Core Skills Communication Study Section 8: Information Technology [INTERMEDIATE 1] Introduction Lesson 8A: IT as a hobby Lesson 8B: Building you own PC Lesson 8C: IT as a career SAQ answers 1 2 10 17 32 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Welcome to this study section. You are studying Communication at Intermediate 1 level. This package contains three separate lessons. Each lesson is a ‘chunk’ of material that is similar to a traditional class lesson. The difference is that you can work at your own pace through the lesson. Each of these lessons will take you approximately an hour to complete. The theme of this study section is information technology. The three lessons are: IT as a hobby Building your own PC IT as a career. This study section contains activities, self-assessed questions and a tutor assessment. An activity asks you to do something such as read an article or write a letter. Most activities have feedback on the next page. The word feedback just means comments. You should try the activity before reading the feedback. Self-Assessed Question (SAQ) When you see this symbol, you should answer the questions, and then check your answers with those given at the end of the study section. Tutor Assessment (TA) These are activities or questions that you answer then submit to your teacher or tutor for marking. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 1 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8A: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A HOBBY LESSON 8A Welcome to lesson 8A. This lesson is about information technology as a hobby. Many people are interested in computers. Even if you’re not, you’ll find that the lesson helps you to develop the following communication skills: reading skills: evaluating a communication writing skills: being understood by your readers writing skills: writing a portfolio Reading skills: evaluating a communication When you read something, you will come to your own conclusions about how well the piece is written. You form your own opinion – this is called making an evaluation. An evaluation is your chance to judge how good or bad a piece of writing is. There are several things you should consider when you’re evaluating something. What made the communication easy or hard to read? Did the graphics help you to understand the communication? Would someone interested in the subject find it useful? 2 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8A: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A HOBBY Activity 1 Read the paragraph below, then answer the questions that follow. Many people like computers in one form or another. They are so useful – you can do so many different things with them. For example, you can play games, write letters, create spreadsheets and go on the Internet. 1 Was the communication easy to understand? Explain your answer. A. No. It used complicated words and the sentences were jumbled up. B. Yes. The words were easy to understand and the sentences made sense. 2 Did the picture help you to understand what the communication was about? A. Yes. It shows a picture of a woman using a computer and the communication is about how much people like computers. B. No. The picture shows a woman working on a computer and the article is about playing games. 3 Would someone interested in computers find the communication interesting? A. No. The communication says that computers can be fun, but they’re not. B. Yes. The communication explains the useful things that a computer can do. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 3 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8A: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A HOBBY Activity 1 - Feedback You were asked to evaluate the written communication by answering three questions. An evaluation is a personal thing, and you might have given answers which are different from mine. My answers were: 1. B 2. A 3. B If you didn’t give these answers, don’t worry. The main thing about evaluating a communication is that you must be able to explain your answer. 4 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8A: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A HOBBY Writing skills: being understood by your readers When you write something, you must make sure that your readers are going to understand. Different readers will understand different things. For example, here are two short paragraphs. Each is for a different reader. Paragraph 1 A computer is good fun. There are lots of games that you can play on them. There are games based on many of your favourite television characters. One example is the Tellytubbies Game. Paragraph 2 A computer is extremely useful. There are many useful applications that you can run on them, such as word processors and spreadsheets. These can help you to perform many household tasks. It’s obvious that the first paragraph was meant to be read by children. The second paragraph was meant to be read by adults. What are the differences? Here are the ways in which the writer adapted his writing to suit the readers: Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Content The content is about games. This is suitable for the readers (children). The content is about computer applications. This is suitable for the readers (adults). Word choice The words are all simple (e.g. ‘good fun’). This suits the readers. There are some more complicated words (e.g. ‘extremely useful’). This suits the readers. Sentences The sentences are short and easy to read. The sentences are longer and take more time to read. