Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
B.A. Hons.
2010
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
EXPRESSIONS OF HATRED
‘Expressions of Hatred’ focuses on the individual experiences of ten young gay men and lesbians and how
homophobia affects their everyday life. The term Homophobia is now popularly constructed to mean fear and
dislike of gay men and lesbians. As children many gays and lesbians lived with homophobic parents. Now as
young adults they live in a homophobic society. They live with homophobic individuals on the job, where they
suffer professionally, and at home where they suffer personally. This research will demonstrate that homophobia
has taken various forms and arisen from many sources throughout historical events.
Gay and lesbians need affirmative innovation in a society where they endure prejudice and discrimination. Using
a phenomenological model will help to examine these individuals’ life experiences in an effort to understand this
phenomena, investigate its dynamics and give meaning to how it relates to their everyday life. This will be done
using biographic narrative approach through a snowball methodology; by collecting narrative data that will later
be analyzed and given meaning. All this will help in compiling the evidence that is put forward by Maltese gay
and lesbian interviews and sum up their conclusions about how homophobia affects their everyday life. How
these people are made to feel; in other words provide a taste of what it is like to be a homosexual sexual in
Malta, and how societal responses affect these same gay and lesbian persons. That is to fear random harassment
by strangers’ explore and appreciate that to be openly gay takes considerable courage, see through their eyes
that they are forced into vulnerability. Investigate their shock and fear, episodes of both physical violence, verbal
abuse and the overall feeling of violation, their inability, at times to retaliate, the conspicuous branding, the
stereotype; in a nut shell, how homophobia diminishes and dehumanizes gays and lesbians.
Rosanna Vassallo
2010
Youth and Community Studies
2008
MEL
Title
Abstract
THE HEROIN USERS
A Study of Heroin Lifestyles
This study explores what it is like to be a heroin user. It investigates the impact that relationships, leisure
participation, economic sustainability, health behaviour and societal reaction have on the development of heroin
lifestyle. The value of this research is to give a voice to participants and to uncover their experiences and the
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
realities they encounter during their lifestyles. Eight participants were chosen for this study, all selected from
the Caritas Harm Reduction Shelter. They were all active heroin users who stopped using substances at least for
a period of time. Their ages range from 20 to 37 years.
The research outcome indicated that some participants believed that their families’ relationships influenced both
the initiation and the maintenance of their addiction, whilst for others, their family was a safety net and a
reason to come off substances, at least for a while. They stated that associating with other substance-using peers
had facilitated the initiation and escalation of heroin use. They all used to practice sports before they were active
heroin users but eventually they abandoned all conventional activities, being, they wasted their energy and time
into the hunt for heroin use. Due to their chaotic lifestyles were not able to maintain a regular employment, thus
they turned to illegal activities to sustain their habit.
Heroin users run risks of experiencing health problems. Some participants acknowledged this fact but
nonetheless they abandoned safety precautions when they experienced withdrawal symptoms. They experienced
stigma both from non-substance users and also from other non-heroin substance users. They all claimed that at
some point in their career they tried to quit heroin use but never been completely successful. They rejected the
image of being a passive person, claiming that quitting the heroin lifestyle is a matter of choice.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
This study concludes with recommendations for further research and services development.
Antoinette Camilleri
2008
Youth and Community Studies
o Heroin Users
o Heroin Lifestyle
o Stigma
PROTECTING YOUTH: POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR YOUTH ORGANISATIONS
Child abuse is a phenomenon that may occur within any social or family context. Children may disclose child
abuse in a myriad of manners and within a plethora of scenarios. Youth organisations are not excluded from this
possibility.
The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it analyses the reality in youth organisations with regard to the
practice and interventions when dealing with an alleged child abuse situation. Secondly, this study aims at
presenting a draft policy and procedures regarding the handling of child abuse disclosures within the context of
young organisations.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
A qualitative research design was adopted by carrying out individual interviews with ten different youth
organisations around Malta and Gozo. The choice of youth organisations was done randomly so as to widen as
much as possible the spectrum of organisations working with different youth client groups. Due to ethical issues
it was decided that the interviews will be conducted with the youth leaders of the chosen organisations and not
with the young members themselves.
The analysis addresses the issue of child abuse in general. The study also focuses on child protection policy. It
also identifies any experiences of tackling child abuse cases by those interviewed within the youth organisations.
Training, confidentiality and acceptable and appropriate behaviour between adults and young people were other
issues discussed in the analysis.
The findings suggest that the leaders have an important duty to protect the vulnerable and it was clearly evident
that such leaders found it particularly essential that a child protection policy is present in their organisation.
Furthermore, the absence of training on child abuse matters was another challenging factor that the leaders
found throughout their work with young people.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Several recommendations were put forward to address the formulation of a child protection policy in youth
organisation. Even though locally, the existence of child protection policies or procedures are not yet mandatory
in youth organisations, it emerges clearly that such practice should be strongly recommended so as to help both
youth organisation members and leaders work within an empowering and safe environment.
Caroline Bonavia
2008
Youth and Community Studies
LONELINESS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of loneliness among a non-clinical group of young
people, hence university students and find out what coping strategies they opt for to deal with the phenomenon.
The major loneliness perspectives, the lonely prototype, the correlations of loneliness and general coping
strategies were reviewed. An online self administered questionnaire was sent electronically to all full-time first
year students aged 18-41 following courses in various faculties at the University of Malta. Four hundred
seventy-seven students 31.86% chose to participate, of whom 333 (69.81%) were females and 144 (30.18%) were
males. The instruments used were the Revised University of California at Los Angeles loneliness scale (R-UCLA)
designed by Russell (1996) and a questionnaire which inquired the coping strategies participants use to deal
with loneliness. Results indicated that loneliness is prevalent among university students and that the most
frequently cited coping strategies fall into the Category of Active Coping. No significant differences in R-UCLA
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
mean scores were noted in terms of gender, age and faculty. The need for alternative support measures was
stressed in this study.
Charmaine Friggieri
2008
Youth and Community Studies
o Loneliness
o Isolation
o Emotional Isolation
o Social Isolation
o Coping
o University Students
YOUTH, SPACE AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE
A Critical Analysis
The scope of this study has been to study the issue of land use transformation through urban regeneration from
a youth and community studies perspective and substantiate arguments regarding the impact that the
transformation of public space into a more corporate dominated environment is having on the personal, social
and political development of young people. The area under investigation: ‘Youth, Space and the public Sphere: A
Critical Analysis’ has been studied through the review of three case studies of urban redevelopment projects
within the local community, through content analysis of official development policy documents and qualitative
interviewing with young people who have been affected by the regeneration projects.
The results have identified that land-use transformation through regeneration projects, which tend to promote
leisure in terms of formal consumption patterns, dominate urban development in Malta, such that little
consideration is made to the informal leisure activities of young people. In general, the young people interviewed
for the purpose of this study profess to have been negatively affected by the regeneration projects, and tend to
feel alienated, excluded and socially controlled by the regenerated environment. This situation has been
analysed through theoretical frameworks which relate spatial arrangement as an indication of social structure,
mainly through Habermas’ theory of communicative action and the Foucauldian perspective on power and social
control.
In reference to the conclusions presented in this study, namely that; ‘Maltese youth sphere is being increasingly
taken over by corporate power to the detriment of the social, personal and political development of the youth
community’, the need for more democratic and inclusive frameworks in urban planning is called for, such that,
several implications are seen to arise from the present local situation for the purpose of ameliorating current
development and youth politics. In particular, such situation raises the question of whether and how public
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
spheres today could conceivably relate a more democratic political function, so that youth participation in
development processes becomes a major priority for any comprehensive agenda on behalf of young people.
Christian Mizzi
2008
Youth and Community Studies
WOULD PROFESSIONAL YOUTH WORK MAKE A POSITIVE DIFFERENCE?
Before actually starting this course of studies I was heavily involved in youth work mostly through a religious
organization in Haz-Zabbar. I just loved making everything that was possible in order to provide the best for all
the members of the group. However, I always needed more time to create different projects, to reach out for more
young people and, most of all, more time to use in communicating with the young people which would allow me
to identify needs and create more useful meetings and plans.
When speaking with other youth leaders we always mentioned how good it would be to actually perform youth
work as a full time employment. Same discussion was repeated over and over again during the past five years at
university while reading for this degree. The big question was what would happen if youth work would be legally
professionalized. Would professional youth work create a positive difference?
This research looks at the various scenarios in different countries while also noting various opinions which are
then compared in a bid to look at the subject from different perspectives.
The research provides food for thought for anyone involved in youth work at different levels while also creating
discussion about the different aspects of creating another caring profession.
A dominant factor was the combination of theory and practice which would result in having an experienced and
informed youth worker. However many argued that this combination alone would result in a youth worker.
Adding passion, on the other hand, would result in a profession youth worker.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
The research aims at creating discussion while looking ahead in a practice which is not as young as many think
it is.
Gordon Pace
2008
Youth and Community Studies
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
MALTESE YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN THE EU YOUTH PROGRAMME
Since its first application for membership to the European Union in July 1990, Malta has been increasing its
familiarization and participation in three European Union educational programmes: Leonardo da Vinci, Socrates
and Youth. By the end of 1999, when Malta’s request to join EU was approved a package of financial aid from the
European Union to Malta was negotiated. Malta was now able to fully participate in such programmes.
From this small beginning, both Local and European report witnessed a continuous and extraordinary
development in Maltese youth participation. It is evident that Maltese Youth are reaping immense benefits in
their educational, personal and social development by participating in these programmes. Although such
evidence is highly visible for policy makers and even to the general public, absence of local research in the area
has deprived us from highlighting and quantifying the impact on both personal and social developments
associated with youth participation in such programmes. Unfortunately enough our size imposes constraints, one
of them being lack of research due to financial viability.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
This small scale qualitative study highlights how and to what extent youth participation in the YOUTH
programme contributes to the development of a healthy personal formation through active citizenship and to
community development. The aim of such research was two fold, the primary being my acquisition of scientific
research skills/tools as a student, which is considered vital in the youth work profession. Secondly, such research
is going to highlight the contribution of such programmes to the Life long learning concept and towards the
recognition and accreditation of Informal learning. This study has found that the EU YOUTH programme is
contributing to the social, personal and educational development of Maltese young people. Such study found also
that young people need reliable and tailor-made information through the proper channels. Moreover, such study
confirms that young people participation in such program is contributing towards recognition of non-formal
learning.
Josef Gauci
2008
Youth and Community Studies
o Youth participation
o Active citizenship
o Community development
o Life long learning
o Informal learning
śAK... A WAY FORWARD!
An Action Research Focusing on Working Methods Within the Organisation
śAK (śgħaŜagħ Azzjoni Kattolika), as a youth organisation, has always proffered and kept a forward-thinking attitude aiming at
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
reaching good quality youth work. The social and personal formations together with spiritual awakening are at the heart of the
organisation. The organisation caters for young volunteers who committed themselves to educate young people in groups. This is
quite a hard task which śAK leaders strive to achieve.
This action research is a study aimed at giving a picture of what young people expect during these weekly
meetings. Moreover action research is a tool that gives the researcher within the organisation, more accessibility
to develop quality youth meetings. Action research is the tool with which one can act and give new strength to
such encounters in order to keep-up motivation and enthusiasm among group youth leaders.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Evaluating each piece of action during such study helps to slowly and gradually improve changes in the methods
of the organisation’s routine practice. Effectively but perpetually, youth work in śAK, can remain sustainable and dynamic
through new experiences using latest technology, non-formal and informal education through games and creating new concepts in
promoting serious leisure activities.
Joseph Theuma
2008
Youth and Community Studies
YOUTH PERSPECTIVE ON DRUGS AND ALCOHOL PRIMARY PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS
Primary Prevention is an essential tool that is being used in order to educate the general population to engage in
healthy lifestyles. Amongst the target audiences of primary prevention programmes, one finds that of young
people. In view of the efforts that are constantly being invested to promote healthy attitudes without the abuse of
drugs and alcohol within the particular target audience, one needs to keep in touch with the thinking and
perceptions young people hold about these programmes and initiatives. This thesis gathers information related
to the contents of the programmes and interventions that are carried out by two local organisations, namely
Caritas Malta and Sedqa, who deliver primary prevention programmes related to drugs and alcohol abuse
amongst young people. This dissertation proceeds by analysing, interpreting and discussing the feedback
obtained from young people who participated in focus groups organised to evaluate the said programmes and
initiatives. The study is concluded by various observations and recommendations based on the information
gathered during the process.
Martin Chetcuti
2008
Youth and Community Studies
o Primary Prevention
o Drugs and Alcohol abuse and misuse
o Programmes and Initiatives carried out
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
o Young people’s Perception
o Evaluation
o Plans and Suggestions
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
THE WIND BELOW:
Young People in Social Movement Organisations
The phenomena of social movements and Social Movement Organisations, despite carrying serious implications
for social change, seem to have failed to capture the imagination of local researchers. Research in the area is at
best sporadic, and at worst non-existent. This study attempts to begin to fill this lacuna. Through in-depth
interviews (N=8) with young people involved in Social Movement Organisations this study explored the
experiences of young activists and the way they understand them. The findings of this research can be grouped
under three main over-arching themes relating to the process of initiation the experience within Social
Movement Organisations and the dynamics of change in said experience. The data suggests that various factors
such as attitudinal affinity or cognitive liberation and biographical availability disposed the participants to join
Social Movement Organisations. This disposition became involvement after a link with an organisation that met
their aspirations was established. Networks, in the form of family, friends and acquaintances proved to be
important in providing this link. The participants reported that subsequently the involvement in Social
Movement Organisations impacted their lives greatly, affecting their lives, identity, and friendship patterns.
Their experience was also the source of various feelings. Prominent amongst them were those of satisfaction and
disappointment, the participants also recounted how their experience in Social Movement Organisations proved
to be highly educational, giving them a superb opportunity for non-formal and informal education. The data also
suggests that change is an integral part of the activist experience, being present on a variety of levels and in
different respects. Changes are experienced on both an organisational and an individual level. Changes in the
former were most salient in relation to organisational ideas, whereas changes experienced in an individual level
included ideational changes, change of organisations, changes in the personal life situation as well as in
activism.
Patrick Galea
2008
Youth and Community Studies
o Social Movements
o Social Movement Organisations
o Protest
o Activism
o Movements
o Youth Activism
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
WHY RISK? A STUDY ON SEXUAL RISK TAKING AMONG MALTESE HETEROSEXUAL YOUTH
The concept of risk-taking involves individual choices for engaging in risky behaviours and incorporates diverse
sensation-seeking activities. An element of risk is undertaken in most decision-making processes, as one
exercises rationality to calculate risks and compare anticipated outcomes. Risk-taking is a term commonly
associated with adolescents who are in search of their identity (Erikson, 1963) and who are socially perceived as
yet unable to make the right choices.
In an endeavour to comprehend why local young people engage in risky sexual behaviour, this original research
study investigates what factors influence risky sexual behaviour from social and psychological perspectives. It
delves into local heterosexual youth behaviour and compares findings with studies in this domain. The study
investigates factors affecting young peoples’ choices for sexual risk-taking that reflect diminishing religious
influence and increased liberal cultural attitudes. It also questions why notwithstanding sustained efforts to
reach young people in their early teens with relevant information as part of their formal education, they adopt
risky sexual practices dictated by social scripts.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The findings highlight cognitive age as the main factor influencing sexual risk-taking while experiential events
and maturity reflect a lower occurrence of the phenomenon. Young people are aware of the consequences
attached to sexual behaviour, especially unintended pregnancy and confirm that risk-taking is age and gender
related. They feel their knowledge on sexuality is restricted and does not include accurate information on the
risks of sexually transmitted infections.
Pauline Tufigno
2008
Youth and Community Studies
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORAL JUDGEMENT IN MALTESE YOUTH
This study aims at exploring the development of moral judgement among a Maltese group of young people using
a cognitive developmental approach. The literature review indicates that although progression through the
stages of moral development tends to be determined by chronological age, factors such as parenting style, family
size, socioeconomic status, peer interaction and role-taking opportunities have also been found to be influential.
This research attempts to investigate whether the existing cognitive development theories could also be applied
to a Maltese population of young people living in a country where Catholicism permeates every social aspect of
their life.
A qualitative approach was adopted. Using Kohlberg’s methodology as a conduit, moral dilemmas were devised
and eight focus groups were set up and grouped by their chronological age, ranging between 9 and 25. Content
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
analysis of the groups’ discussions identified such themes as: Parental influence, inconsistency, fear of
consequences and adolescent rebelliousness.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
This research also highlighted the importance of directed youth group discussions based on moral issues as a
means of generating cognitive conflict and promoting moral growth. The study ends with a summary of the main
findings and recommendations for future research.
