Faculty of Economics Management and Accountancy www.um.edu.mt/fema/publicpolicy 1 Table of Contents Introduction note by the Head of Department 3 Feature – Amanda Bartolo 4 Graduates of the Department of Public Policy 7 Seminar on Historical Representations and Political Identities 8 A seminar on the Encylical Letter ‘Caritas in Veritate’ and the global economic crisis 9 Malta Journalism Awards 9 Robert Micallef talks to Professor Godfrey Pirotta 10 Women and Politics: Presence and Participation in the European Union 14 First year Public Policy students 15 Visit to National Archives 15 Family Policy in Malta: Practical Aspects 16 The Role of the Social Partners in the context of the EU 2020 17 2 Introduction note by the Head of Department vulnerable to harsh legislation, to well for a growing range of jobs; discrimination, and, beyond that, to form you as a to hatred, to indifferent public officials, to a public leader. which closes is mind and heart to the stranger in its midst. This is an opportunity to thank all my colleagues - the academic and I am reminded of the of the tremendous staff and the that Department's students - for your public policy specialists generous cooperation throughout meet daily: our subject the past academic year. I look back addresses some of with a deep sense of satisfaction at the most exhilarating all that we have done together. All developments and some of the full-time academic staff, several should have returned from a brief the most abject miseries in part-time lecturers and students conference in Brussels. An EU- society. Very little falls outside the have funded project - DEVAS - will interest of public policy - whether it conferences or projects of national launch its final report following an be space exploration or conditions or international importance. We are EU-wide investigation of conditions in prisons, economic recesssion or as engaged in public life, in Malta of detention of vulnerable asylum work-life balance. Engaging with and in Europe, as never before. seekers, engaging in dialogue with public policy as an academic the European Parliament and with discipline and as a profession I wish each one of you policy-makers from the member requires people who combine a a restful summer. May states. A large number of NGOs, rigorous this extended break from many of them sponsored by or compassionate affiliated with Churches, undertook integrity with a concern for the the project, which addresses one of common good. Students who are Europe's most significant, most interested in the world around them delicate policy concern. DEVAS and who want to help shape its Edward Warrington reminds us that, even in affluent, future, are invited to consider opting Head of Department stable, Europe, for Public Policy as a major area of remain study. We promise to prepare you By the time newsletter has this been delivered to your mailboxes, I thousands well-governed of people contrasts administrative intellect heart, with a personal ordinary been invited routines to lead renew your minds and spirits. 3 Feature - Always on the move... AMANDA BARTOLO is the person who keeps us all sane! Her efficient management of the affairs of the Department helps us to carry out our responsibilities in the best manner possible. Interview by Mario Thomas Vassallo Amanda is one of those persons that you cannot miss out. And what she does? She is always there when the need arises. Lecturers, Amanda joined the University of Malta in 1998 and at that students, administrators and visitors alike seek to contact time she was posted as at the Junior College. After five her all day long. Whether you need a change in venue or and a half years, in 2004, she was reassigned to the else seeking advice which tutorial group to join, Amanda is Departments of Public Policy and Social Policy/Work which always right on the spot to help you solve your problems. both form part of FEMA. “The change was not a simple one She is at the centre of the Department’s operations and her for me”, recounted Amanda, “I had to come to terms with input is invaluable for all the stakeholders involved. Her the policies and procedures of the University. At the Junior timid, yet assertive personality is indeed a great asset for College there are no credit systems and faculties. Here is a us all. In this issue of our newsletter, we decided to get to different story. Once I have been posted in the Department, know her a little bit better: who she is? What she thinks? I found myself automatically responsible for all the operations and interactions involved. I had to take ownership of all the bits and pieces forming the Department, but this doesn’t bother me at all. I enjoy working on my own, setting my targets and getting satisfaction from achieving self imposed deadlines.” However, Amanda is not the type of person who doesn’t like to socialise with other colleagues. She explained to me that during the academic year, particularly during exams’ periods, she joins her counterparts in the other FEMA departments and work as one team. “So, I am proud that my job provides me both with opportunities to work on my own initiative and to share my know-how and resources with my team mates in the Faculty”. When asked about which part of her job she considers the most challenging, she hastily replied that the coordination of the first year students of the B.Com programme is the most hectic. The numbers are so large, that as soon as you try to accommodate even a minor change, you run the 4 risk of breaking the whole system. “When students come to they usually do), then it’s up to her to try and find the