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 5 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8A: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A HOBBY SAQ 1 Here are some sentence pairs. One sentence is written for computer experts. The other is written for non-experts. Which is which? Expert Pair A The processor is the brains of your computer. The processor is an AMD 1600 socket A type. Pair B Adding more memory will make the computer faster. It’s quite cheap really. Adding more memory will increase the performance of that computer by 20 percent. Pair C The hard drive is a large magnetic storage device within the computer. The hard drive is a where all of your documents and files are kept. Pair D The angle of viewing of the monitor should be set so that the users don’t suffer eye strain. Monitors should be set up so that you can see them clearly. Check your answers with those given on page 30. Score ___ out of 4 Date completed Teacher/tutor comments / / Signed by student 6 Teacher/tutor initials COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 Nonexpert LESSON 8A: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A HOBBY Writing skills: writing a portfolio One of the assessment options for this unit is that you write a ‘portfolio of linked pieces’. This just means that you should write two or three pieces on a related topic. Here are some examples of possible subjects for a portfolio of linked pieces: 1. 2. A letter of application for a job A CV 1. A letter to a customer providing a quotation to repair her computer A memo to your computer engineer telling him what to do A letter to your supplier ordering a component for the customer’s computer 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. A report about the problems in your community A letter to your community police officer asking for advice A memo to your Neighbourhood Watch secretary 1. 2. A letter to a company asking about a work placement A memo to your teacher/tutor explaining where your work placement is An essay about a work placement 3. A portfolio of linked pieces needs to be at least 300 words long. This means that each thing that you write doesn’t need to be a large piece of work. For example, the word count for these pieces could be: 1. 2. 3. Total 80 words 50 words 170 words 300 words COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 7 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8A: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A HOBBY TA 1 (Part 1) You’re going to start work on a portfolio of related pieces. In this activity, you’ll write one piece for the portfolio. Write a short essay (about 150 words) about your personal experience of using computers. The intended readers are people who have no experience of computers. We looked at essay writing in lesson 3A. Look back to that lesson now if you’re not sure how to write an essay. You can use one of these essay plans if you like, or use your own essay plan. (No feedback is given after this activity. Keep your work safe – you’ll need it again for lesson 8C.) Essay plan 1 Paragraph 1: introduction to the topic Paragraph 2: your first experience of computers Paragraph 3: what you do with computers now Paragraph 4: what computer you have (or would like) Paragraph 5: conclusion – summarise your essay. Essay plan 2 Paragraph 1: introduction to the topic Paragraph 2: explain why you have not got a lot of experience of computers Paragraph 3: explain how complicated you think computers are Paragraph 4: say what you would like to learn about computers Paragraph 5: conclusion – summarise your essay. Remember to write this so that it’s suitable for the intended readers. 8 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8A: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A HOBBY Summary of this lesson In this lesson, you’ve learned: how to evaluate a written communication how to write for different types of reader what a portfolio of linked pieces is. End of lesson 8A. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 9 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8B: BUILDING YOUR OWN PC LESSON 8B Welcome to lesson 8B. In this lesson, we’ll look at building your own PC. As you work through the lesson, you’ll develop the following communication skills: talking skills: body language reading skills: identifying the writer’s point of view writing skills: writing for a newspaper. Talking skills: body language Body language refers to the way that your body and eyes tell people what you feel. Try to do the following when you’re talking, so that your body language is good: stand upright relax give your hands something to do, e.g. hold your notes in your hands, or hold a pen or a pointer don’t slouch don’t put your hands in your pockets don’t lean on the table look at the audience – not at the floor or walls. Don’t slouch. Look at the audience. Try to look interested and alert. That’s good body language! 10 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8B: BUILDING YOUR OWN PC Activity 2 Try this activity with a friend. Each of you should stand up and talk for about 30 seconds. You can talk about anything you like. The person talking should try to be as relaxed as possible. The person listening should assess the speaker’s body language. Use this checklist to help you. Excellent Good Fair Needs work 1 How relaxed did the speaker look? 2 How good was the speaker at keeping eye contact with you? How good was the speaker at standing upright (not slouching)? 