Stephanie Camilleri
2008
Youth and Community Studies
CHILD BEARING ONSET
The work acknowledges the fact that Malta is experiencing a decline in child birth and recognises that many
believe that marriage without children is not considered as a breakdown of values. The research indicates the
acceptability of delaying child bearing to pursue personal goals such as advancement in career or leisure related
issues. In addition, with greater societal acceptance and expressive individualism in general, the majority of
young people are taking longer to have their first child. It is maintained that young adults offer two key reasons
for postponement or the decision of not having another child. Primarily, the first years of the marriage are seen
as a way of gaining valid knowledge about their spouses and a time that should be spent to nourish the
relationship and secondly, young couples experience financial constraints. The study also proven fact that when
these partners have children, the offspring becomes the first priority of the family, which provides a scope and a
commitment like no other.
Tania Gauci
2008
Youth and Community Studies
2007
MEL
Title
Abstract
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY IN YOUTH:
A Christian Perspective
Humankind is faced with an environmental crisis. Generations of mindless exploitation by a selfish minority,
insensitive to the needs of others have resulted in millions of people living in abject poverty, often lacking even
the most basic of necessities. A sustainable way of life must be universally adopted to ensure a better quality of
life, for both present and future generations. Young people should be empowered to become the agents of change,
embracing the Christian values of love, solidarity and respect, for all forms of life. The methodology for this
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
study consists of an action research, which develops and tests a programme of activities for youth, combining the
elements of environmental education, to Christian values, through informal learning. The youth work principle
of non-formal education and youth empowerment, underpin the whole project, which was empirically tested by
the researchers, acting as participant observers, together with a mixed group of young people. The resultant data
allowed for some changes to be implemented, before presenting the revised programme to a number of
experienced youth leaders, for further analysis. This was later tested once again in the field, by a different youth
group. the whole project consists of a weekend encounter incorporating diverse activities, aimed at fostering a
sense of responsibility towards others, through a continuous process of information, discussion and reflection by
all the participants in all the stages. The findings of this research underline the significance of environmental
youth work. Young people are capable of facing up to their global responsibility when supported by mentors, who
truly believe in their abilities. The research concludes with recommendations for similar projects, linking
Christian values to environmental youth work.
Edith Boffa & Michael Boffa
2007
Youth and Community Studies
THE ROLE OF YOUTH ORGANISATIONS AS NON-FORMAL EDUCATORS
The Situation in the Maltese Islands
This study aims to investigate the role of youth organisations in Malta and Gozo as non-formal educators and to
their impact on the personal and social development of young people, including their ability to bring about social
transformation. Various policy documents and educational theories emphasize the complementary role of nonformal vis-à-vis formal education and so the importance of institutions, such as youth organisations, functioning
alongside the formal educational system. Young people nowadays require various so-called soft skills and
appropriate attitudes to be in a position to use their academic studies in the most efficient way in work and other
equally essential life-situations. For this purpose it is important to identify and assess the potential of youth
organisations in Malta to generate non-formal modes of learning and education.
This qualitative study confirms that local youth organisations are basic instruments for the consolidation of an
increasingly wider spectrum of non-formal modes of learning and education. Indeed they can supply young
people with various skills, attitudes and kinds of knowledge. They are sites of experimental learning through
which one learns by actually “doing” the thing in cooperation with their peers and in some form of organisational
setting. They are contributing to the acquisition of a variety of skills – mainly those concerning interpersonal
and intrapersonal relations, group formation and organisational skills. These skills are essential for the
development of individual and for promoting social exclusion and, indirectly at least, minimize the risk of longterm unemployment.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
This study found that youth organisations need to keep on exploring how they can give increasingly more space
to individual initiative and at the same time create a cooperative spirit among their members. A critical issue is
the extent to which they are helping young people to break through the culture of silence on matters of social
justice and concern. This point clearly to the need of youth organisations to make use of professionally trained
youth workers, since otherwise their potential to generate non-formal modes of learning and education will not
be fully developed.
Glorianne Grima
2007
Youth and Community Studies
o Young People
o Non-Formal Education and Learning
o Youth Organisations
THE PERILS OF PAUSING
Unemployment resorts an individual in a pausing position. Unemployed people cannot live a normal life –
financially, socially and economically. This is their PERIL. They are in danger of losing track and at the moment
they are at a STAND STILL – PAUSED.
The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate why they are in a ‘pausing mode’, I delved into the causes
and effects of unemployment by interviewing a group of eight unemployed young people. Furthermore, I
interviewed experts on such subject matter to elicit the main factors contributing to youth employment and what
measures they perceive to be of utmost importance to avoid waste of human resources. Observational methods
were used during the recruitment of young people to work in a factory.
This study also aims at providing various strategies to deal and prevent youth unemployment.
From the findings it transpired that the main causes of unemployment are lack of qualifications, lack of work
experience, illiteracy and family background. The causes and effects of unemployment are analysed through a
sociological and a psychological perspective.
Author
Date
Subject
Finally, this study attempts to put forward recommendations on how youth unemployment may be reduced, and
thus having greater chances to find work. This is done in conjunction with youth work practice.
Josette-Marie White
2007
Youth and Community Studies
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
PORNOGRAPHY
To See or Not to See... Young People’s Reality
In adolescence, sexuality becomes a dominant feature which can lead to the initiation of sexual experimentation,
including indulgence in viewing sexually explicit material. This study endeavoured to elucidate the topic of
young people and pornography. Young people can come across pornography inadvertently, advertently or not at
all. The frequency and efforts of such an encounter are the questions that are posed, and are amongst those that
this study addresses. It also compares the personal findings with the perception of young people. Young people
associate pornography mainly with sexuality, and this can serve as a basis for redefining pornography. The
gender differences that emerge, and the specific behavioural practices associated point to a picture where males
view more pornography, whereas females tend to seek pornography with partners. Participants have the
generalized understanding that young people seek pornography while only a few admit openly that they do, and
they tend to so do mainly for curiosity and sexual stimulation. This study discusses the topic and its
connotations, presents suggestions and recommendations on ways to further researching this field, having the
ultimate aim of providing young people, and those who guide their development, further information on this
subject.
Lourdes Attard & Moyra Attard
2007
Youth and Community Studies
o Young People
o Adolescents
o Youth
o Pornography
o Sexually Explicit Material
INDEPENDENCE BEYOND THE CLASSROOM TRANSTION PROGRAMMES IN LOCAL SCHOOLS
Investigating the Transition Process for Youth with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities
The presence of disabled students in mainstream schools has increased dramatically over the past few years. In
order to facilitate learning for these disabled students, the National Minimum Curriculum is being followed and
adapted to the student’s individual needs. Research has shown that, by the careful planning of Individualised
Education Programs, the aim of ultimately preparing disabled students for independent life can be achieved.
Employment is a major determinant of independent living and schools are the primary agencies of socialization
through which skills needed for the employmentability of disabled students can be acquired. Effective transition
programs play an important role in this process.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
The objective of this research is to present a picture of the situation in Malta with regards the Inclusive Program
as perceived by disabled students. The existence of transition programs in secondary and post secondary school
is questioned. The link between schools and disabled student’s social life proved to be an issue with the students
as well as the way schools are preparing them for future employment. Agencies, Associations and the Education
Division spokesperson in charge of Inclusive Education also contributed to this research.
The research design is based on qualitative methodology where data was collected from interviews and a focus
group. the sample was composed of eight disabled students who have all finished their secondary school
education, five interviews with teachers in charge of the Inclusive Education Programs within both Secondary
Schools and Post Secondary Schools, four interviews with Agencies offering Transition programs and finally an
interview with the officer in charge of the Inclusive Program within the Education Division in Malta.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The outcomes from this research would primarily establish whether effective transition programs are being
implemented within schools and also forward recommendations aim at improving the system.
Maria Camilleri
2007
Youth and Community Studies
CULTURE IN TRANSITION:
Towards a Multicultural Society
Culture is a unique characteristic of every society. It is passed on from generation to generation, and with the
passage of time culture would sustain changes. Certain cultural norms and values may be commonly practiced
and shared between actors in society.
Technological progress has left a great impact on society so that young people may view themselves as living in a
homogenized society. In this highly impressionable age, youth need adult direction to be able to cope with these
sudden changes in their employment and every day lifestyle including their leisure which could be an important
aspect of change in their lives.
The question of irregular immigration may also be regarded as a factor of cultural change. Whilst irregular
immigration may increase the problem of high population density and it is often viewed as an economic burden
and a threat to job availability likewise, it can also be appreciated for providing the national fabric with a variety
of cultures, adding colour to our rich Maltese identity.
Whenever there is change the stability may be shaken and in order to face such challenged society must learn
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
new ways in accepting others so that harmony will be the stabilizing agent of society acquired through the tools
of education and knowledge.
Marie Louise G. Santucci
2007
Youth and Community Studies
CHILDREN OF AN ADOLESCENT STATE:
An Ethnograph of the local Radical Right-Wing
The far right has been living a renaissance in the past decade or so with movements and parties sprouting across
Europe, in Russia, Australia and also here in Malta. Their successes, electoral or otherwise have been mixed,
however, the phenomenon has generally been received with trepidation within the ranks of those supporting
liberal democracy, igniting recurring warnings of a fascist resurgence.
The following dissertation does not contradict this perception of right-wing radicalism as a threat to democracy
and pluralism, however, it presents an analysis which removes the local movement from this niche as a spectre
of a dark chapter in human history placing it instead in the wider and more mundane socio-political context.
The contemporary far right, it is argued, revolves around a diffuse protest against the status quo and a search
for a new cultural authenticity with which to confront the challenges of the historic moment it believes Maltese
society to be going through. Despite its invertebrate character, however, its protest, in its different forms coheres
around an antagonistic disposition to the egalitarian principle of solidarity underpinning secular humanism and
Christian philosophy, thus linking it to its notorious historic antecedents.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Being a prominent idiom of Maltese collective identity, however, Christian solidarity is the point on which the
local movement finds itself confronting the nation it claims to defend; a situation which is leading to the
watering down of its protest but also, consequently, increasing its potential to influence debate and public policy
into a more restrictive approach to the modern political question of social difference.
Mark Micallef
2007
Youth and Community Studies
o Radical Right Wing
o National Identity
o Ethnicity
o Racism
o Globalisation
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
o Youth
MEL
Title
Abstract
INTERCULTURAL LEARNING IN YOUTH EXCHANGES
As a result of mobility young people nowadays are coming in continuous and extensive contact with people from
various cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Accepting plurality of lifestyles, values, interests and behavioural
patterns is no longer a matter of belief or choice but a need. By understanding other cultures around the world
young people are able to interact more effectively with each other and make this world a more hospitable place to
live in. According to a study compiled by Abela (2001), people tend to dislike being with others who hold different
opinions from themselves, and the importance of the need for intercultural education is being stressed.
Effective learning can take place in many and varied contexts and it is possible for adolescents to engage in
positive learning activities and relationships informally in youth exchanges. These offer intercultural education
where young people can explore diversity through concrete experience within a guided environment. Their youth
worker is the guide who helps them to reflect on such experiences.
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of such exchange projects and how this fits with intercultural
education. This is inferred through what type of programme Maltese young people follow from the programmes
of the European Union and what is being implemented by young people guided by the youth workers. This study
is carried out using a triangulation through a qualitative and quantitative method on young people and youth
workers who actually participated in a youth exchange. The study is linked to the role, the youth worker can
play to encourage young people to participate in exchanges as findings indicate that the key source of success of
the exchange depends on him.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Through these exchanges the youth worker assists in maintaining young people’s personal and collective activity
across society while complimenting the work of the Youth Programme Unit, thus aiming for the recognition and
appreciation of international youth work as an important resource to develop society’ human capital.
Marthese Mifsud
2007
Youth and Community Studies
ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN MALTA TOWARDS DISABLED PEOPLE
This research study built on an emancipator approach engages in a preliminary exploration of how non-disabled
youth view disabled people through their perceptual and attitudinal approach. It delves into how disabled people
view themselves within society.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
The literature review examines in detail how perceptions and attitudes are formulated through the influences of
psychosocial factors. A historical overview of disability establishes how disabled people along the continuum of
disability history are viewed from the ‘cripple’ to the ‘disabled’. This will introduce the concepts that define the
theme disability and its related issues, illustrated through the prevailing situation both locally and on a foreign
level.
This phenomenon was studied through a qualitative approach methodology incorporating interviews, a focus
group study and fieldwork observation. Then in-depth interviews were held. Another six participants face their
contribution in the focus group. The age cohort of the research participants, being both disabled and nondisabled, varied between sixteen and twenty-four years. Fieldwork observations were held in both educational
and youth centre settings.
In essence, the main results corresponded with the theoretical aspects discussed in the Literature Review
highlighter factors of stigma, stereotyping, compassion, patronising and social barriers. These salient factors
emerged from both non-disabled and disabled youth responses. Non-disabled participants’ responses dealt with
how they perceived disability and related issues while disabled young people viewed their situation within their
immediate circle and society in general.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Acknowledging the prevailing circumstances so far, it was necessary to put forward recommendations for further
policy development aiming at promoting social action in favour of the empowerment of disabled people. Such
recommendations were in line with those suggested by the respondents themselves. These incorporated
structured educational programmes in favour of promoting awareness and acceptance of those seen as ‘different’
within both educational and recreational settings. Suggestions in promoting a non-discriminatory and
responsible media were made towards portraying an inclusive society. moreover, implications addressing societal
physical and mental barriers that disabled people encounter in their everyday life were dealt with in the light of
implementing on-going action plans to keep up with societal ever-changing struggles and challenges.
Marthese Romano
2007
Youth and Community Studies
EATING AND WEIGHT ATTITUDES AMONG A SAMPLE OF MALTESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
A Closer Look at Disordered Eating
Based on the conviction that disordered eating has increased over the past years this research project aims to
investigate the frequency of this kind of eating amongst a sample of Maltese University Students. In addition, it
also aims to study some descriptive differences among males and female subjects in relation to their weight and
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
shape.
By distributing a standardized questionnaire to 182 male and female subjects, it was revealed that 25 subjects
(14%) of the total sample population engage in disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. These 25 participants
consisted of 20 (21.97%) females and 5 (5.49%) males.
A close comparison of the attitudes and behaviours of these 25 participants with that of their counterparts
[n=157] revealed how disordered eating and eating disorders whether in full bloom or partially present plague
the minds of these people and disrupt their normal life functioning.
Females in comparison with males are more likely to engage in various abnormal eating attitudes and
behaviours in order to control their weight and shape.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The study finally attempts to put forward recommendations that may help young people and those who come
into close contact with them to prevent disordered eating and eating disorders. Various tasks and roles that the
Youth and Community Worker would ideally adopt are also included.
Natasha Grima
2007
Youth and Community Studies
YOUTH AND POLICAL ACTIVITY IN MALTA
Young people’s participation and contribution to the socio-political sphere is a subject matter that lacks research
and conspicuous data. This study aims to provide a contribution for the wider understanding and appreciation of
young persons’ roles as political actors.
This dissertation examines the level of political activity Maltese young people are most liable to participate in
and in particular, explores the conceptions, perceptions and motivations of a young political activist about being
involved in politics. For the purpose of this study, a triangulation method was used through a mini-survey
conducted randomly with young persons aged between 18 and 30 (N=92). Additionally, a series of semistructured interviews (N=10) with young political activists from the two major Maltese political parties
substantiated the secondary material about the subject. The data findings show that young persons’ most
probable level of participation is through vote casting, and that both political socialisation and psychological
factors play important roles in a young political activist’s lifestyle.
The study concludes with: (i) recommendations for the enhancement of civic engagement in young persons, (ii) an
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
explanation of the distinct socio-psychological aspects of youth political activism and (iii) the way forward for
future research on the same subject.
Stephania Fenech
2007
Youth and Community Studies
2006
MEL
Title
Abstract
ARE YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE ARMED FORCES OF MALTA HEALTHIER THAN THEIR CIVILIAN
COUNTERPARTS?
This dissertation aims at gathering information about the life style of young people aged between eighteen and
thirty-four years of age, that serve in the Armed Forces of Malta.
Malta It also seeks to find out whether the problem of
overweight and obesity is present within the ranks of the Armed Forces and if it compares to that of the general
public.