best me with various difficulties, including lecture clashes, I solution in the shortest time possible by contacting the have to deal with the situation on a case by case basis. I lecturer concerned. Logistics are crucial in guaranteeing a believe in fairness and, thus, cannot devise a solution student-friendly environment during this period when many where some will benefit at the cost of others”, Amanda students suffer from anxiety and stress. Once the invigilator stated firmly. She feels sad whenever students or lecturers calls ‘time out’, there is a whole process which ultimately are adamant about their needs without taking into leads to the insertion of results in the e-sims. But before consideration the whole scenario and the organisational this can take place, Amanda and her colleagues are restraints she has to work within. On the other hand, she immersed had seen the Department expanding over the years by conversions, double-checking, and coordinating examiners’ recruiting new full and part-time lecturers, many of whom meetings. “This involves a high degree of teamwork and are still young and continuing their studies at a Doctoral we have to honour deadlines as scheduled, but since we level. In the past year, Amanda was also part of the team have all established an excellent working relationship, the who devised an action plan to promote the Department job becomes a bit easier for us all”. in strict procedures, including number among potential students, recruiting agencies and the community. The most exciting times for Amanda are the examinations’ periods which involve a great degree of back and front office work. Prior to the exam period, she has to compile the papers, coordinate examiners’ meetings and, after making the necessary amendments, refers the paper to the Faculty office. When exams are being held, Amanda visits each and every venue where Departmental exams are being held and, if students come up with problems (which With the scope of getting to know better how Amanda spends a day in the office, I asked her about her activities during the different times of the day… Early morning 6:50am - waking-up time. There was a time when Amanda used to go walking at 4:30am but nowadays she prefers to do that later on in the day. Usually she prepares her work lunch the evening before, but if not, she takes with her some ready made snacks that do no not require any preparation. She cleans and feeds Holly, her adorable flat-face pug, and then she is off to work, driving her own car, accompanied by one of her sisters who also work at the University. Morning The clock marks 8:00am. This is the time when all the non-academic staff meets at the FEMA office. It is the time to sign the attendance sheet, chat with colleagues and, most importantly, get information from the Faculty Officer regarding some essential new targets for the day. 5 Immediately afterwards, Amanda enters the Department’s office and switches on the PC to read the incoming mail. Most of the time, there are a number of emails that require immediate action, for example when one of the lecturers cancels a session and, thus, students need to be advised immediately. There are always a versatile number of queries from students, lecturers, University administration, Faculty office and outsiders that need to be answered quite urgently and take any follow-up action. A cup of tea or coffee works miracles at this hour. By this time, Amanda is busy taking phone calls and dealing with students who drop in her office. Lecturers also do so and she assists them in their needs: raising purchasing orders, paying petty cash, making copies and all the rest. The Head of the Department pops in from time to time or calls her to go to his office. There are meetings to be coordinated, seminars to be organised, info to be disseminated, letters to be sent on the Head’s behalf, notices to be affixed on the noticeboards, and data to be collected and analysed. Over the years, Amanda has established a friendly relationship with Prof Pirotta, our former head, whom she finds to be both professional and jolly, good company and productive in both research and tutoring. Although still in his initial months at the Departmental headship, Dr Warrington, according to Amanda, is a real gentleman, a perfectionist and always ready to show appreciation. “He has all the attributes to continue leading our Department with great success”, concluded Amanda with an enthusiastic voice. 12:30pm Mid-day break time. Like her day’s work, Amanda’s breaks do not have a given pattern. Sometimes she goes for a walk on her own or with a colleague of her, whilst there are days when all FEMA secretaries unite and go for in drink at one of the coffee shops around University. When the weather is cold and rainy, Amanda prefers to stay in her office or go visit her mum who lives in Msida. Afternoon : Generally, the afternoons are calmer than the mornings. This is the best time for Amanda to work on those issues that need more thought and require additional attention. This might include the updating of course catalogues, the writing of meetings’ minutes or the online editing of the Department’s website. Other tasks are related to academic staff requirements, including the compilation of part-time lecturers’ salaries and scanning of course material to be sent online to students who attend the evening courses. “Adult students who attend our evening sessions do not have time to visit any of the copying shops, so we provide this service to them to ease their preparation for the lectures”, Amanda told me. Evening The clock marks 5:00pm. Time to go home. If she hasn’t got any errands to make, Amanda heads directly to home where little Holly is eagerly waiting for her. She reserves the half an hour walk for this time of the day, if she didn’t make it during the mid-day break. Once John, her husband, is back from work, they usually have their dinner by 7:30pm and spend the last hours of the day watching a good programme or movie on TV or DVD. This is the life behind the desk for Amanda. She is a very positive person who believes in the power of love in all of its forms. Although she is committed to make the utmost of her job, she is a firm believer that a true person is the one who manage to achieve a healthy work-life balance. On behalf of my academic colleagues, I wish to publicly thank Amanda for her dedication, commitment and friendship. 