34.5
Wt water Net
lbs
lbs
Tension
lbs
700
700
-5
695
-24.15
670.85
-21
649.85
-5
644.85
Cowles--Fluor/BS 15/30 #071/#052B
T,p -- MDR 4 #100
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #235
T - SBE 39 Ti 1 #664
T,C - Microcat 1 #1816
Trans - RDI 300 2 #1944
46.8
Bottom of Doppler brack
S/ML/S
Top of release #25432
T - MTR 4 #3095
48
Bottom of release
-62
582.85
49
Bottom of chain
(1m)
Bottom of anchor
-6.1
576.75
-2125
-1548.25
50
46
Fig 7
Heading Dependent Heading Difference: 1 MHz (red), 2 MHz (blue)
20
15
θNortek
10
δ θ = θstand
5
0
5
10
15
0
50
100
150
200
250
Magnetic Heading θNortek
49
300
350
COAST 2001 MOORING
DEPLOYMENT and RECOVERY CRUISE
CTD CASTS
Profiles of potential temperature (θ), salinity (S), and potential density (σθ) are
shown for each of the 34 deployment cruise and 22 recovery cruise CTD casts conducted.
For the purpose of comparison, profiles are plotted collectively for: CH line deployment
casts, CP line deployment casts, CH line recovery casts, CP recovery casts, NH line
deployment casts, and the slope (SL) recovery casts. Separate plots are shown for the
upper 200m and deeper (>150m) portions of these profiles, together with a schematic
showing the water depth and offshore locations of the casts. Profiles of θ, S, and σθ are
also shown for the “time series” casts conducted during the deployment cruise. The time
series data are shown as ensemble mean profiles and anomalies of each property. For
reference, GMT times of the casts are shown on each anomaly plot. Our goal was to
obtain a 12-hour sequence of hourly profiles. The larger temporal gap following time
series cast 7 (TS-7) resulted from the need to re-terminate the CTD connection after the
CTD and some cable were laid out on the bottom.
63
COAST 2001 MOORINGS
40 HOUR LOW-PASS FILTERED
TEMPERATURE
40 hour low-pass filtered temperatures from each of the six COAST
oceanographic moorings are shown with each sensor identified by color. The
depth of each sensor is shown on the right hand side of each panel.
No air temperature is available from the South Shelf Break mooring due to
instrument loss.
85
88
COAST 2001 MOORINGS
1 HOUR LOW-PASS FILTERED TEMPERATURE
1 hour low-pass filtered temperatures, subsampled to 4 minutes, are drawn
at 18 days/panel with each sensor identified by color. The depth of each sensor is
drawn on the right hand side of each page at a height proportional to its position
in the water column at that mooring. Data from the adjacent Meteorological &
North Mid Shelf Moorings have been combined. Some upper water sensors have
been omitted for the purpose of visual simplification of the pages. Those sensors
not shown are indicated by a checked box on the right side of the page. These
sensors are shown, however, in the indicated color on the higher resolution plots
available on the CD. The only water temperatures not shown on the CD are those
from the Doppler velocity profiling instruments. Although not shown here, data
are available from redundant temperature sensors at 42m on the North Mid Shelf
mooring, 40m on the South Mid Shelf mooring, and 47m on the North Shelf
Break moorings.
Air temperatures, taken from Roger Samelson’s primary temperature
sensors, are shown as dotted lines. Air temperature is not available on the South
Shelf Break mooring due to loss of the instrument.
89
108
COAST 2001 MOORINGS
COMMON-DEPTH TEMPERATURES
40 hour low-pass filtered temperatures are shown at similar depths among the 2 lines
of 3 moorings each. North and south mooring lines are plotted on separate pages, with
two sets of comparison plots per page:
Air Temp & 2m
11m & 16m
28m & 40m
Also shown is one page of near bottom temperatures.
Lines are color coded according to position; shelf break – blue/purple, mid shelf green, and inner shelf - red/orange. For the most part, temperature from only one sensor
per mooring is shown in each plot. However additional lines are shown in some cases, to
emphasize the cross-shelf differences between moorings. The 16m time series from both
the North and South Mid Shelf moorings were truncated due to battery exhaustion.
109
COAST 2001 MOORINGS
NEAR-SURFACE TEMPERATURE
Unfiltered air, 2m , and 10-12m temperatures are shown for each mooring
at 36 days/panel for each mooring. North and south mooring lines are plotted separately.
No plots are shown for the South Shelf Break mooring, for which there is no air
temperature data due to loss of the instrument.
117
124