This dissertation is also intended to shed light on the usage of alcohol and tobacco products by these respondents
serving in the Armed Forces of Malta.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
When analyzing data it transpired that young people in the military are a reproduction of the young people in
society in general. Hence the problem of overweight and obesity is also present within the Armed Forces of Malta
when the latter should be an example of how young people should lead a healthier life style. A youth worker
employed within the Armed Forces ranks could help the younger generation by providing Health Education and
Health Promotion.
Captain Joseph Pisani
2006
Youth and Community Studies
IN TRIBUTE TO THE UNDERGROUND
This dissertation investigates the Electronic Dance subculture, and how it has evolved over the years. Focusing
on the original underground parties hosting less than two hundred people, the work moves on to describe how
moral panics happening in 1993 led the scene to explore into mega-parties attracting up to thousands of Maltese
youth. Concentrating on the present scene, the work describes how differences in social class, appearance and
power relations existing in the scene today have segregated the subculture’s members, giving rise to several
‘crowds’ pertaining to different DKs or types of parties. This study focuses on the existing disparities between
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
these crowds, and highlights their preferred drug of choice, as apparently different EDM scenes have differing
drug preferences. It also gives an insight to what happens at illegal parties, what the aims of illegal parties are,
why they occur, and what are the problems that illegal parties are presently facing. The dissertation combines a
triangular approach of research techniques. These include an extensive literature review, a semi-structural
interview with party promoters, as well as a focus group with members of the subculture. The members of the
focus group have all been present from the beginning of the subculture, all form part of ‘crowds’, are all
recreational drug users, and have all been to several illegal parties. In view of these factors, the participants of
the focus groups were in a position to comment on all of the aspects investigated in this study. The dissertation
shows that the Electronic Dance Music scene is dynamic and ever changing. It also reveals that a number of
young Maltese have embraced recreational drug-use and have shaped a life-style that revolves around the use of
music and illegal substances.
Joanna C. Buhagiar
2006
Youth and Community Studies
Title
SEX EDUCATION
Young People’s Views on Sex Education Received
Abstract
“U wish to displace talk of justice that regards persons as primarily possessors and costumers of goods to a wider
context that also include actions, decisions about actions and provisions of the means to develop and exercise
capabilities.” (Young 1990: 16). It can be argues that young people face social injustice in Young’s terms. Schools
do not prioritise a curriculum and a set of practices that open opportunities for young people to learn control over
actions, or decisions about actions: they do not always maximize the scope for developing and exercising
capabilities. Change in sex education is probably part of a wider campaign against the ‘poisonous pedagogy’ and
includes wider aspects of social justice.
The drive to sexual activity is biologically determined but it is a mistake to think simply or even mainly in
biological terms. The enormous variation in sexual behaviour within our society, between different societies or
groups, and across time can only be explained in terms of learning – of cultural and sub-cultural influences. If
sexual behaviour was something biologically ‘fixed’ then there would be little one could do about it. However,
potentially what is learned can be learned differently, even though the changing of learned behaviour is no easy
matter – particularly where it is pleasurable. Sex education could be the first key factor to address this situation.
This issue led this research to evolve into a small scale study to gain a clearer understanding of young peoples’
perceptions of the sex education they received during their secondary schooling. To do this, a descriptive
approach was chosen, mostly to maintain anonymity, and through non self-administered semi-structured
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
questionnaire, quantitative data as well as some qualitative data were obtained. The sample consisted of 150
young people, age ranging from 15 to 16 years.
A number of the young people stressed that although the sex education delivered in schools is aimed at young it
is very adult perceived. Some of the lecturers were delivered with a string bias according to gender and
sometimes to the school attended. These findings showed that most of the adolescents wanted something
different from the sex education they had received.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
While this study did not have a prescriptive objective, a number of issues did emerge. This research suggests
that some of the issues identified as important need to be tackled, but with the young peoples’ perspective in
mind. Most of all, though, there is need for those in high and influential positions, to take seriously the task of
listening to what young people have to say about their sexual culture, and then to create policies that allow those
committed groups working in the field to react flexibly and swiftly to the needs of young people. From these
findings, recommendations for future practice, education and research were drawn.
Louise Cini
2006
Youth and Community Studies
DELINQUENT INVOLVEMENT IN MALTA:
A Comprehensive Exploration of Social Control Theory
The aim of this study was to explore what might facilitate the involvement of young people in delinquency within
the local context. These findings are incorporated within the conceptual framework borrowed from Hirschi’s
(1969) social control theory. The thesis reviews of the relevant literature on the social bonds in relation to the
main agents of socialisation namely: family, the school context, the peers, employment and religion. qualitative
in-depth interviews with seven incarcerated young offenders were used to gather factual data. Using a grounded
theory approach the analysis focused on inductively derived themes. The emergent themes indicate that the
weakening of the social bonds in relation to the main socialising agents can hinder the adaptive functioning
within society thus allowing young men to deviate. The thesis concludes with a set of recommendations for
policy, service development and further research.
Melvyn Haber
2006
Youth and Community Studies
A CURRICULUM FOR YOUTH WORKERS TO IMPLEMENT THE NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Abstract
In today’s globalised society, education has gained impetus in the quest to keep up with the pace set by
technological advancements. The European Union recognised that to keep up with this progression young people
need to be educated holistically. Besides academic achievement, youth are required to develop various soft skills
to cope with cultural, economical and social diversity. Through informal and non-formal education, these skills
could be acquired.
This scenario presents youth work with an opportunity to gain further accreditation as an educational profession
considering that non-formal and informal learning are at its heart. Youth workers have the ability to use various
modes through which young people can cultivate skills not experienced through schooling.
Being a period where governments and financiers put high yields on the outcome, youth workers need to present
an action plan indicating how the services offered could meet today’s socio-cultural and economic demands.
Curriculum is one of the tools at the youth workers’ disposal that can be used to sustain its purpose and how it
can empower young people to become active citizens.
The intent of this research was to identify the main components in a youth work curriculum. This was possible
by gaining an overview of the four main curricular models, an analysis of foreign youth work curricula and
identifying the pros and cons of having such tool at ones disposal.
The Youth Empowerment Centres were considered as the best setup for data collection since these are run by
qualified youth workers. Through different qualitative techniques it was possible to learn about the services
offered and limitations of these centres.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The main youth work curriculum components identified were the mission statement, purpose of youth work, core
theme, planning, implementation, and evaluation. For its successfulness, young people’s active participation is
required.
Simon Schembri
2006
Youth and Community Studies
EXPLORING THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF YOUNG PEOPLE FREQUENTING POLITICAL CLUBS IN
MALTA
The study exploring the political ideology of young people frequenting the political clubs belonging to the
Nationalist Party and the Malta Labour Party was carried out using qualitative research methods in the form of
semi-structured interviews. Twelve young people frequenting different political clubs were interviewed. The data
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
was analysed using grounded theory. The study investigated the various factors influencing the choice of
political allegiance made by young people frequenting political clubs. The study explored the influence of family,
social class, partisanship and patronage networks on the choice of political allegiance made by these young
people. It also investigated their opinions on a variety of social, economic and political issues so as to determine
whether these young people adhere to the ideology of the political party they support and to the ideal types of
‘democratic socialism’ and ‘Christian democracy.’ All young people interviewed in this study were influenced by
their family background in their choice of political allegiance to the extent that a substantial number explained
their political allegiance in terms of kinship loyalties. Social class was the second main factor influencing the
political allegiance of young people frequenting Malta Labour party clubs. In this study political patronage does
not emerge as an important factor as only one of the young people interviewed has resorted to asking personal
favours to politicians and party officials who frequent the clubs. The opinions expressed by young people on
social and economic issues do not reflect sharp differences except that that young people frequenting Malta
Labour clubs tend to be more liberal in moral matters like divorce while some young people in Nationalist Party
clubs tend to more liberal in economic matters.
Sue Falzon
2006
Youth and Community Studies
ATTITUDES TOWARDS VOLUNTARILY CHILDLESS MARRIED COUPLES
This study investigated the attitudes of a sample of 200 Maltese participants towards voluntarily childless
married couples. This quantitative study used a telephone survey to examine a sample of 200 respondents,
divided into equal groups of males and females, ages 16-30 and ages 31 and over. Participants provided
demographic responses as well as responses regarding ideal family size, their reactions and judgement towards
voluntarily childless couple, whether they viewed childbearing as a choice or a duty, and what might have been
the reasons, in their opinion, for married couples to choose to remain childless. Results indicated that overall,
respondents had negative attitudes towards voluntarily childless married couples. A considerable difference in
mentality was noted between young people and adults. Age, status and education were found to influence
attitudes towards childlessness, while factors such as gender, locality and socio-economic statues were not
significant. Religious beliefs were found to have greatly influenced responses due to a vast majority of
respondents being Roman Catholics.
Tatjana Chircop
2006
Youth and Community Studies
o Voluntary Childlessness
o Attitudes Towards Childlessness
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
o Stigmatisation
o Family Size
o Childless Married Couples
2005
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
YOUNG PEOPLE AND VEGETARIANISM:
Social Movement or Sub Culture?
Becoming vegetarian is a personal and unique decision that each young person choosing this lifestyle makes. The
reasons behind this choice vary from health reason, concern for animals, environmental issues, spirituality or a
disgust for meat. This study seeks to understand what motivates young people to make this choice and if once
this choice is made whether these young people become part of a social movement or a subculture. For this study
I conducted thirteen (N=13) in depth interviews with young people. From the analysis of this study one may
deduct that vegetarians are certainly not a social movement, as no elements that constitute a social movement
were identified. However, although with difficulty due to the various definitions of subculture given by various
authors, vegetarianism foes posses enough elements to be considered as a subculture. Maybe more accurately it
may be defined as a subculture in transition. The behaviours, lifestyle choice, values and style is becoming more
and more accepted by the dominant culture and as a result the subculture is getting closer to mainstream
culture.
Fleur Blanco
2005
Youth and Community Studies
THE ADONIS COMPLEX
Body Building and Self-Image of Young Males in Malta
An Explanatory Study
The preoccupation with the self body image happens to be one of the more salient issues encountered during
adolescence. On the contrary to what has been believed for a long time, it involves young people from both sexes.
This study involving a number of local male bodybuilders, explores male body image dissatisfaction, also termed
‘the Adonis Complex’. A qualitative approach consisting of ten in-depth one to one interviews with a number of
persons involved in the local body building scene was utilised. Findings revealed that body image dissatisfaction
among young males is one of the main motivating factors behind body building. Other perceptions and
experiences from the backstage of the bodybuilding scene are brought to light and thoroughly examined. The
study ends with a short list of recommendations in relation to the local youth policy and implications for further
areas of research.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Joseph Borg
2005
Youth and Community Studies
Title
Abstract
THE MULTI-DIMENSIONS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
Citizenship education encompasses a plethora of dimensions and can provide healthy tools and skills for young
people to wield. This could help them to attempt to understand their own past, as natives of these Islands, their
present, with all of its democratic promises and fulfilments as well as their future, full of exciting discoveries in a
serene and healthy environment.
This research project is a comparative study and was carried out amongst young people at school, work and
following a tertiary level of education at university, using various methods of data-collection. A number of
interviews were also held with professionals in various fields who work, in a direct or indirect way, with young
people, followed by a focus group with secondary-school teachers.
The areas tackled include civic responsibility, the impact of the media and welfare. The analysed data is
presented in user-friendly figures, tables and graphs followed by an in-depth discussion on the findings.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The findings indicate that little bas been done following the submission of research dissertations by three
previous Youth and Community Studies graduates.
Louis Costa
2005
Youth and Community Studies
INDEPENDENT LIVING FOR YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
The Importance of Leisure and Peer Relationships
Independent living is a relatively new philosophy adopted by disability movements across the world. Having its
roots in the Social Model of Disability, it promotes a better quality of life for people with disabilities, which is
dictated and defined by themselves. The aim of this research was to explore the various factors influencing the
acquisition of independent living in relation to leisure and peer relationships. The hypothesis was that due to
apparent lack of transitional opportunities, many young people with disabilities fail to address the separationindividuation stage of development consequently finding it difficult to socialise in various situations such as
finding employment and developing relationships which might lead to more independence. The results of the
field study showed that parental constraints have a significant influence on the availability of choice in the lives
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
of young people with disabilities especially choices pertaining to leisure and friendships. The role of the youth
and community worker working with young people with disabilities was discussed and changes towards a more
inclusive approach within youth work were suggested.
Sonja Casha
2005
Youth and Community Studies
LEISURE & YOUNG MARRIED WOMEN
Leisure is important for all of society and for every individual, no matter what age. Young people in particular
have much to gain from participation in leisure activities, not only in terms of enjoyment but also as regards
socializing with peers and adults outside the family context. Leisure time gives young people the space in which
they can try out different lifestyles as well as a place in which to belong. The impact of leisure on society and
individuals is highly significant and its importance in the area of young people’s psychological, physical and
social development makes it a crucial issue in youth work. Unfortunately, much research into the area of leisure
highlights the presence of strong gender divisions. Through the use of sem0structured interviews, this study has
attempted to explore the leisure perceptions and experiences of young married women, identifying those aspects
of their situation which facilitate or constrain their opportunities for leisure, the meaning that leisure has for
them and their feelings regarding this matter. The importance of leisure for young people and young married
women in particular is highlighted and emphasized throughout this dissertation, and from the research findings
it is clear that young married women experience a highly substantial decrease in their leisure time once they
become mothers, and that this decrease is particularly circumscribed by cultural ideologies and the maintenance
of traditional gender stereotypes. The research concludes with a summary of the main findings and makes
recommendations for further research, policy and service development.
Stephanie Borg
2005
Youth and Community Studies
2004
MEL
Title
Abstract
STRESS AND COPING AMONG JUNIOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
This study attempts to explore the stressful events experienced by Junior College students and how they cope
with such stress. The number of developmental tasks coupled with the adolescents’ ambiguous status in society,
may make adolescence a vulnerable period.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
The literature review highlights how although adolescence is a transitional period that requires a series of
adjustments in various arenas, most adolescents negotiate these developmental tasks with little difficulty.
However, stress remains a major risk factor.
The methodological approach used in this study was a quantitative one using two standardized measures – the
Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Ratings Scale for Children (18 and under) (1967) and the Ways of Coping
questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1988).
The discussion then focuses and identifies commonly occurring stressors namely being accepted at a college of
their choice, terminating a relationship with a partner and beginning to date. It also addresses and talks about
common coping strategies.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The study concludes with recommendations for policy, service development and further research.
Annabelle Vassallo
2004
Youth and Community Studies
A STUDY ON THE APPLICABILITY OF “REINTEGRATIVE SHAMING” FOR MINORS WITHIN THE
MALTESE JUSTICE SYSTEM
The aim of this dissertation is to explore the possible introduction of the concept of reintegrative shaming within
the Maltese Juvenile Justice system, possibly also expanding this concept to juveniles under 18 years of age.
Reintegrative shaming is a process by which the alleged offender is offered a treatment-oriented programme as
an alternative to the existing judicial procedures. Synthetically, although this concept holds young people
accountable for their shortcoming, it also promotes their welfare, that of the victim, and of society. It attempts to
attain over-all justice by using alternative structure to extant ones attempting at the same time to involve the
community in the process. Chapter 1 analyses the theoretical approaches involved following the deviant or
delinquent behaviour of juveniles. In particular the labelling theory, the approach of the radical non-intervention
and the theory of reintegrative shaming are discussed. The Maltese cultural context is also focussed upon to see
how reintegrative shaming can be implemented. Chapter 2 discusses the development and application of
reintegrative shaming in the form of conferencing. Obviously, Australian and American literature are mainly
examined as it is in these countries that reintegrative shaming has emerged and developed. Chapter 3 discusses
the methodology applied. As this is a qualitatively researched project, the thirteen interviews that were
conducted were held with individuals who are professionally involved with delinquent youth. Chapter 4 deals
with the presentation of the data gathered and of its analysis. The results include both the opinions submitted
on the present juvenile justice system and the perceptions hinted at regarding the possible introduction of
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
reintegrative shaming. The understanding of delinquency in adolescents as being a transient phenomenon is also
investigated. Finally, Chapter 5 discusses the propositions that were forwarded to improve the local situation
including the introduction of new diversionary measures such as reintegrative shaming conferencing.