6 Graduates of the Department of Public Policy “I found the public policy course to be very Profile of Dauglas Salt Douglas Salt is a member of the Board of Directors as well as a share holder of the company. He is responsible for overall Branch Operations and Property Registrations. Douglas has been working with the company for 14 years. personalised and stimulating , as well as a great tool for personal development and thought processes. The industrial psychology segment has proven to be of great use throughout my working life” DOUGLAS SALT He became Branch Manager of Frank Salt’s Balzan Office in 1997 and later in 2004 also the San Gwann Branch Manager. With his extensive knowledge of the property industry in Malta, Douglas is regarded as the top sales consultant although he also has vast organisational, Testimonial by Denitsa Mitova: managerial and motivational skills. He is the key liaison with both clients and developers; providing advice and ensuring that Frank salt Real Estate Ltd., are always ahead of the game on any developments within the property market. “the broader perspective and insight I gathered during my PP lectures at UOM made me more perceptive and competitive” Douglas was the secretary of the former Association of Estate Agents and following its demise, in November 2005 successfully founded a Federation Of Estate Agents, of which most agencies are members and of which he is Founder President. He is also Founder Member of the Rotary Club La Valette and was founder secretary for three years.He graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce Degree from the University of Malta in 1994, majoring in public policy and management. Douglas can be contacted at: 174, Naxxar Road, San Gwann SGN 9030, Malta T: + 356 2316 1660 F: +356 2137 1357 M: +356 9949 0363 My name is Denitsa and I believe you remember me as one of the Bulgarians that graduated from the UoM. I\'d like to express my gratitude to the whole Public Policy Dept and especially to you for the precoius advice with regards to both academic and personal life. You, Mr Warrington and Mr Vassalo provided me with a great study experience and I often remember some of the topics we discussed at class.I hope this email finds you in good health and even better mood. I am about to finish my MSc in Business Studies at the University of Amsterdam this year and I\'d like to admit that the broader perspective and insight I gathered during my PP lectures at UoM made me more perceptive and competitive. Thank you once again! E: dsalt@franksalt.com.mt . 7 Seminar on Historical Representations and Political Identities The Department of Public Policy within the Faculty of Economics, Management convened a seminar on Historical Representations and Political Identities for students of the current cohort of the Diploma in Political Studies. The speakers were Professor James Liu from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand and Professor Denis Hilton from the University of Toulouse-II, France. The seminar was held on Tuesday 27th April 2010 at Gateway Building and was chaired by Robert Micallef, Resident Academic at the Department of Public Policy. are in intergroup relations, particularly involving identity and history. He has written extensively on the identity of overseas Chinese, on the bicultural identities of Maori and Pakeha, and has written James Liu on historical conflict and Dr James Liu, is an American reconciliation between Chinese and Japanese. He co- political cultural edited an interdisciplinary book on New Zealand Identities, psychologist who received his published by VUW Press in 2005 and is currently writing a PhD in social psychology in book on the Birth of Global Consciousness: A Psycho- 1992 from UCLA. He is a history of the last 500 years. and Professor in Psychology at of Denis Hilton Denis Hilton is professor of social psychology at the Wellington (VUW), where he University of Toulouse-II. His research interests are in Victoria University has worked since emigrating to New Zealand in 1994. He social is currently Deputy Director of the Centre for Applied Cross conversational pragmatics and reasoning, decision-making Cultural Research (CACR) at VUW. ,and experimental economics. His research is at the interface between political, social, and cross-cultural psychology where he has published more than a hundred publications. His research interests cognition (especially causal attribution), He has a special research interest in the social psychology of history particularly on representations of the second world war in Europe. 