Astrid Camilleri
2004
Youth and Community Studies
YOUNG GIRLS, THEIR DRESS CODE IN MALTA
Clothes are regarded to be very important to young people especially for the adolescent girls. Clothes have
evolved over history and this brought about a change in the way girls dress up. Whereas in the beginning of the
last century, it was unheard of to see a girl without gloves, bonnet and stockings, today girls go bare as they
dare. Various influential factors are identified in the literature in relation to why young girls select fashionable
dress codes, including amongst others, peer pressure, fear of ridicule and rejection and need of acceptance. This
research study aims to investigate why Maltese young girls choose to conform to the latest fashion trends. Data
was collected by utilising a triangular approach through field observation, semi-structured interviews with
twelve respondents and focus groups. Through this study it was evident that young girls conform to the latest
fashion for various factors. The main reasons to wear fashionable clothes were to please oneself and feel good
about oneself. However, results also indicated that through their dress code young girls aim to create an
impression on other young people of both sexes for different reasons. For young girls, how they look and how
their friends see them is a very important issue since this determines their level of self-acceptance and selfesteem as well as their relation with peers. Pressure from media and youth culture also forced young girls to
conform. These findings also indicate that traditional values are still important in the lives of young people.
However, it seems that the perception of traditional values has somehow changed. Today young people tend to
interpret traditional values different to previous generations and this is reflected, amongst others, in their dress
code.
Celia Abela
2004
Youth and Community Studies
YOUNG PEOPLE TAKING ACTION IN THEIR COMMUNITY
An Environmental Youth Work Experience
Youth Work and Environmental Education have various features in common; the salient one being that they
both aim at bringing about change. Through Environmental Youth Work, which effectively bridges these two
themes, young people can find the ideal space to promote sound environmental friendly practices in their
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
communities. At the same time they are also being exposed to instances where personal, social and political
education is fostered in an informal way; simultaneously exercising their role as active citizens.
Through a practical pilot project initiated by the young people themselves, we attempt to demonstrate that
through awareness and action, young people can be protagonists in initiating processes of change in their
particular communities. The active participation of various sectors and members of the community as
stakeholders in this project was essential in ensuring its success and sustainability. This experience shows how
youth and community work practice could prove effective in translating environmental concern into action.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Being practical in nature, this project aims also at being a model for other youth and community workers to
follow.
Joseph Ellul & Paul Mangani
2004
Youth and Community Studies
MALTESE YOUTH CENTRES:
The Reality Within
The underlying principles of youth and community work are informal education, equality of opportunity,
participation and empowerment. In itself, youth work can be a form of critical practice, the seeds of which may
be found wherever youth workers have managed to create a special relationship with young people built on
mutual trust and respect, the sharing of power, and purposeful learning. Despite having particular aims
informal education can take place virtually anywhere.
In this study, we have attempted to explore the local youth centre/organisation scenario, through the use of
guided questionnaires, informal discussions and interviews. From a research perspective, we were interested in
the perceptions and experiences of young people frequenting youth centres. We tried to gain insight and a better
understanding of the existing dynamics within local youth centres, our central queries revolving around the
content of the informal curriculum provided and whether young people’s needs and/or wants were being
successfully identified, catered for and satisfied. We also attempted to obtain the perspective, knowledge and
experiences of the people who were leading such youth, as well as their credentials for assuming such an
important and delicate role.
From our research findings, we learnt that although an array of activities allowing for personal, social and
political education is currently being provided, young people’s requirements are not being entirely met.
Regarding the leaders, only one person was in the process of undertaking professional training in youth and
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
community work. Our research also revealed that although the concept of empowerment is a fundamental
element of effective youth work, it was not being embraced by all leaders. It therefore seems that Maltese youth
centres have yet to strive further in providing youth with an all encompassing and professional service that they
deserve.
Josette Grech & Christine Soler
2004
Youth and Community Studies
YOUTH WORK IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
A Proposal
The focus of this research lies on the two distinct professional domains of education and youth work (both of
which I am involved in personally; in the former as a practitioner, whilst in the latter as a students) and to
explore their complimetarity. This study shed light upon the impact that a modern approach to youth work in
schools can make in the life of young people thus making their institutional process more complete, pleasant and
fruitful. The world of youth comprises mainly study, work and various forms of leisure. Youth work in schools
can help youth to perceive school not just as a necessary evil in order to accomplish their future or, even worse,
as an abominable reality to live through in ‘damage control’ mode, but rather as a method of preparing their
future from an academic, emotional, social, personal and political perspective.
The type of research conducted was mainly a case study, pilot project kind of research. The initial part of the
research consisted in first hand observation of the operation of youth workers within schools in Rotherham, UK.
For a duration of one week, at Clifton Secondary School and Swinton Community School, I saw how youth
workers are integrated in schools; how they are part of all school activities and part of the school tem. Here is a
how youth workers make sure that the needs of the students are met so that the latter are in a better position
and more motivated to exploit education, training and work opportunities. The field notes of this case study were
discussed with ten heads of secondary schools serving within the Maltese educational system as well as with the
Minister of Education. By means of interviews, analysed in a qualitative method, I reached the conclusion that
although the majority of heads of schools were unaware of the existence of youth and community workers, once
the role of the youth worker was explained to them almost all of them opined that it would be beneficial for
students to be able to avail themselves of the professional services of youth workers within the school system. the
input of Maltese youth workers involved in some way with the Maltese educational system was also sought.
After analysing the field notes and the discussions, the possibility and desirability of the transposition and
appropriate adaptation of the observed system to the Maltese scenario was explored.
The aim of this study is to show how youth workers, due to their specific training, can offer priceless
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
opportunities to Maltese students in secondary schools, providing a different kind of education. It is hoped that
his research can serve as a basis for a project of integration of youth work in secondary schools in Malta, or at
the very least to stimulate the existing debate on this issue. Recommendations aimed at provoking further
research into this area are also forwarded.
Lea Dalli
2004
Youth and Community Studies
YOUNG PEOPLE, THE MILLENNIUM CHAPEL AND PACEVILLE
The Millennium Chapel is an oasis of peace and solitude for those that seek its service. Located in the heart of
Paceville, it lies amid the contrasts that normally characterise this hub of activity, which accommodates the
thousands of youth that visit it for entertainment purposes. This study explores how young people relate to this
needed project. In conducting the study the author used the method called triangulation. This involves two indepth interviews with competent persons who manage the chapel, the distribution of two hundred
questionnaires and the use of direct observation.
In this work I have attempted to evaluate and see if the objectives of the Millennium Chapel were being
attained. I consider this area as quite unexplored and hope that my findings although limited might illuminate
us and give us some indications. I discussed various subjects in conjunction with this area under study that are
supported by theories and the expert literature available. This included development, faith, morality,
spirituality, models of a church, the challenges young people face in their spiritual life and finally youth ministry
that focuses on the outreach dimension. Modern forms of worship were also outlined. I hope that the reader will
be enlightened about this particular subject concerning young people, where they can be in a situation where
they can socialise but also know how to be silent and personal in their contact with God, within the contrasting
elements of the Millennium Chapel and Paceville.
Patrick Gatt
2004
Youth and Community Studies
ROUTES
Tracking the Pathways into Drug and Criminal Careers
This qualitative study explores the different pathways into drug and criminal careers among a number of young
Maltese male and female individuals. Their ages range between 18 and 32. The concept of career is used
throughout this study. The data was collected by using in-depth interviews that consisted of open-ended
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
questions. This research uses grounded theory methodology.
It is evident that there exists various paths into criminal and addictive behaviour, and it may be trivial to try to
identify which behaviour precedes the other or to focus on initial causality. This study documents the
development of the drug and criminal career by identifying important contingencies, including the family, the
peer group, the school and the criminal justice system, that may contribute to making such pathways more or
less possible. it explores the onset, and commitment in the drug and criminal career. Self-concept and how the
individual comes to perceive himself are important themes throughout this research. The drug and criminal
lifestyle is also addressed.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
This study concludes with the major outcomes and recommendations for future research and service
development.
Santina Terreni
2004
Youth and Community Studies
MASS MEDIA AND BODY IMAGE
A Preliminary Study on the Association Between Media Consumption Patterns and Body Image among
University Students
It has been suggested that the mass media, in consistently portraying thin, muscular, stereotypically attractive
bodies, exacerbate the phenomenon of body dissatisfaction. Researches reinforce the belief that young people are
in a continuous struggle to achieve the ‘ideal body’ as portrayed by the mass media. This study attempted to
examine the association between mass media consumption and body image dissatisfaction among university
students. Both the quantitative and the qualitative approaches were employed in order to get a holistic view of
the issue under study. In all 200 questionnaires were distributed and four focus groups were carried out among
university students. The results indicate that a relationship does exist among the level of mass media
consumption and body image dissatisfaction among university students. This was also supported by the focus
groups’ results which indicate that mass media does exert pressure on young people. To be thin, muscular and
attractive. The differing factual and emotional responses of the male and female participants are also discussed.
Recommendations and future research directions are suggested.
Stephania Scerri
2004
Youth and Community Studies
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
NEEDS, PERCEPTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUNG CREATIVE PEOPLE IN THE VISUAL ARTS
IN MALTA
This research deals with issues related to young people who are inclined towards the visual arts and who are
currently attending visual arts learning centres. The term visual arts comprehensively ranges from traditional
methods which include painting, drawing, sculpture and ceramics to more contemporary artistic expressions
including digital art, photography and audio visual installations. The data for this qualitative research was
collected through twenty-five structured in-depth interviews with students attending the five main visual arts
learning centres in Malta. The students’ interviews are complemented by interviews carried out with various
authorities in the field of the visual arts.
The research attempts to identify the main needs of young artistically inclined people and the factors which
could enhance the development of an artistic talent. The aim of the research is to pinpoint the most important
issues related to the successful development of the creative potential of a young person. The research also
emphasises the importance of adequate facilities at visual arts learning centres and the reaching of methods
which comprises both traditional and contemporary artistic expressions.
Also pivotal to this research is the importance of art museums and art exhibitions and the perception of young
artist regarding the National Museum of Fine Arts and St. James Cavalier Centre for Creativity. Artistically
inclined young people have also resented their views regarding the availability of adequate exhibition spaces.
The research also touches upon issues related to the support young artists require in order to be able to mature
in their artistic development. It equally emphasises the importance of youth work as a means of facilitating the
personal creative expression of young people.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Young artists have also shared their concerns about artistic promotion and art appreciation in Malta. Are we
dedicating enough effort to art matters in Malta? After completing their visual arts studies, young people might
wish to embark on an artistic career. As the romantic notion of the ‘starving artist’ today seems to be no longer
applicable, the research attempts to identify the existing career opportunities for young artists in the field of the
visual arts. In order to attract further young people towards a career in the visual arts, it is important that
enough opportunities are available to them in order to get professionally involved in a creative sector.
Trevor Borg
2004
Youth and Community Studies
2003
33
Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE USE OF MOBILE PHONES
This study focused on the importance attributed to the mobile phone by youth. The data for the study was
gathered from three main sources: questionnaires, focus group discussions with young persons, and face-to-face
interviews with parents, youth leaders and teachers. The hypothesis to be tested was that most young persons
consider the mobile phone as very important in their life.
A series of resources, mainly Internet sites, were used to gather information for the literature review. A number
of interesting points emerged through this study, the majority of which supported the hypothesis of the
researcher. All sources of data confirmed that, nowadays, the mobile phone is no longer considered as a luxury; it
has become a necessary commodity. This communication device has become a necessity in the life of young
persons and it has been integrated in youth culture. It helps young persons organise better their social life. The
study also revealed that peers, media and parents influence young persons to own a mobile phone, with peers
being the most influential. Ownership of a mobile phone helps young persons feel that they belong to a group.
Moreover, the mobile phone offers them security and it helps their parents to have some peace of mind when
they are out of the home. The study also showed that sending messages is more popular than making calls. This
is mainly because through SMS young persons are able to maintain continuous social contact at a relatively low
price. While most of the young respondents claimed that they pay for their mobile expenses, others admitted that
they are supported by their parents.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
In order to compensate for the limitations of this study, a number of recommendations for further work in this
area has been included in the final chapter.
Agnes Pace
2003
Youth and Community Studies
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION
A Proposal
Children are not educated overnight. They go through an education system, which aspires to achieve what the
National Minimum Curriculum was set up for. an education system is an ongoing process, which is constantly
evolving because of the growing and changing needs of society. Young people are faced with an unavoidable need
to decide about their future. Career choices are made and some students decide to enter into apprenticeship
schemes.
This study focuses upon apprentices and their preparation for the world of work. The hypothesis of this
dissertation states that: Education fosters dependence on the Labour Market.
Market It tries to answer two main
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
questions – the first, whether apprentices are being trained to depend on the labour market and the second, to
understand specifically whether Entrepreneurship education plays a role in their schools’ curricula. The
respondents were apprentices from most of the courses available in Malta and their teachers. Also participants
of the course INT-Ibda Negozju tieghek, an entrepreneurship education course, were asked to answer
questionnaires. Later, a tracer study was carried out to understand the trends of past apprentices and their
actual aspiration of becoming entrepreneurs. Results showed that 8.6% of the apprentices who concluded their
courses since 1993 opened their own business with hairdressers topping the list.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The results of the respondents and the tracer study were presented to 6 Heads/Liaison Officers in order to gauge
their reaction to the results. Their responses provide insights into the needs of constraints of students. The study
concludes by giving some ideas and suggestions for the implementation, should it ever come into effect, of
Entrepreneurship Education.
Anna Maria Grech
2003
Youth and Community Studies
THE CONTRIBUTION OF FAMILY AND PEERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DELINQUENCY
This retrospective study explores the influence of family and peers in the process and development of delinquent
and criminal behaviour. It also attempts to identity a link between family functioning and peer interaction.
Research on delinquency and family relationships offer ample evidence that family structure and functioning
influence a child’s behaviour. Studies focusing on peer relations believe peers to be a potent force in delinquent
involvement. Research also suggests that family and peer dynamics are interrelated and that peers have a
greater effect on delinquent behaviour for those young people who have weak attachments to their families
(Hirschi, 1969; Poole & Regoli, 1979; Warr, 1993).
The literature review specifically addresses social bond theory, differential association theory and labelling
theory. It is presumed that these models throw a more direct light on issues relating to family functioning such
as communication, attachment, supervision, discipline and warmth and on peer relations such as selective
socialisation, peer pressure and increased opportunity.
Data for this qualitative study was collected through in-depth interviews with ten males. Seven participants had
served a prison sentence, whereas three were under the supervision of probation officers. The main issues
discussed during the interview were parental attachment, discipline, peer selection and peer interaction.
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From the data collected the family emerged as a strong contingency in the delinquent involvement of
participants. It seems that many of the participants experienced weak parental attachment, lax or harsh
discipline and parental conflict. Data indicates that peers influenced the escalation of criminal behaviour. This
study unveiled interesting findings in relation to peer pressure and its dynamics.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Recommendations for preventive programmes for “at risk” children and youth and the need for further research
are discussed in the concluding chapter of this study.
Claudia Aquilina Audino
2003
Youth and Community Studies
THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING YOUNG AND IN PRISON
The ain aim of this study is to explore the experiences of young men in prison. These are couched within a
conceptual framework borrowed from symbolic interactionism. A review of the relevant literature on the
experience of incarceration is presented. The empirical work involves in-depth qualitative interviews with
twenty young men who have experienced imprisonment within the local setting. Using a grounded theory
approach, the data analysis focuses on the way these young men experience prison in relation to the passage of
time, the inmates’ relationships with the authorities and other inmates in prison and their family and friends
outside prison. The difficulties that these young men come across during imprisonment such as lack of freedom
and privacy, the experience of disculturation, a high-rigid structure and dears from safety are also examined.
These emergent themes indicate that the participants’ concept of self impacts considerably on how they cope
with the overall experience of imprisonment. The thesis concludes with a set of recommendations for policy,
service development and further research.
Dorianne Coleiro & Lucienne Pace
2003
Youth and Community Studies
DRUG LAWS AND DRUG POLICIES IN THE MALTESE ISLANDS:
Perceptions Amongst Maltese and Gozitan Youth
The study assesses how young people in Malta and Gozo perceive the effectiveness of the current local drug laws
and policies. Moreover, it is also an attempt to explore how the Maltese and Gozitan young people, ages 18 to 30,
view drug use, drug users and punishment associated with substance abuse. Whether we, as a nation, should opt
for new policies including legalisation was also evaluated. A questionnaire was used as an assessment tool for
this study and was sent by post to young adults all over Malta and Gozo. From the Electoral Register, October
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
2002, the population was equally stratified in age, gender and locality and the sample (n=1040), was then
randomly chosen, yielding a response rate of 43%. Findings reveal that the mentality towards the use and abuse
of illicit drugs is changing although not radically. In fact, the majority of respondents wish to see a distinction in
the criminal justice response to soft and hard drugs and that drug users cease to be sentenced to prison. Much of
the money and resources currently channelled towards enforcement of laws should be used for prevention and
drug rehabilitation programmes. According to the respondents legalisation of drugs could be fruitful to varying
extent, however respondents feel that adolescent drug abuse and criminality will increase, and consequently
worsen the situation. This study forwards an analysis of key observations from the said survey and provides
various recommendations to the field of drug law enforcement and policy formulation.
James Gatt
2003
Youth and Community Studies
DETACHED OUTREACH AMONG YOUNG DRUG USERS
The Feasibility of Setting up an Outreach Service
The provision of detached outreach is a harm reduction approach aimed at reaching those who are least expected
to make contact with an agency. While to some extent the heroin using population may be seen to be in contact,
users of other drugs are still elusive to local agencies, and are constituting a significant hidden population. It is
towards such populations that outreach provision is particularly targeted with the fundamental aim of informing
them about the risks associated with drug-taking and supporting them in reducing or eliminating such risks.
Rather than turning drug users into patients, outreach aims to adequately provide help or services in response to
health needs.
Following a model proposed by the Council of Europe, this study is divided into three sections which, although
distinct, are extremely interrelated and the lack of any would have resulted in a weak base for any
recommendations that could have been made. The first part defines what constitutes drug use, abuse or
dependence, while the second deals entirely with various forms of outreach provision and discusses how outreach
can be most effective.
The third section analyses the findings emerging from the various research methods employed. Through
participant observation, as well as a number of interviews with current ‘outreach workers’ from the local
agencies and other key informants, it was sought to understand further the local drug scene. Moreover, a series
of highly structured interviews among thirty drug users were aimed at evaluating their harm reduction
knowledge. This qualitative data was supplemented by quantitative data emerging from secondary sources that
helped in setting all the data in its proper perspective.
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Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Finally, the conclusion includes a number of recommendations that could strengthen current outreach provision
or ideally even encourage the setting up of a dedicated detached outreach service whose need has been certainly
determined.
Jean Pierre Borg
2003
Youth and Community Studies
YOUTH WORK IN MALTA:
A Way Forward
During these five years we have come to fully appreciate and understand the value of youth work, which at its
very core signifies working with young people wherever these may be. In fact, across many European countries
this profession is gathering momentum, in that first and foremost it is being recognised as a profession on its
own merit. This in turn has generated greater job opportunities in various areas. Sadly, after more than eleven
years from the inception of the Programme of Youth Studies, the same cannot be said for Malta.
Despite the intense training received, both from a theoretical and practical aspect, and notwithstanding a
significant level of awareness, job opportunities are almost non-existent. Furthermore, when opportunities do
arise the role is either camouflaged by a different title, or occupied by other professionals. This undoubtedly
makes us wonder – will we ever find our place in the employment sector?
In order to make a case for the youth work profession one must first establish what resources are available and
which organisations would be willing to offer employment. This therefore prompted us to embark on this study in
an endeavour to investigate two main issues, namely whether graduate youth workers would be willing to
undertake this new role, and if job opportunities would be offered to prospective youth workers. At the same time
we carried out an evaluation of the Programme of Youth Studies in order to assess not only its content, but also
if it is in line with youth work needs in Malta.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Over the years we have come to appreciate and accept the important contribution youth workers make in the
field. In order to maximise their potential and start reaping the benefits of these graduates, the time has now
come to make a strong case for the youth work profession.
Nicolette Distefano & Daniela Spiteri Camoin
2003
Youth and Community Studies
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
2002
MEL
Title
Abstract
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
The Effects of Restructuring and European Union Membership
This dissertation aims to investigate the view of the community leaders regarding employment with special
emphasis on youth employment, in the light of Malta’s membership of the E.U. and the on going restructuring
process. It also explores youth perceptions on the impact on employment if Malta joins the European Union.
World globalisation is dictating full restructuring and even total rethinking of all out economical concepts. Youth
may not quite understand the changes that are taking place. Restructuring is needed whether we will be
members of the European Union or not. The Acquis Communitaire has prompted the Government to bring our
laws closer to those of the European Union. This may or may not affect youth employability and unemployment.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The methodology used in this thesis is both qualitative and quantitative. Questions have been put to community
leaders. A sample of young people were given questionnaires regarding this subject. i analyse the data, compare
it with the opinions of community leaders and the relevant literature. Hopefully one can arrive at a number of
conclusions on the subject. for the purpose of this thesis, I will utilise the Central Office of Statistics definition of
Youth Employment as those individuals who are aged between sixteen and twenty-four.
Anthony L. Cauchi
2002
Youth and Community Studies
ALCOHOL USE AMONG MALTESE ADOLESCENTS
Alcohol is found in almost every home and it is offered in many social occasions. In most societies young persons
are even encouraged to drink wine, beer and other alcoholic drinks. Alcohol is often experienced as a rite of
passage from adolescence to adulthood.
This research attempts to look into the motivational patterns and consequences of alcohol consumption among a
sample of thirty Maltese young people, aged between 18 and 25. The interviews were carried out in an office of a
language school for foreigners, situated in Paceville, an entertainment venue, which is specially frequented by
young people.
The literature review covers theoretical perspectives on alcohol use among adolescents, psychoanalytic,
behavioural, cognitive and sociological theories are expounded, while risk and resiliency factors relating to the
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
use of alcohol among young people are presented.
The young people in the sample find the environment where they meet their friends, during their leisure time, as
a motivation to consume alcohol as they associate drinking with sociability. At the same time, they would refrain
from exceeding alcohol use after they would have experienced personal, physical, physiological, and social
consequences.
This research recommends that society must provide resiliency-enhancing services, rather than indulging in
stereotypical remarks against youth. This, young people will demonstrate self-esteem and self-confidence, and a
belief in their own ability so that they will be able to have some influence upon their internal and external
environment (Norman, in Gullotta et al., 1994).
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
An expansive study is needed, as social actors, especially young people, should become aware of the risks and the
harmful effects of excessive use of alcohol.
Anthony R. Mangion & Joseph Grima
2002
Youth and Community Studies
SELF-ESTEEM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG MEN IN PRISON
This study has attempted to measure the self-esteem of young offenders during incarceration and to hypothesize
about its possible contribution to the young person’s present and future involvement with the family, educational
aspirations, financial independence and relationships with peers and partners.
Confinement and all that it implies in a correctional institution plays an important part in changing the
perception of the self, with implications for the self-esteem of those concerned. Studies conducted by social
psychologists such as Mead, Cooley and Harter indicated that even though the self responds to personal
perceptions and self-evaluations, it is heavily influenced by social interactions. The works of symbolic
interactionists Howard Becker, Lemert and Tannenbaum support these implications. This research investigated
how imprisonment may have affected the inmates’ self-perception of themselves in relation to the diverse social
contexts. The factors that may have enhanced the self-worth of the offender whilst doing time were also
examined.
In order to address the research questions a quantitative and qualitative perspective was adopted. A
questionnaire, together with a focused face to face interview were used in order to establish self-worth and how it
may have affected the inmates mainly in their relationships with others and future aspirations. Quantitative
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
findings derived through the Harter Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, reflected the inmates’ perceptions on
the various domains in relation to their self-esteem. Qualitative results highlighted the impact that factors like
encouragement and support from others, work and education may have on the inmate whilst doing time as well
as how they may influence his perceptions for the future, after he is released.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Recommendations for policy and service development that may contribute towards the inmates’ rehabilitation
and reduced recidivism also include the possible liaison of Youth Work with the Correctional Services in Malta.
Carmen Nygaard
2002
Youth and Community Studies
GENDER EQUALITY IN EMPLOYMENT
Young People’s Views
Young people in Malta, as in other societies around the world, are influenced in many respects by the prevailing
culture. To a certain extent they inherit norms established by previous generations, and in the natural quest for
their own identity engage in a process of synthesizing past experiences to construct their own perception of self
and of social reality.
This study explores a specific area that undoubtedly has a great influence on the self-development of young
people, that of gender issues, within the framework of the social arena of employment. A discussion is based on
the views and perceptions of 473 young male and female respondents who answered a questionnaire and a
further 12 young mothers who participated in focus group discussions.
The main objective of this undertaking was to discover the views of an opportunistic sample of young Maltese
people on various issues related to the concept of gender equality in employment. Steering clear of an in-depth
and lengthy analysis of local legislation in this regard, the underlying motive was an attempt to identify those
issues of most apparent relevance to young people. This led to a more in-depth discussion on their beliefs and
perceptions, particularly on specific issues surrounding the perspectives of childcare and the sharing of familial
responsibilities.
It is hoped that the conclusions and recommendations drawn from this study will offer certain insights into the
expectations, desires and perceived needs, fulfilled and unfulfilled, of Maltese young people. Such insights
clearly indicate that the majority of young people that participated in this study certainly value and embrace the
notion of gender equality in employment.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
It is believed that these findings will provide a significant extent of food for thought, within the context of gender
and employment, for both formal and informal educators, and other social players that are likely to have regular
encounters with Maltese young people.
Charles Micallef
2002
Youth and Community Studies
ECSTASY
A Social Recreational Alternative?
This research attempts to look at various issues concerning the recreational use of Ecstasy amongst Maltese
youth within the Dance/Club Culture. This dissertation explores 3 areas associated with Ecstasy use: the
motivations for Ecstasy use, the patterns of Ecstasy use and knowledge and attitudes towards Ecstasy.
The first two Chapters consist of a literature review, which include the history of MDMA, the effects and the use
of Ecstasy within the Dance/Club culture. The literature review also examines carious theoretical models of
substance abuse, and this was essential to sustain and furthermore enlighten this study.
The research questions emanated from the hype that surrounds this popular drug amongst many youth within
the Dance/Club Culture. The main research questions are intended to explore the reasons to why it is such a
popular substance aimed for recreational leisure use.
This study shows that Ecstasy use is providing Maltese youth following the Dance/Club Culture with an
alternative recreational leisure pursuit especially within social settings. Interviewees and questionnaire
respondents have explained how Ecstasy gives them this euphoric feeling whilst alternating their state of mind
and inner being, in order to escape their daily routines and stresses.
Author
Date
Throughout this study, participants have expressed their personal opinions regarding motivations for use the
drug experience, and polydrug use as well as their knowledge and attitudes regarding Ecstasy. The data in this
research explains why Ecstasy is considered as the social drug to be used in social settings within the
Dance/Club Culture, and why Ecstasy is a drug of choice for a particular phase in the young person’s life, which
will eventually be over-passed when the young person will change the lifestyle and start looking into other
aspects and walks of life. The study concludes with recommendations for further research and service
development.
Claudine Galea
2002
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Subject
Keywords
Youth and Community Studies
Title
Abstract
CHANGES IN EXPENDITURE PROFILES OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN A STEADY RELATIONSHIP
The main aim of this research is to investigate the impetus that changes the expenditure profiles of young people
in Malta when committed in a steady relationship and what might be the cause for this shift. Hence, the main
hypothesis is that steady relationships affect changes in expenditure patterns of young people.
The survey was carried out among 50 respondents selected randomly from Kana Movement in Malta and Gozo.
Chapter One is dedicated to a general introduction. It includes a background to studies based on the effects of
global change on young people’s lifestyles and needs, the effect of the media on young people in tandem with a
brief introduction on the concept of steady relationship as a determinant variable to changes in expenditure
profiles. It concludes with the aims of the research and the structure of the study.
Chapter Two and Chapter Three respectively incorporate the literature review and the methodology used for the
survey.
Chapter Four is divided into two sections concentrating on the findings and analysis of the research. Section One
deals with the findings of the main survey, while Section Two gives an in-depth analysis of the findings of a
representative sample elicited from the main findings incorporating six different categories of respondents’
income.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Chapter Five is the conclusion. It gives an in-depth interpretation of the findings and explains the limitations of
the survey. The main findings that emerge from this survey is that steady relationships are the impetus which
affects changes in expenditure patterns of young people. However, the majority of the respondents confirmed
that they are coping with their commitments related to the path leading to a married life.
Gaetano Vella
2002
Youth and Community Studies
DISAFFECTION TOWARDS SCHOOLING:
An Analysis of Motivating Experiences
Education is the principal means of fostering harmonious human development and of passing on cultural
knowledge, beliefs, values and skills from one generation to the next. In Malta, the educational system
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
progressed steadily throughout the ages and substantial amounts of human and technical resources were
persistently invested to upgrade the educational services to match those of other European countries.
Notwithstanding all this, the present system cannot claim to be working perfectly to accommodate the learning
needs and styles of all students. However, after teaching for these last thirteen years in an Area Secondary
School, I feel one cannot blame all the students’ misachievements and disaffection on the educational system. A
combination of factors and experiences are hindering students from reaching their full learning potential
resulting in a serious educational and social problem. This is what initially led me to my decision to delve deeper
into these motivating experiences. Therefore the main objectives of this case-study is to get better informed on
the students’ outlook towards their experience of schooling, to analyse the psychological, sociocultural and
environmental implications that have a bearing on the students’ attitude towards schooling; and to trace their
participation in philanthropic/voluntary organisations with the objective that these might serve as venues for
informal education. To obtain the information required, the research design was spread over five methods. These
included a review of literature, which enabled me to scrutinize contributions by other authors, a pilot study,
questionnaires for students, interviews for members of the teaching staff and parents, and an observational
study as I carried out my daily routine at school. Finally this case study discusses implications and puts forward
recommendations, plans of action and preventive strategies to elevate school disaffection once areas where help
is needed are identified.
Ina Ellul
2002
Youth and Community Studies
YOUTH WORK IN OUTDOOR EDUCATION
This research comes from a genuine need to address how outdoor education, a form of experiential learning, is
utilized within youth work. This is significant in the light of recent changes in the way outdoor education is
approached in other countries. Current studies indicate a shift away from the external product of a part of
centre-based youth work. This research sets out to identity links within the local Maltese context of the inner
process and the external product. This study utilizes questionnaires, interviews and research instruments to
identify common methodologies and perceptions of character-building, environmental education, challenge, risk,
and personal and social education with supporting triangulation data. These themes that occur in current
outdoor education literature, are developed as indicators of a coherent praxis of product and process. Results
support the notion that some Maltese youth workers rely on product at the expense of the developmental inner
processes. Perceptions of risk and risk assessment compete with professional training as realistic barriers and
conduits to outdoor work with young people within the local context. The findings are then sued to generate
discussion and recommendations to target specific support and needs.
James Craig Wightman
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Date
Subject
Keywords
2002
Youth and Community Studies
Title
Abstract
YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE MALTESE VILLAGE FESTA
The work is the result of a research that we have carried out among Maltese young people. The general idea
behind this research was to penetrate deeply into the souls of Maltese young people, seek and examine their
beliefs, thoughts, opinions, perceptions, perspectives and conceptions regarding their village festa. We tried to
find out what the village festa means to the young people in the towns and villages of Malta. Is the village festa
still relevant to them? How do they integrate into it? What are they getting from it?
Various definitions have been elicited. Festa emerged as a multi-façade activity and it seems that it is acquiring
different meanings over time. other important issues such as young people’s participation and attachment to
festa-partiti were explored in great depth. The research also sought to investigate the importance that the
village festa has in a young person’s life, what does this event bring along with it and to what extent is the young
people’s involvement in such festivities. The research highlighted various different aspects of the village festa.
The research also captured emotions, thoughts and preferences of young people within the community context.
In order to get a tangent picture of the latter, we analysed a sample of 500 questionnaires, conducted 20 informal
discussions and 10 interviews so as to cross check the validity of the information gathered. Furthermore both a
quantitative and a qualitative analysis of the outcome were carried out. The analysis was strengthened by and
compared to theories and literature which various researchers/writers did on the festa phenomenon.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
The picture produced in the end was not a clear-cut one. Some young people were in favour of the village festa
which viewed it as a manifestation of a desire to celebrate the community and a search for identity. Others were
against it and viewed it only as a social area that creates social jealousies, rifts, cleavages and discriminations.
For them festa equates harsh competition and divisive sentiments as individuals, categories and groups of people
compete for honour, status and power. The different perceptions mixed together imply and confirm that there is
no single definition for the term festa but there are various which make festa such a colourful cultural event.
Joanne Abela & Dorianne Cutajar
2002
Youth and Community Studies
YOUNG PEOPLE AND TERTIARY EDUCATION:
A Case Study
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Abstract
Statistical data provided by the University of Malta reveals that, notwithstanding the various reforms in
Tertiary education, and the State stipend system, the number of young people going to University from the
Cottonera region is still very low when compared to the number of students from the Three Villages.