8 A seminar on the Encylical Letter ‘Caritas in Veritate’ and the global economic crisis (1) The panel of expert speakers who took an active part during the seminar (2) Part of the audience who attended for the seminar held in Mosta The Department of Public Policy in collaboration with Għaqda Studenti tat-Teoloāija organised a well-attended seminar on the Encyclical ‘Caritas in Veritate’ on Saturday, March 27, 2010 This seminar, held at the Katekumenju in Mosta, gave the opportunity to students, the academic community and the public in general, to a further understanding and reflection regarding the encyclical while keeping in mind the present global economic crisis. This Papal document incorporates a wide array of socio-economic and political realties, including the dynamics of the free market, business ethics, globalisation, consumer rights, the renewal of the United Nations, the energy crisis, together with poverty and unemployment. Various experienced speakers took part, including MP Edwin Vassallo, Dr Joe Mifsud, the Head of the Department of Public Policy Dr Edward Warrington, the Dean of the Faculty of Theology Rev Profs Emmanuel Agius, the Provincial of the Augustinian Friars Fr Luëjan Borg OSA, Godfrey Leone Ganado, Fr Mark Sultana and Mario Thomas Vassallo. Malta Journalism Awards An interview conducted by Carmel Bonello with Prof Godfrey Pirotta on the study of Public Policy and as a career for students won First Prize in its category during the journalism awards ceremony held by the Istitut tal-Gurnalisti Maltin. The judging panel was chaired by President Emiritus Dr Eddie Fenech Adami. The interview was part of a series of interview programmes by the name Taht il-Lenti produced and presented on RTK Radio by Carmel Bonello. 9 Robert Micallef talks to Professor Godfrey Pirotta about his career highlights, his years as head of the Department of Public Policy and the state of public affairs in Malta RM - During your career you have and for advice on their studies. Their to the development of the played a key role in pioneering the study heart remained with the department. University. In addition to their of public administration, politics and Although initially the Department was teaching they sit on university public policy in Malta and have been a not fully accepted within the Faculty bodies responsible for Quality member of the department since its today Assurance, Academic Staff inception in 1978. How do you look back department has made to the Faculty is Development, at these years of growth for the fully recognised and appreciated, even Justice and Commitment. The department? by the current Rector and his department's contribution to the contribution that predecessors. the It Ethics and is Malta can be seen in the fact GP - The department has significant that that many of those now in made graduates of Public leading managerial positions Policy hold in both the private and the lecturing posts on a public sector are graduates of an contribution astounding to the Faculty, University and today Malta. Students who chose public policy as full-time and part-time basis with at our one of their major areas have always stated least four other departments, in examples will suffice: Dr that it was the best choice that they had addition to Public Policy. The current Leonard Mizzi, formerly Head made. Head of of the Brussels Business Management is actually a graduate of Bureau, now a Director with Even those that actually chose another our Department. Academic members the EU; Mr Walter Farrugia, area for their Honours usually came of formerly of KPMG now an EU back to us to supervise their dissertation contributed and continue to contribute the of the Department department have also department. official; Mr John A few Portelli 10 currently CEO at Viset Valletta Water education; second, we adopted a have experienced Front Operations; there at least five to British style of teaching allowing for graduates and they want six Permanent Secretaries who are continued interaction with students more. Last year every graduates of the Department; Ms on both a formal and an informal single Therese Vassallo, Acting level; and third our courses were Honours student had a Public our Policy inter-disciplinary good career position to go National Council for that our graduates to even before they had Persons Equality; Dr found to sat for their exams. This Joseph specialise in other year the calls have been areas coming through again. Director of so the Muscat, formerly MEP now Leader of it easy such Economics, the as HRM, Opposition and the European Studies, RM Labour Party; and of Diplomatic Studies, published the official interest one should note that Mr Karl Statistics, and of course Public history of Malta's House Gouder, who has just been co-opted Policy. When I became Head of of as a member of Parliament for the Department I sought to sharpen What are your views on Nationalist Party , is also a former the mission of the department, the graduate of the department. In fact the entrench friendly Parliament today? Does list is endless and I can say that no philosophy through an open door Parliament need to be other department in the Faculty enjoys policy, increase accountability and re-located? the success that our department has transparency in the assessment enjoyed since its inception. Even at an of student work, attract academic level our department has the foreign academics and highest students, rate of postgraduates, relations including Ph.Ds, in the faculty. private its student - In 2006 you Representatives. operations of It was gratifying to be chosen by both sides of the House for this task. establish But unfortunately with my sector has research increasingly RM - How would you describe organizations, such as your achievements and highlights Competitive Malta, with whom of of we signed an agreement, and