The aim of this study was precisely to analyse in some detail the socio-economic conditions in the Cottonera,
which, I believe, are perpetuating this situation. To substantiate my findings, I even conducted a sample survey
among 100 young people from the Three Cities, aged 16-24.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
In the concluding part of my dissertation, I put forward a number of suggestions, especially in the educational
field, which if implemented, could help to rectify the situation.
Johanna Cauchi
2002
Youth and Community Studies
EMPLOYMENT AND EMPLOYABILITY:
Stakeholders and their Responsibilities
Societies spend huge amounts of money towards their compulsory education. Vocational training in turn
prepares individuals for their eventual integration in the employment sector. But, it seems that there is a
mismatch between the aptitudes of school-leavers and the needs of the industrial sector. It follows that apposite
instruction is necessary to cater for the ever changing industrial contingencies of the country.
The transition from school to work coincides with adolescence; both stages are intrinsically important to the
persona in establishing one’s own individuality and character. Through employment one starts to secure one’s
place in society. On the other hand, unemployment may actually portent a severe handicap, both financially and
socially. It could also lead one to delinquency.
The Economic Survey (January – September 2000) states that of the 6, 594 persons unemployed in Malta, 26.8%,
or 1. 767 are youths up to 24 years of age. In its bid to overcome unemployment the Employment and Training
Corporation offers training courses in some thirty different skills/trades to prospective job seekers.
Also, Malta’s bid for EU partnership has opened the doors for further study/vocational training abroad. Through
the Socrates and Leonardo programmes, students may travel to other member states to further enhance their
employability or, moreover, to seek employment therein.
But how informed are Maltese youths about such concerns? Malta’s pending application issue has become highly
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
politicised and most people would rather not co-involve themselves in any dialogue regarding the matter. This
study attempts to show the consequences of such a non-committal stance through the results obtained after
administering 700 questionnaires amongst youths in some ten specific sectors of our society.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The results obtained from the analysis of the data collected should be an eye-opener for all those who would like
to fathom further the truth of the matter.
John Cremona
2002
Youth and Community Studies
YOUNG PEOPLE’S AND ADULTS’ PERCEPTION OF CITIZENSHIP:
A Case Study in Baħrija, Malta
Rights and duties are the two main issues that are usually associated with the term citizenship. However, the
concept of citizenship encompasses other issues such as values and participation. One can also consider the
different forms of citizenship which the more common ones are: active and passive citizenship, environmental
citizenship, European and Global citizenship, cultural citizenship and political citizenship. It was the complexity
of this sociological concept that influenced me to undertake this research.
This study was meant to analyse young people’s and adults’ attitudes, perception and contributions of citizenship
and all it entails. The whole population of Baħrija, aged between 16 and 60, was taken into consideration. For
this purpose, a quantitative approach involving the administration of questionnaires, was considered as the most
appropriate which included a significant number of open-ended questions since I was also interested in people’s
experiences, attitudes and beliefs.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
The findings of this research included that a significant number of respondents feel that they belong to the
community of Baħrija. However, certain issues, including lack of participation and lack of some essential services
might be causing young people and adults to feel excluded from the community and society, and to be passive
citizens. It resulted that most respondents have a passive role in the community while most of those who have a
participatory role do so in church-related activities. Interestingly enough a large number of youth feel that some
adult members and role models in the community of Baħrija are hindering their lifestyle.
Lillian Portelli
2002
Youth and Community Studies
47
Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
THE PERCPETION OF HOME OWNERSHIP AMONGST MALTESE YOUNG PEOPLE
The objective of this dissertation is to study what lies behind the perception amongst youth regarding home
ownership.
A decent house can be regarded as a basic requirement for good living. Various empirical studies have shown
that Maltese culture has always considered home ownership a priority. Following this national trend, I
conducted a study amongst Maltese young people from different walks of life.
Using a stratified random sample, seven different categories of young people ranging from 18 to 35 years of age
gave feedback through a given questionnaire. Furthermore, a sample from these respondents participated in a
guided interview.
The study revealed very interesting results. For some young people, home ownership means independence and
life-long investment. However, a financial burden leads to additional challenges in life. Young people have to
work harder and are forced to change their patterns of lifestyle and leisure.
Women tend to remain working, prolonging the time to start a family. Furthermore, new trends amongst youth
are challenging the traditional norms and values of the Maltese family.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Finally, the study attempts to put forward a number of suggestions on how the expectation and needs of young
people can be achieved through developments in the system.
Simone Vella
2002
Youth and Community Studies
2001
MEL
Title
Abstract
COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
A new village square for the Maltese Community?
This study is an initial glance into how Computer Mediated Communication is being dealt with by Maltese
young people and what effects this is having on the community values perceived by them. a look into how the
introduction of computer mediated modes of communication, such as the internet, email, and internet relay
chatlines (IRCs), is effecting the Maltese community life, especially where young people are concerned, reveals
that CMCs may be either dismantling communities or actually creating new potentially stronger ones.
Interviews were held with adults engaged in the area of youth and communication while focus group sessions
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
were held with three different groups of young Maltese in the age range 16 to 19. A literature review was also
held with regards to the subjects of communication, community and change.
Findings reveal different attitudes to the change brought about by computer mediated communication in the
Maltese community. while some youth still consider computer-mediated communication as artificial and
community dismantling, others are using this new means of communication to initiate contact with others whom
they would not be comfortable to approach personally. This could also develop into a potentially positive arena
for strengthening relationships through direct meetings later in life.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The study is one that attempts to widen the discussion regarding Computer Mediated Communication inviting
readers to view the subject from a more positive and objective perspective.
Albert Debono
2001
Youth and Community Studies
LINGUISTIC ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS AS INDICATORS OF CULTURAL IDENTITY:
A Study of Maltese Youth
This study considers language as constituting part of an individual’s and a nation’s cultural identity. An
individual’s behaviour, attitudes and perceptions towards his/her native tongue form part of his/her cultural
identity and may be analogous to national pride. This study aims to explore the perceptions that Maltese youth
have of their national and cultural identity, through researching their opinions about their language. Hence this
study principally focuses on local interactions between the Maltese and English languages, and attempts to
ascertain which determinants may influence linguistic attitudes.
Drawing on various literature, this study focuses on theories of national awareness and how linguistic
functionalism, especially bilingualism and globalisation, may affect such. The literary review also looks at the
local context through presenting the historical development of the Maltese nation and language, as well as
current local linguistic patterns.
Through responses acquired from a questionnaire-based survey and semi-structured interviews, this study
determines that English satisfies the sample’s instrumental needs, whilst Maltese satisfies their sentimental
requirements. Moreover, this study establishes that globalisation and instrumental factors are causing a double
consciousness within this sample, hence creating separate, unequal, power domains for either language in turn,
this may be creating uncertainty that may lead to a cultural void.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
I chose this area because through language, I would like to examine the contemporary roles of cultural identity
and national pride. I believe this research needs to be undertaken because, unless awareness is fostered,
globalisation may irrevocably alter out national and cultural individuality, thus eradicating that uniqueness
which this sample considers so important for our cultural and national identity.
Anne Marie Cassar
2001
Youth and Community Studies
COERCED AND VOLUNTARY DRUG TREATMENT IN A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
This study examines outcomes of long-term treatment for drug abuse in a residential therapeutic community
setting. It attempts to analyse whether voluntary and coerced admissions to a therapeutic programme yield
divergent outcomes.
Expert literature reveals that supporters of voluntary treatment maintain that the person needs to have
personal motivation to change, as treatment will not be effective otherwise. Whilst those sustaining coerced
treatment argue that coercion is as good as any other means of motivation.
For the purpose of this study, relapse prevention, decreased criminality, sustained occupational activity and
ability to uphold interpersonal relationship[s are considered the main indicators of therapeutic treatment
outcomes.
The research design is based on qualitative methodology where in depth interview data is analysed with
reference to the findings of parallel studies in the field. The study was undertaken with twelve (N=12) persons
who completed the all phases of the drug rehabilitation programme offered at Santa Maria, a drug residential
therapeutic community run by Sedqa.
Findings revealed that outcomes of treatment in the two categories of clients were quite similar bit in the case of
coerced clients motivation was frequently lacking especially due to the fact that most clients still had pending
court cases that might lead to a prison sentence. The interviews revealed that was the rate of lapse or relapse
especially due to the use of alcohol on completion of the programme was common amongst both coerced and
voluntary clients.
The study concludes by examining the strengths and weakness of the programme followed by a series of
recommendations for the amelioration of services especially in relation to relapse during the last phase of the
programme. More detailed evaluations are also recommended.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Carmen Brincat
2001
Youth and Community Studies
Title
Abstract
YOUTH WORK CARES FOR YOUNG CARERS
In October 1997, a seminar was held in Malta with the aim of raising awareness amongst education and welfare
professionals about young carers. Young carers are children and young people under the age of 18 who provide
care to another family member, usually a parent, who has a physical illness or disability, mental ill-health, is
misusing drugs or alcohol. Consequently, young carers experience restrictions on their childhood development or
in their transition to adulthood. Therefore, this study has three primary aims. First, to continue raise awareness
of the issue. Secondly, to investigate any further developments arising from the seminar. Thirdly, to propose that
youth work can be of service to young carers.
The Maltese endeavour to be a ‘child-friendly’ society, yet given their cultural values and legal structures they
seem to face a dilemma when confronted with the issue of young carers. Their plight apparently diffuses
notwithstanding the importance that Maltese society place on children. On the other hand, it is socially expected
that care within the family be entrusted to its members. Thus, children are liable to be socialised into caring
roles and tasks. Similarly, Maltese law protects children’s developmental phase, yet it also inclines to endorse
them as carers.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The study discusses the roles of teachers/guidance teachers and social workers who have made contact with
young carers. The discussion aims to show that whilst all the above professionals can make positive
contributions, yet it is the youth and community worker who would be in a better position to establish links with
young carers, befriend them and eventually meet their needs and advocate for their rights in a multi-disciplinary
environment. It is my firm belief that we cannot ignore the plight of young carers anymore. Young caring is not
only a civil rights issue but also a human rights issue.
David Chircop
2001
Youth and Community Studies
APPAREL – THE UNSPOKEN LANGUAGE OF ADOLESCENCE
This is the result of a research carried out locally on a sample of one hundred respondents between the ages of 16
to 18, who attend two separate colleges. The main aim of this project was to underline the importance of clothing
consumption among adolescents.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
The main research tool was a set of questionnaires. A quantitative approach was adopted for the pre set
questions and a qualitative method was used for the open questions as to gain further insight into the
adolescents ideas about consumption in clothing and the psychological and sociological factors that lure
adolescents to spend most of their income on clothing. From recent literature, one can note that also Maltese
adolescents show a particular urge to conform with peers.
There seems to be a lack of education in this area both at school and at home. Consequently adolescents are
faced with the need to conform with peers and the media around them. There is a minute sign of empowerment
from significant others. This is the main role of youth workers, to teach and empower adolescents about the
pressures that are surrounding them. Once adolescents are aware about such pressures, they are capable of
becoming aware of certain issues and thus raise questions.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
It is hoped that this research will help any person who is in direct contact with adolescents. That they too may
empower adolescents and help them to become stronger individuals and not be slaves of conformity, enabling
them to be themselves without external aids.
Isabelle Grima Hammett
2001
Youth and Community Studies
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
Education is a vital socialising agent in society. It is one of the building blocks of society. The school is where
education is imparted and where children learn and train to become upright citizens. Citizenship education is
essential. It ensures that future citizens learn to value each other, respect the laws, and learn rights and
obligations.
The study considered a section of Maltese secondary school students and tried to establish young people’s
perception of the word ‘citizenship’ together with the rights and obligations pertaining to it. It also inquired to
what extent the education system is presently educating young people as future adult citizens.
The collection of information involved quantitative and qualitative methods held among private and government
schools students. Questionnaires and focus groups were held among eight schools.
Research results seem to indicate that while young people have a good knowledge of the meaning of citizenship,
they feel that a wider knowledge base is necessary for them to understand the implications of citizenship with
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
the rights and responsibilities that this carries. Moreover, it seems that students still lack some basic skills such
as communication skills, decision-making skills, and group skills.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Discussion and participation is not much encouraged, consultation with students is rare, and all responsibilities
and decisions are left in the hands of authority, in a didactic style of teaching. As a result students seem
unmotivated. A new approach of teaching where informal education is integrated within the formal curriculum is
proposed embracing a more democratic style necessary for the continued personal and social development of
young people. Participation, dialogue, and regulation are essential. Commitment by all concerned is imperative.
Youth and community workers have been specifically trained to deal with young people. They can help to
facilitate this important change and ensure that citizenship education becomes an integral part of one’s life.
Josianne Attard
2001
Youth and Community Studies
YOUTH CULTURE IN BORMLA
Social Reality in Cospicua Through Formal Structures
This study reflects the present Social Reality in Cospicua. The focus is on young people and attempt to identify
their culture. This has been particularly possible through a triangular research methodology approach using
qualitative and quantitative techniques together with personal observation. The contacts were made through all
the organizations which exist in Cospicua whose representatives collaborated and granted us the possibility to
interview them. The questionnaires were distributed to two hundred and fifty-six young people who filled them
out. This was possible through regular visits to state and non-state schools in which we tried to reach all the
young people who live in Cospicua and who fall under the eleven to sixteen years age bracket. Three interviews
were also conducted with the Parish Priest, the Vice-Major who is responsible for the youth and Education
welfare in the locality and with the Welfare Officer of the Social Security Branch at Cospicua. These persons
occupy key roles within the locality. The literature review presented in this study provides a thorough analysis of
the context of the City of Cospicua, characterized by history and trials of time. Finally, we put forward a number
of recommendations we deemed necessary to improve the social conditions which exist in the locality as emerged
through our study. We hope that the reader will find the information presented in this dissertation very
interesting, enjoyable to read and informative.
Lorraine Aquilina & Marcon Cassar
2001
Youth and Community Studies
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
YOUNG WOMEN HEROIN USERS:
Their Lives and Experiences
This study attempts to explore the psychosocial dynamics of female heroin addiction. Specifically, it seeks to
explore the lives of ten young women heroin users living in Malta.
The investigation highlights the gender-specific aspects of heroin addiction, from a young woman’s life before
heroin, the onset of her drug use and the lift she experiences in the world of heroin. A common theme that
emerges in the importance of relationships for the young women’s sense of self.
This study adopts a feminine approach based on a search for meaning rather than knowledge. Qualitative
research methodology allows the research to focus on the issue in depth and detail, data is gathered in
interviews with the ten women.
Analysis of the data challenges the traditional notion that a woman’s decision to use heroin is a submissive one.
These women make an assertive decision to use heroin. Paradoxically the world of heroin is extremely male
dominated: these women become entangled in the traditional pattern of dependence.
This study presents female heroin use within the context of Maltese Society. Society labels these women as
‘whores’ and not to be trusted. The women in this study express feelings of guilt and shame, knowledge of how
they are regarded by society increases their self-concept and impedes them from achieving a drug-free lifestyle.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
To conclude, this study suggests ways of improving the services offered to women heroin users.
Maria Colette Pisani
2001
Youth and Community Studies
THE DEGREE OF OPENNESS IN COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS AND ADOLESCENTS IN
MALTESE NUCLEAR FAMILIES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ADOLESCENT SELF-ESTEEM
Being able to communicate effectively is important in every phase of life. It is particularly important during
adolescence where young people are in the process of transition to adulthood (Coleman and Hendry, 1990; Emler,
1993). The ability in communicating is closely linked to an individual’s self-concept, that is, his/her self-image
and self-esteem (Noller & Callan, 1991). As adolescents grow towards adulthood, parallel adjustments are
needed by both parents and adolescents to facilitate the developmental tasks faced by the family and its
members (McGoldtick, 1989).
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
This study investigates parent-adolescent communication as reported by each of three different family members.
The focus is on the degree of openness in the communication and its effects on adolescents’ self-esteem.
Ten families, each comprising of the parents and an adolescent offspring, were invited to fill in the ParentAdolescent Communication Scale (Barnes and Olson, 1992), to assess their perceptions of the degree of openness
in their communication. This scale incorporates two subscales, which were designed to measure both positive
and negative aspects of parent-adolescent communication. Participants were also asked to support the content of
their answers by giving a more in-depth explanation.
In addition, adolescents were asked to fill in the Self-Esteem Index, SEI (Brown, & Alexander, 1991). The SEI is
an 80-item norm referenced self-report instrument to elicit children’s perceptions of their personal traits and
characteristic. The SEI comprises four 20-item scales: the perceptions of family acceptance scale, academic
competence scale, peer popularity scale and personal security scale.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The aim of this study was to see whether the correlation found in other foreign studies between openness in
parent-adolescent communication and adolescent self-esteem (Jackson et al., 1998; Barnes and Olson, 1995;
Noller & Callan, 1991) is replicated in this study. In conclusion the importance of communication skills for both
parents and adolescents as an aid to openness in communication will be highlighted.
Maria Mercieca
2001
Youth and Community Studies
FACTORS AFFECTING MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL WELLBEING OF YOUNG PEOPLE
The mains cope of this research study was to explore the local scenario on factors affecting mental and emotional
wellbeing of young people before suggesting promotion on awareness for such findings and discussing possible
alternative solutions if the need arises.
The methodology of this research study was based on a twofold approach: qualitative and quantitative
approaches. Literature was reviewed prior formulating the questionnaires and conducting the interviews.
Hundred questionnaires were distributed to mainly secondary, post-secondary and tertiary students in order to
measure their state of mental and emotional wellbeing. A pilot study was conducted and some alterations had to
be made. In order to apprehend a qualitative approach, I interviewed two health professionals, four social
educators in this field and four parents of young people.
Microsoft Excel operating on Windows’95 was used as to report and display the data in the form of figures and
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
tables. This display was vital to make the necessary contrasts, comparisons and to note relations between
variables.
Finally a variety of suggestions can be traced towards the end of this dissertation.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
This research project should be of interest and a helpful indication to all those prospective or practising youth
workers who are interested in understanding and addressing the complexity of adolescence.
Mary Rose Gatt
2001
Youth and Community Studies
TILL DEATH DO US PART:
WHAT MARRIAGE MEANS FOR YOUNG FEMALE FACTORY WORKERS
The social class of one’s family is known to affect patterns of socialization and influence one’s attitudes and
expectations of marriage – with the working class and middle-classes approaching marriage and socializing
children in different ways. It was presumed that machine operators come from working-class families in which
parents perform segregated conjugal roles and socialize children according to strict traditional gender roles.
This qualitative study explored the attitudes and expectations that eleven female machine operators have
towards marriage. Data was gathered by means of group discussions and in-depth semi-structured interviews.
Themes explored include: demography, education and work, parental relationships, relationships with
boyfriends, reasons for love and marriage, wedding plans, marriage and work, traditionalism, romanticism and
marriage breakdown. From these questions, the respondents’ social-class position could be assessed and their
approach to marriage could be explored.
Results show that respondents come from working-class backgrounds and that parents seem to have influenced
ideologies about marriage and traditional marital roles. Respondents also seem to have romanticized idealistic
views and expectations of marriage perhaps through the influence of media. They also seem sure they can solve
marital problems alone. Additionally, gender role socialization seems to have influenced the respondents’
passive, submissive behaviour and boyfriends’ seemingly greater power in the relationship.
Traditional marital roles and idealistic marital expectations are believed to be some causes of marital
dissatisfaction and disappointment. It is therefore recommended that further research be undertaken with
representative samples of female machine operators, females and Secondary school boys and girls so as to have a
better understanding of their expectations. It is also recommended that marriage preparation courses be
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
provided in schools and at work. If early marriage preparation courses were provided perhaps there would be
fewer disillusioned individuals and less marital breakdown.
Miriam Mintoff
2001
Youth and Community Studies
YOUTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN MALTA:
Is the Maltese Education System Preparing Youth for the World of Work?
This dissertation endeavours to establish whether or not the Maltese education system is preparing Maltese
young persons for the world of work in relation to the changes which technology and globalisation are bringing in
their wake.
Employment and education have always generated a great deal of interest and until recently were considered as
being two separate and distinct areas which were not necessarily related one to the other. This is no longer the
case and education is being seen as the foundation of a country’s economic growth.
Furthermore, much debate is taking place with regards to the fact that a substantial number of young persons
are finishing secondary school either unable to read and write and/or not being numerate, or else can do so but
with much difficulty.
These elements are the focus of research behind this dissertation. It will endeavour to establish whether or not
the Maltese Education System is functioning as it should; whether or not it is equipping young persons with the
basic skills which they need in order for them to find employment; whether it is acting in conjunction with the
needs of the Maltese economy and if not, what steps are being taken for it to do so.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Bearing in mind that Malta is a microstate with its one and one natural resource being its own people, their
education is crucial to the well-being of the nation as a whole. Consequently every young person who finishes
secondary school bereft of the basic skills with which to maximise his/her potential is a loss of the country’s
present and future prosperity.
Raymond Fava
2001
Youth and Community Studies
1999
57
Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
SCHOOL MISCONDUCT AND DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR
Most of a young person’s time is spent at school. This serves as the important link between what one learns at
home within the family and what society has in store for each and every one of us. It is important that one
makes the most of the time sent in the classroom because, besides character formation, a young person is given
the preparation needed for the next step in life – the work place. It is likely that school misconduct may impinge
on the educational process of the character formation and career development. In some instances, it may even
lead to engagement in delinquent behaviour and systematic investigation has confirmed that this is a pervasive
phenomenon.
This dissertation aims to explore the relationship between various forms of school misconduct such as bullying
and truancy. This study forwards an extensive review of expert literature with the purpose of identifying the
causes and characteristics of such phenomena and their links to delinquent behaviour. A retrospective study,
through a series of face-to-face interviews with a number of inmates residing at Substance Abuse Therapeutic
Unit (S.A.T.U.), Mtahleb, was conducted to explore the link between what went on at school during their
educational process and their eventual delinquent behaviour. Consideration as also given to exploring how other
factors, apart from those related to educational process, were linked to their eventual involvement in delinquent
behaviour. Concurrently, a number of unstructured questionnaires were distributed among a pre-selected group
of Heads of Schools (N = 8). These addressed causal aspects and preventive issues related to school misconduct.
We also looked at various theories related to education and delinquency to substantiate our findings.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
This study’s findings indicate that more resources are needed to deal effectively with students who are already
misbehaving and to protect those at risk. It is important to monitor and evaluate the success of the different
kinds of approaches and methods used.
Alexander Craus & Eric Saliba
1999
Youth and Community Studies
SOME EXPLANATIONS FOR MARITAL HAPPINESS AND MARITAL DISTRESS
This research tries to give and find some explanations for marital happiness and marital distress. Departing
from an analysis of papers concerning research literature about different aspects of behaviour between spouses
in happy, and distressed marriages in particular, this research study concentrates on couples’ communication
patterns, financial input, children, power issues, the time spouses spend together, their leisure activities,
behaviour exchange and spouse roles. Spouses in happy and distressed relationships were given an individual
interview/questionnaire and an in-depth interview, both separately and as a couple. This provided data for both
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
narrative and analysis.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Although the sample taken was only made up of two couples, one happy and one distressed, results show that
there is a difference in behaviour when the happy couple is compared to the distressed one. These findings
suggest that although marital happiness or distress could be caused by many factors, spouse behaviour plays a
very important role. Communication skills, the time spouses spend together and the respect that spouses have
for each other are crucial elements in marital relationship and could easily be the cause of happiness or distress
between a couple.
Anthony Agius Decelis
1999
Youth and Community Studies
REACHING UNDERPRIVILEGED YOUTH THROUGH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT
This study highlights the need for the development of a physical and sport programme targeting underprivileged
young persons. A literature review summarizes several studies that attempt to define who are the
underprivileged young persons. Individual characteristics and deficits as well as environmental factors that lead
to a young person being considered as such are looked into. The rationale for applying a physical exercise and
sport programme as a prevention programme to these youths is also discussed, since getting the programme to
be accepted requires a greater level of justification than just potential fitness benefits.
Through information collected from questionnaires and interviews, the research determines whether prospective
youth and community workers feel the necessity to be given the basic information concerning the organization of
sports activities. Furthermore, the research also establishes whether any such prevention programmes exist in
any of the organizations or institutions that cater for underprivileged young persons. The introduction of at least
a unit in Physical activity and Sport in the Youth and Community Studies course at the University is
recommended. Also the initiation of a Physical Exercise and Sport program, in places where underprivileged
young persons are being taken care of, is elicited.
Carmel Grech
1999
Youth and Community Studies
THE MISSING ELEMENT IN THE LINK BETWEEN EDUCATION AND WORK
During my three year term as Human Resource Manager in an industrial plant, I encountered many young
people (mostly sixteen year olds) who came to apply for employment. What triggered my curiosity and what
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
finally led me to my decision to research the missing element in the link between education and work was the
fact that a majority of these young people were illiterate. But what impressed me more, was their attitude and
eagerness to leave school and start to work which made me ask several questions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Where has the education system gone wrong?
What family background do these young people have?
Was this ‘running away’ from school their covert way of resistance?
Could it be because the school failed to provide enlightenment and empowerment according to its raison
d’etre?
What are the sociological implications here?
Is the human factor of any consequence in education?
When I began to do all the necessary research in this area, I found a wealth of literature on the subject which
helped me considerably.
My research involved ten female industrial workers, all coming from working-class families. By means of
interviews, I reached the conclusion that they all shared one common disappointment at school, namely the lack
of regard for students’ needs which proves that education’s ideology overlooks young people’s needs and their
‘real’ world especially where the family background is working-class. Maintaining class stratification in a classconscious society renders education a tool which prepares young people for an unequal future and its main
functions are the reproduction of a dominant ideology which leaves no room for human consideration.
I based my dissertation around the sociological perspectives of education, taking into consideration contributions
by Sultana, Giroux, Clarke and Willis among others.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
I hope that this dissertation will make a contribution towards finding the missing element in the link between
education and work.
Cecilia Testa
1999
Youth and Community Studies
YOUNG PEOPLE’S INVOLVEMENT IN VOLUNTARY WORK
Volunteering affects and interests people hailing from all walks of life, gender and age. Young people are no
exception. They are able to give their free time to benefit others in many different areas. Of equal importance is
the fact that voluntary work compliments the development on the adolescent, whereby young people move away
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from their family in search of activities that give them meaning and identity. Understanding youth volunteering
in Malta is therefore essential to understanding the role of volunteering in local youth culture.
This research study elicits information about the various phenomena that attract young people the volunteering.
Fourteen participants with a significant history of involvement in voluntary work were interviewed about their
voluntary experience as youths.
Maltese youths involve themselves in all forms of voluntary work: human welfare, development, environment,
sport, political, animal welfare, and others. in this study, all participants interviewed had been carrying out
voluntary work since their early teens, suggesting that the onset of volunteering at a prime age in adolescence
may be a positive contributory factor to acquiring an ethos of volunteering. Thus, the concept of ‘catch them
young’ is more than a slogan for developing a strategy to enhance the spirit of voluntarism. Various motivations
to volunteering at different ages were identified.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
At the same time, it is becoming increasingly more difficult to get youths attracted to volunteering in a situation
of continuous increasing competition demands. Volunteering has therefore to become more attractive. Some
possible ways of rendering volunteering more attractive to young people are identified and discussed in the
study, including: marketing the voluntary ethos; providing a variety of accessible, flexible, and exciting
opportunities for youth voluntary work; increasing support and training for youth volunteers; and providing
remuneration of significant costs incurred during voluntary work.
Celine Ann Schranz
1999
Youth and Community Studies
THE REPERCUSSIONS OF PARENTAL SEPARATION ON THE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
OF YOUNG PEOPLE
The main objective in this study is to give a better understanding of the repercussions that parental separation
has on the personal and social development of young people.
This thesis commences with an extensive literature review exploring the functions, the structures and the roles
of the family, with special references to the Maltese family and the adolescent in the family. an insight into the
personal and social development in young people focuses on self-esteem, identity formation and attachment
styles, as well as the relationships with parents, peers and friends. The repercussions of parental separation on
the above-mentioned processes of development are also discussed.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
The empirical work is performed by a qualitative research methodology. One purpose of qualitative methods is to
discover important questions, processes and relationships and not only test them.
The study concludes with main results, propositions and recommendations derived from the interpretation of the
data. The findings from the empirical work highlights that parental separation is very distressing for young
people and may have significant repercussions on the self-esteem, attachment styles and social relationships
discussed in this study.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
As concluding remarks, the implications for policy and service development are discussed. It is recommended
that it is of utmost importance to establish professionally trained teams consisting of youth and community
workers to help young people overcome difficulties they experience when their parents separate.
Diane Pace Debono
1999
Youth and Community Studies
ANOMIE AND SOCIAL STRAIN:
Applying Anomie Theory to the Understanding of Male Criminal Behaviour in the Maltese Social Context
Anomie theory is generally associated with the two classical sociologists, Emile Durkheim (1897) and Robert K.
Merton (1938). The concept has become progressively broader over the years, diverging into empirical
examinations and theoretical discussions that attempt to explain the relationship between social strain, deviant
and criminal behaviour. The most notable of these is the revision of the theory by Agnew (1985, 1992) whose
approach extended the concept of strain beyond that understood by Merton as the discrepancy between
aspirations and expectations, to encompass multi-dimensional sources of strain. It is on this approach where the
focus of this study lies, concentrating on how strain is affected by both macro structural determinants and
individual experience within primary institutional settings. Detachment and lack of commitment to social
institutions are examined to understand the process of disintegration and deregulation, and whether weak social
control may increase strain by contributing to the pursuit of unlimited or unattainable goals. This research
identifies various sources of strain that act as determinants of crime in the Maltese social context,. Such as
status deprivation, unfulfilled foals and unrealistic expectations, malintegration, social disorganisation, lifestyle,
and subcultural behaviour. Importance is also placed on the identification of other factors that may not be
necessarily related to strain, but contribute to delinquent and criminal behaviour. These include the notion of
low self-esteem, value transmission and role imitation, social stratification and lack of economic opportunity,
labelling, and media.
The research design is based on qualitative methodology where data is analysed within a grounded theory
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framework. The sample is limited to eight male criminal offenders between the ages of 22 and 32, who are
presently undergoing a rehabilitation programme at the Substance Abuse Therapeutic Unit. This Unit forms an
integral part of the Corradino Correctional Facility.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
This study concludes with the recommendation for the provision of further knowledge and training to youth and
community workers in the judicial process and the adjudicatory stage. Continuity in research studies testing the
theory is also emphasised.
Doreen Balzan
1999
Youth and Community Studies
YOUNG PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION OF CITIZENSHIP:
A Comparative Study
Structural changes help to form and renew society. Citizenship perspectives are vital issues to any society.
Maltese society has a long history of domination which rooted norms, perceptions and believes in our people.
Citizenship should concern all ages, yet it seems that only a small part of the Maltese population really knows,
what it entails and how one should act in today’s new forms of citizenship.
This study aims at analysing Maltese Working peoples’ attitudes and contributions towards citizenship and civic
responsibility. Although respondents seem to be active, their participation is not taking place as a form of
commitment. Enquiring doubts question the role of Maltese society in regard to lack of proper direction and
encouragement to youth from the adult generation.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Education seems to be the key which enables individuals to reach full personal development and become ‘good’
citizens as much as possible. In a fast changing society individuals are to be equipped with lifelong learning and
thinking skills necessary to acquire and process information. Participation helps young people to foster a greater
sense of belonging and a feeling of national identity.
Josephine Baldacchino
1999
Youth and Community Studies
EMPOWERMENT THROUGH UNDERSTANDING:
An Adlerian Perspective
Abstract
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Joyce Callus
1999
Youth and Community Studies
Title
Abstract
PERCEIVED STRESS, WORK DEMANDS, NEEDS AND FULFILMENT OF MALTESE POLICE OFFICERS
The objective of this dissertation is to assess perceived stressors and work demands of Maltese police officers.
The study also aims at eliciting and examining job motivation and satisfaction needs and fulfilment in the light
of existing literature.
Using a same questionnaire with a stratified random sample of fifteen per cent of the entire police corps, the
study delves into comparisons in attitudes and beliefs, while attempting to find the positive and negative aspects
of this profession, as seen through the eyes of the respondents. It was made a point that the sample would
represent all the different sections and ranks that make up the police force.
Results were also compared to a smaller, similar study that was carried out with a representative sample of the
Scottish Police officers, in 1997 (using the same questionnaire). Apart from the quantitative aspect of the study,
a qualitative approach was also adopted by means of unstructured interviews with police personnel of different
ranks and working experiences, which helped to bring out more the humane side of the respondents.
From the findings, it transpired that, on the whole, the majority of police officers view their job positively, and
seem to be achieving a great sense of self-fulfilment. Yet a number of stressors are blatantly causing undue
stress to a good number of respondents.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The study finally attempts to put forward recommendations on how the needs and expectations of this group of
people can be met, thus rendering their work less stressful and consequently more intrinsically and extrinsically
motivating and satisfying.