raise department between 2000 and the public profile of the department. respect for Parliament has 2009? On this latter point I have to say dwindled among its own GP - Even before I became head of that it was the quality of our members. There seems to department a number of practices graduates that has really made this be no desire to ensure had been established. In the first possible for I am astounded at the that the spirit, as well as instance a ever growing number of employers the letter of the rules - our who now call me to ask about our including potential rules - are respected. your curriculum years we had which as head designed provided students with a top of the range graduates. Employers given me the impression that today, more than ever before, Constitutional 11 Parliament is not only the supreme making false declarations under changing it to suit current law-making institution of the country oath campaign costs seems to send out the but the main scrutinizing agency of a spending. If I am right, and recent message that they would democracy. But it is clear that it is events seem to indicate that I am rather not publicize how much failing in its duties. Look at the way right, are funds they are ready to the Public Accounts Committee is breaking two laws; the one on how commit to stand for election or structured and functions and you will much they can spend; and the one win a seat. see that about these their candidates it provides citizens RM - Is the Maltese public with little if any service coping well with the protection institutional demands of an from abuse or maladministration EU member state? in public expenditure. And no I do not think that a new Parliament building is necessary, certainly before Parliament has been given the funds to create those support systems which are so badly needed. For example, it is clear that Permanent Committees do not have the staff, administrative and technical, to render its work truly meaningful. Parliament will have a new building against perjury. I cannot accept that those whom we elect to make laws for the good governance of the island deserve my respect if they themselves cannot, when it's stricter control over the campaign spending of electoral candidates. You also said that candidates that broke electoral laws are not views about today's situation? GP - In 1993 I pointed to two things: First that electoral candidates and some newly elected MPs may be understand beginning to what EU membership really involves. But the problem of fact that the public democratic government, service often ignored in Malta, is that no one is above the law. And point I made was that campaign spending by individual candidates was rising alarmingly. My question was, and remains, why is that happening? lies now in the fundamentally rule has not been structured to meet these demands. For example, the public service has as yet no quite developed its policy analysis core. It has made some progress in this direction but it still does not have the policy advisors required by any modern government to fulfill its role worthy of being MPs. What are your now those laws. One candidates included. The second RM - In 1993, you called for is in their interest to do so, keep no one means no one, electoral but not soul. GP - I think the public service Why is being elected to Parliament so important that one needs to spend a fortune doing it? Is it perhaps because the economic benefits outweigh the costs? The readiness of politicians to effectively. The EU is not about what has been decided today but understanding the implications of today's decisions for the future and go on breaking the law rather than 12 planning accordingly. There is nobody has no resources and whose really asking what will be required in ten RM - What is your assessment of economic agenda is set by or twenty years from now. Also there is Malta's main challenges today as a the world economy needs a need to distinguish between providing small state navigating competitive leadership leadership on the domestic level and international waters? addressing the EU dimension. For example, capable of communicating and of GP - A different kind of leadership than mobilizing population has we have had so far. That is a towards realistic economic remained so centralized that those at leadership that cuts the buzz words goals. A leadership that sets the top have to concern themselves with and the spin and re-educates the the example and refrains from the agenda dictated by Ministers, that Maltese as to the real challenges the now decades old trend of dictated by the EU and the overall facing the island. A leadership that sets living beyond the island's administration of departments. This has an example of professional and ethical means. to change and more delegation of conduct and which does away with powers allowed further down the political patronage and puts merit at managerial hierarchy. the top of the agenda. An island that the public service the “The EU is not about what has been decided today but understanding the implications of today's decisions for the future and planning accordingly.” “… the public service has remained so centralized that those at the top have to concern themselves with the agenda dictated by Ministers, that dictated by the EU and the overall administration of departments. …This has to change and more delegation of powers allowed further down the managerial hierarchy” 13 Annual Lecture on Gender and Public Policy: Women and Politics: Presence and Participation in the European Union The Public Policy Department of the University of Malta together with the National Council of Women (NCW) and the National Commission for the Promotion of Equality (NCPE) convened the first Annual Lecture on Gender and Public Policy. The lecture honoured the memory of the late Agatha Barbara and the late Josephine Burns Debono, two pioneering women who paved the road for the participation of Maltese women in the nation's public life. The Memorial Lecture was held on the 11th March 2010 at the University building, St Paul Street, Valletta. Professor Emeritus Elizabeth Meehan from Queen's University, Belfast, spoke on Women and Politics: Presence and Participation in the European Union. Elizabeth Meehan completed her undergraduate education at Sussex University and post-graduate education at Oxford. Her first full-time lectureship was at Bath University from where she was granted leave to hold a Hallsworth Fellowship at Manchester University. She was appointed to a chair in Politics at QUB in 1991, where she also became a Jean Monnet Professor and, from 2001-05, was the founding Director of the Institute of Governance. In 1998-99 and in 2004, she held Visiting Fellowships at The Policy Institute, Trinity College Dublin and the Institute of Advanced Studies in the Humanities at Edinburgh University. During the 1990s, she chaired the Political Studies Association of the United Kingdom and is now an Honorary VicePresident. The Association made her a 'Lifetime Achievement' award in 2005 and, in 2006, the UACES made an award to mark her contribution to European Community studies in Ireland. She now holds honorary positions at the Policy Institute, Trinity College, in the School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin, and in the School of Social and Political Science at Edinburgh University. She is an elected member of the Royal Society for the Arts, the Academy of the Social Sciences, and the Royal Irish Academy. The lecture was co-ordinated by Anne Marie Thake, resident academic at the Department of Public Policy. 14 First year Public Policy students Visit to National Archives 15 Family Policy in Malta: Practical Aspects Anne Marie Thake lectures the first students in Introduction to Public Policy. This semester, Ms Thake invited a Guest Speaker – Ms Stephania Dimech Sant BA (Hons.) S.W.; MA (Sussex), A.L.C.M to deliver a presentation on Family Policy in Malta: Practical Aspects to the first year students of B. Commerce. Since September 2008, Ms Dimech Sant has been occupying the role of Policy Co-ordinator in the Prime Minister’s Private Secretariat. Within her remit, she is responsible for policy review and implementation monitoring, compilation of information and preparation of meeting briefs. Her presentation focused on the principles and definitions of family policy in Malta and stressed that family policy is also a tool to enable society to adapt better to the changing circumstances. Her presentation was wellattended and the students greatly benefited from her knowledge and work experience. Ms Stephania Dimech Sant 16 The Role of the Social Partners in the context of the EU 2020 By Maria Brown The EU 2020 is located within the context of the recent This draws attention to the moves of trade unions in Malta economic recession. Despite repercussions, one positive in outcome is the strategy for increased cooperation with the Concurrently precarious conditions of certain flexi-jobs in social partners, amongst other national - state and civil Malta include stigmatising teleworkers as inefficient, society - entities. The agenda projects increased denying career advancement opportunities to workers cooperation with the social partners in the implementation employed with reduced hours and getting away with of national reform programmes, particularly in the spheres unequal rights for equal employment thanks to ambiguities of education, training, youth unemployment and job in contracts and job descriptions. In this light, the risk of At EU level, the social partners are steering trade unions away from issues of social welfare as represented by three main organisations: The European a by-product of the EU 2020’s focus on economic and Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), representing workers; ecological issues comes at a very inappropriate time. The The Union of Industries of the European Community good news is that the detailed parameters of the strategy, (UNICE), representing private sector employers; and The including the detailed guidelines and national targets will be European (CEEP), finalised in June 2010. The social partners should seek representing public sector employers. The European social dialogue to wisely use the governance at national, Commission consults with them when drawing up local and regional levels, advocated by the same agenda, proposals for social and employment legislation. Indeed, to underpin social welfare to economic growth and trade unions in Malta are active in promoting social welfare ecological beyond the sphere of employment rates, such as sustainability. transitions. Centre for Public Enterprise the immediate and not-so-immediate future. occupational health and safety and family hardships due to the recent introduction of utility surcharge. Without falling in the idealistic trap of expecting an all-encompassing agenda, it is valid to say that the European Council has by and large neglected these issues in the EU 2020. Indeed, the union of European countries has a long history of juggling between the economic and social progress of its member-states. Moreover, the European Council had to account for ecological sustainability in the new agenda. 17 Happy Holidays! 18