Rose Anne Cauchi
1999
Youth and Community Studies
HURDLES:
Difficulties Encountered by Drug Abusers in Their Role as Young Parents
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of difficulties in parenting caused by addiction in young
parents. The qualitative research instrument was a semi structured interview schedule informed by an extensive
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literature review of parenting, the family and addiction. The sample consisted of five females and vie male
interviewees attending rehabilitation programmes organised by Caritas and Sedqa, local drug rehabilitation
agencies. The age range of the interviewees was 19 to 30.
The data showed clearly the occurrence of personal, health, social, economic, occupational and legal difficulties
caused by addiction. The results showed a Spill-over Effect of drug-related difficulties which also had an
influence on parenting, children and family, and on the wider community. chronic lack of interest, loss of selfcontrol, hospitalisation, withdrawal symptoms, conflict with spouse, labelling and stigmatisation, incurring of
debts, stealing, loss of job and imprisonment figured, among others, as difficulties resulting from addiction and
from society’s perception of the addict. The data also indicated that these drug-related difficulties rendered the
parents unable to cope with their children’s affective and physical demands. The playing out of parental roles
was negatively affected by these difficulties and problems.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
The results show implications for parenting, for specific social sectors, and for society at large. They indicate
some important needs for the targeting of young addicted parents as a specific group for rehabilitation; for the
provision of counselling to addicted parents about parenting skills, and for rehabilitation rather than merely
punitive sentencing.
Saviour Spiteri
1999
Youth and Community Studies
1998
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
A CRITIQUE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION
This thesis looks at the aims, syllabus content and other relative information of subject relating to political
education. This will be accompanied (in the appendix) by a description of the content of subjects which deal with
political education (derived from interviews with purposely selected officials from the educational department).
The first chapter presents a critique on political education as it is featured in the National Minimum
Curriculum. A critical analysis of different pedagogies and teaching methodologies will be presented to support
this critique. The second chapter will present recommendations on how political education can be more
effectively incorporated within the curriculum.
Josephine Aquilina
1998
Youth and Community Studies
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
THE SELF ACTUALISATION OF STRAIGHT MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH GAY MEN
Theory and research concerning sexual orientation has been restricted in its scope and influence by the lack of
clear and widely accepted definitions of terms like heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual.
This work is a study of seven male individuals who cannot be labelled by any of the terms mentioned above.
Notwithstanding the fact that these people have the occasional same sex encounter, this factor dies not in any
way interfere with their self perception of being completely heterosexual. They are not completely heterosexuals,
not equally bisexuals and not completely homosexuals.
This assumption was confirmed after conducting interviews with these young men and specifically discussing
with them certain factors in relation to their sexual behaviour with other men.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Each factor’s outcome was analysed. It resulted that these people are neither homosexual nor bisexual. Therefore
they can be referred to as people with “Homosexual Behaviour” as this can be defined as a sexual act between
two people of the same gender. Persons with homosexual behaviour, their sexual desires are just as real, just as
important as heterosexual and homosexual desires. One should not be forced to choose either a heterosexual or
homosexual life, by doing so one will be denying his own true orientation.
Albert-James Catania
1998
Youth and Community Studies
CITIZENSHIP AND CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY:
A Sociological Perspective
Every society passes through a process of formation throughout the course of its history. Citizenship evolves
alongside societies and the more complex they become in nature, the caster the dimension citizenship takes.
Citizen status has changed tremendously through the centuries however, inequalities in terms of inclusion and
exclusion still prevail in today’s Western democratic states, and Malta is no exception.
As the legal rights of citizenship are established through laws, the social rights of citizenship may not be so
clearly defined. Citizens are expected by society to be committed to social participation, but are the members of
the community being trained and allowed the possibilities of participation? Individuals are not born with a sense
of responsibility, they need to be guided to it.
This study forwards an overview of the sociological literature on citizenship and civic responsibility emphasising
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
the role of T.H. Marshall in setting the theoretical boundaries of this subject of sociological interest. Moreover, it
aims to arrive at a preliminary assessment of the attitudes, perception and behaviour of Maltese University
students with regard to citizenship and civic responsibility. Findings reveal that respondents have an
understanding of the notions of citizenship however, the sense of civic responsibility, participation in decisionmaking processes and social activity is hindered by a lack of opportunity and direction provided by mainstream
socialising agents.
Angele Patiniott
1998
Youth and Community Studies
THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF ARTISTIC EXPRESSION AND ITS RELATION TO YOUTH INTERACTION
WITHIN THE COMMUNITY
This study begins with an extensive literary investigation into the social dimension of artistic expression that
draws from both philosophical and sociological discussions into the question What is Art?
Visual language can express basic ideas about self and others as well as the social, technological and political
environment of the postmodern world into more immediately than verbal idioms. The findings have supported
the importance of visual art expression as a means whereby young people symbolically both create and project
themselves. Research was conducted by means of two sets of detailed questionnaires, the first of which was
addressed to various young students of art and art history, while the second targeted a number of established
artists and art teachers.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The research also demonstrates that the conviction of art as social good, though frequently emphasised in policy
statements as well as in the media and the community at large, is characteristically rendered nothing more than
lip service. This has left Maltese society and young talent sorely lacking on all fronts.
Christine Grixti
1998
Youth and Community Studies
DRUG PREVENTION FOR YOUTH AT HIGH RISK
This study highlights the need for developing, piloting and evaluating a Drug Prevention Programme targeting
Youth at High Risk. A literature review summarises a number of recent theories, which attempt to explain
substance misuse, and explores a number of known risk and protective factors delineating a biopsychosocial
approach. A general analysis of the costs incurred by society at large in the prevention and treatment of the drug
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
problem shows current efforts and highlights the lack of secondary prevention initiatives locally. Secondary
information gathered from a scrutiny of client files at the Substance Misuse Detox Out-Patient Centre and the
Sedqa Drug Community Service and five interviews with experts in the drug field help in the identification of
risk factors and risk groups in the local population. The piloting of a secondary drug prevention programme for
Trade School Boys is carried out and evaluated. Suggestions and recommendations which indicate possible
courses of action are also made.
Gabriella Calleja & Remona Cuschieri
1998
Youth and Community Studies
FAMILY DYNAMICS IN MALE ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE MISUSE PROCESSES
The discovery that one’s son or daughter is abusing drugs carries with it intense feelings and emotions. Working
closely with young substance misusers and their families brings to the fore the struggles and efforts of both the
users and their families in coping with substance misuse and its effects. Such field experience provided the
inspiration and motivating force for this study.
Through a series of 12 in-depth interviews with substance misusers and their families, this study sheds light
upon the perceptions, feelings and changes that have occurred within the family as a result of substance misuse.
The findings in this study substantiate the hypothesis that substance misuse affects not only the user, but also
his or her family. This work gives a detailed account of the varying forms of responses to male adolescent
substance misuse by different family members.
Family members need to be helped to understand how substance misuse has affected them as a family and as
individuals. They need to be encouraged to express their true feelings and to have those feelings validated as
reasonable and understandable.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Recommendations aimed at provoking further research into this area are also forwarded.
Jackie Drury
1998
Youth and Community Studies
YOUNG WOMEN ILLICIT DRUG USERS
A Feminist Perspective
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The paradigm of drugs in society has been developed, mainly by men, and is usually considered to be universal.
It is believed to cover both genders, including their consumption patterns and the reasons for them, their
problems and their needs in rehabilitation. Nearly all theory is oriented towards a male perspective. Nearly all
practice perpetuates the subordination of women. An important implication of this approach is that all women
share the same social predicament which can lead to problems with drugs. It is the social construct of femininity
which predisposes women to use drugs in different ways. This project examines women’s everyday experience in
connection with drugs. Feminist sociology, shall be the primary route to understanding the issue of women
deviants and drug users in this project. Women’s testimonials suggest that young women are seeking fun and
pleasure through illicit drug use, that prescribed behaviour of femininity makes drug consumption patterns
different from those of men, and that consequently women have particular needs that require addressing. A
positive approach which recognizes the different meaning women give to drugs in their life trajectories is taken
throughout. Gender sensitive strategies to make drug rehabilitation for women more effective are proposed.
Pauline Miceli
1998
Youth and Community Studies
o Women
o Illicit Drugs
o Feminist Perspective
DEVELOPING A SCHOOL-BASED YOUTH WORK PROGRAMME
The concept of Youth Work in Malta is still at its embryonic stage. The Programme of Youth Studies, within the
Faculty of Education at the University of Malta, offers a degree course in Youth Work, but Youth Work as a
profession has still to be recognised by the state, by schools and by other agencies and institutions providing care
and self-development. This is in contrast with countries like Great Britain and Germany, where Youth Work has
a long history of development and consolidation.
This dissertation makes a case for Youth Work in a school context. It attempts to formulate a definition of Youth
Work for this purpose, giving it a specific form for the context. It formulates a youth work programme for the
Sixth Form, taking into consideration student needs, trends, potentials and other variables.
Basing this dissertation on the important psycho-social development in the transitional period that is
adolescence, it argues that post-16 students are still going through many elements of growth, and the instability
this may cause can be addressed through the role of the youth worker posed at the school. The programme also
offers social development, which will complement the form’s main focus, which is that of obtaining secondary
exam qualifications.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
This dissertation argues that the youth worker, due to the specific training s/he has undergone, can offer
invaluable opportunities to the school, different to what other educators can offer.
Vicky Spiteri
1998
Youth and Community Studies
M.A.
2010
MEL
Title
Abstract
THE INTEGRATION OF ADOLESCENT ROMANIAN ADOPTEES IN THE MALTESE SOCIETY
This qualitative study examined the experiences of the adoptive parents and adoptive adolescents in the process
of adoption. It also focused on the integration of these adolescents within the major institutions of society. These
include integration within the family, the education of place or work, interactions with friends, and in society in
general.
There are various studies which speak about the development and integration of these adopted Romanian
adoptees and which suggest that adopted children from Romania bring with them a lot of development problems
which hinder them from forming healthy attachments with their families and society in general. In the current
study ten interviews were conducted, five with adoptive parents and five with their adopted adolescents
separately.
This study revealed that four of the adolescents seemed to have integrated well in the major institutions with
minor difficulties and challenges. The fifth adolescent seems to show some difficulties with regards to him feeling
a sense of belonging, integrating in the education system and integrating in society. His parent appears to be
facing major challenges when it comes to his behaviour and psychological well being.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
Conclusions drawn from this study suggest that there is the need to educate, guide and offer follow up services
both for the parents and also for the adolescents involved. Furthermore, there is still a lack of studies on
intercountry adoptions and their influence in the Maltese society.
Charlene Vassallo
2010
Youth and Community Studies
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
MEL
Title
Abstract
R U ONLINE?
This study aims to understand better the characteristics which are making Computer Mediated Communication
the most popular medium amongst young people. Through familiarization of this medium a deeper insight will
be acquired on the dynamics which take place between young people through the use of Computer Mediated
Communication. This research will also look at Computer Mediated Communication vis-à-vis real life
communication by comparing the online and offline persona of the young people. The effectiveness of the study is
that both the perspectives of young people and youth workers are presented so that multiple perspectives of the
same this phenomenon are identified.
Through an ethnographic approach, questionnaires and online interviews, arguments were provided to challenge
or reinforce existent literature. By this multiple approach new insights are backed by evidence obtained through
data analysis.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
This study will present youth workers and youth leaders with a challenge to over look the stereo typical
approach of CMC and mould it as a tool for their youth work practice.
Clive Bonnici
2010
Youth and Community Studies
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION FOR YOUTH WORKERS:
An Evaluation
Youth work is an umbrella term which covers activities with and for young people of a social, cultural and
educational or political nature. it can be carried out in various settings and using various methodologies, to
create the right opportunities to support young people and cater for their needs. Youth workers need to be
equipped with the necessary knowledge, skills and attitude to be able to instil the development of young people.
When youth workers attend training programmes they can offer quality service, and through evaluation, these
training programmes for youth workers are given more value.
The course for the degree of B.A. (Hons.) Youth and Community Studies aims for individuals to attain the
necessary competences to work with young people. This study evaluates this course to value the work done and
improve where needed. The four-level evaluation model by Kirkpatrick was used. This model analyses many
dimensions, starting from reaction to the course, to the various learning outcomes and benefits of it, together
with the increased competence in the field and the benefits from the work done. A combination of quantitative
and qualitative tools were used for this evaluative study.
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
The main results from this research show that youth workers think highly of the course they undertook. They
had a very positive reaction towards the course and feel that it has contributed to their personal development.
Moreover, they feel more competent and confident to work with young people. The youth workers feel prepared
to work in the field and have been appraised to give a good service to young people. The leaders of organisations
or entities also feel that the course is very beneficial in professionally educating youth workers. Notwithstanding
this, there are some areas for improvement that can be done, which have been suggested by the participants
involved in this study and which I have put forward.
Daniela DeBono
2010
Youth and Community Studies
YOUTH PARTICIPATION: IS IT WORTH THE HASSLE?
For the past two decades the notion of youth participation has become a commonly used term both in the youth
work field and by policy makers. Various studies from all-over the world have shown that youth participation
has a positive effect on young people, adults, communities, and society at large.
Research about youth participation in decision making in Malta is still at an embryonic stage. Little has been
done to discover the processes and the outcomes of youth participation.
This study takes into consideration young people’s participation in a particular setting, namely the governing
bodies of national youth organisations in Malta. It aimed to discover the benefits for young people, adults and
the organisations that such participation brings, while it looked at the factors that keep young people committed
to the leadership to their organisation for a long time, and the challenges for youth participation at this level.
The study is based on the phenomenological descriptions of the decision making processes and the developmental
outcomes of such processes, of young people and adults.
Semi-structured interviews were held with five young people and five adults who at the time of the study were
involved in the governing body of their organisation. The chosen organisations were voluntary youth
organisations that have been involving young people in their governance for at least one year.
One of the main conclusions of this study is that the experience of being part of the governance structure makes
young people agents of their own development. Moreover it facilitates the cop-operation between adults and
young people, giving rise to co-learning and inter-generational learning. Young people experience increased
ownership in their organisation to the extent that they feel responsible for its development. They contribute to
shape the organisation’s history. In short this study shows that, through youth participation, young people are
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
MEL
Title
Abstract
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
not the only ones benefiting, other members, the community and society at large benefit as well.
Josef DeBono
2010
Youth and Community Studies
AGAINST ALL ODDS
A follow up study into the adaptation and experiences of a group of young men formerly in care
This study will explore the adaptation and experiences of a group of young men formerly residing inc are. It will
seek to document their life trajectories since they left a residential setting and taken up independent living. This
study will follow up a previous study by the author which had tackled the young men’s expectations on leaving
care. These young men will be revisited and the narrative of their lives since leaving care should throw light on
how they have negotiated challenges such as employment, housing, family and leisure time among others. the
focus shall be on both the risks experienced and the resiliency developed as a result of the negotiation of this
major transition. The goal is to understand the life trajectories of these young men.
Richard Curmi
2010
Youth and Community Studies
2009
MEL
Title
Abstract
A JOURNEY THROUGH INFERTILITY:
Women’s Ways of Empowerment
In Malta, mothering is a crucial aspect in socially identifying oneself as woman. Local ideologies of the maternal
heavily saturated with the sociocultural and religious discourses of thousands of years, and motherhood is
considered the core of female identity. Infertility is a traumatic event with the potential to severely limit a
woman’s psychological and social development. Women experiencing infertility, particularly within such a
context, face significant emotional pain, psychological distress, and social isolation. Local support for women
living through infertility is vital yet scarce, and sociological literature regarding women’s experiences of
infertility is limited.
Drawing upon a feminist standpoint epistemology, this study explores women’s experiences of infertility and
support within the Maltese context. Through the use of semi-structured, in-depth interviews, it looks at the ways
in which women have, and continue to be, constructed as fertile subjects within a culture where motherhood is
synonymous with womanhood. The study also investigates the perceived importance of support in the infertility
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Youth and Community Studies Dissertations
experience, especially the support of other women, and the ways in which, through this support, women
empower themselves and others to subvert traditional notions of the maternal.
The research findings illuminate varied difficulties women face in infertility, arising mainly from sociallyconstructed, gendered, and stereotypical notions of the maternal. Furthermore, the importance of support,
particularly that of other women, is clearly highlighted as a primary factor in enabling women to move beyond
infertility, to lead fulfilling lives outside motherhood.
Author
Date
Subject
Keywords
The research concludes with a summary of the main findings, and makes recommendations for further research,
policy and service development.
Stephanie Borg
2009
Youth and Community Studies
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