3 Yes 4 Did the speaker lean on the table (or chair)? 5 Did the speaker stare at the floor or walls? 6 Did the speaker use his/her hands and arms well? No Your comments COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 11 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8B: BUILDING YOUR OWN PC Activity 2 - Feedback I hope you both managed to assess each other fairly and were able to help each other. Once you’ve got your assessment from your friend, look at the points and decide where you need to do further practice. Talk to your teacher/tutor about any point that you feel unsure about. No one expects you to be 100 percent confident. All you need to do is to be able to look reasonably relaxed and confident, and hold yourself in a smart upright position. Eye contact with the listeners is important, too. You don’t have to go overboard with body language! You’re not expected to sing and dance. A confident, relaxed manner is all you need. 12 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8B: BUILDING YOUR OWN PC Reading skills: identifying the writer’s point of view In lesson 3A, we looked at how you can identify the writer’s point of view by looking at the words used. We’re going to do some more work on this now. SAQ 2 Read this newspaper article and then answer the questions overleaf. Computers cheaper to buy ready made Customers hoping to save money by building their own computers are in for a disappointment. A government report recently investigated the costs of PC components from different sources, following complaints from customers that computer parts were overpriced. The report found that customers are not being ripped off, but it concluded that if you were to buy all of the pieces that go into a computer to build your own you’d pay more than buying the same components in a ready-made system. Trevor Kelly of the Association of Computer Manufacturers says that this is no surprise: “Customers must remember that we make a lot of readymade systems, and so we can buy the parts in bulk. If people want to buy individual components, they usually specify particular makes. We need to buy these in small quantities and this makes the price higher.” Despite this, many people still want to build their own PCs. If they do, they will learn so much about how a PC works because they’ve built it themselves. If you don’t want to build a whole system, you might want to upgrade your computer by buying a new piece of kit. The market for components Upgrading is a good choice, but building a whole system from scratch can be expensive is a large one. Are people upgrading being ripped off? “No,” says Mr Kelly. “Upgraders are able to save lots of money by keeping existing components and spending their money on the parts they really want.” The best advice is to shop around. People wanting to buy a new PC can find bargains. Upgraders can fine-tune their systems with new gear. If you want to build your own PC and if you have a reasonable level of technical knowledge – then do it. You’ll learn a lot in the process – but you will pay a bit more for the privilege. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 13 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8B: BUILDING YOUR OWN PC SAQ 2 (continued) Answer all the questions, using your own words as far as possible. 1. According to the writer, people building their own computers are going to feel what about the price of components? 2. According to the writer, are customers being ripped off? Explain your answer. 3. According to Trevor Kelly, why is it more expensive to buy individual components than to buy the same components in a complete system? 4. According to the writer, what benefit is there to building your own computer? 5. What is the writer’s advice to people buying a new computer or a component? 6. According to the writer, what skill do you need if you’re going to build your own PC? Check your answers with those given on page 31. Score ___ out of 6 Date completed Teacher/tutor comments / / Signed by student 14 Teacher/tutor initials COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8B: BUILDING YOUR OWN PC TA 1 (Part 2) You’ve just done an SAQ about the writer’s point of view. Now you’re going to write something in which you make your own point of view clear. Choose one of the following options. You must write between 80 and 150 words. You should also write so that the target audience understands the communication. 1. Write an article for a newsletter for retired people. The purpose of your article is to persuade retired people to come to your school or college night class to learn how to use PCs. 2. Write an article for a newspaper read by business-people. In the article, try to persuade them to build their own computers . (Hint: look at the article on page 13 for some ideas.) 3. Write an article for a newspaper read by ordinary working people. In the article, you should explain why you think it’s important that every household should have a computer. (No feedback is given after this activity. Keep your work safe with the work you did in lesson 8A – you’ll need both pieces again in lesson 8C.) COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 15 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8B: BUILDING YOUR OWN PC Summary of this lesson In this lesson, you’ve learned: what good body language is how to work out the writer’s attitude how to express your feelings in writing. End of lesson 8B 16 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER LESSON 8C Welcome to lesson 8C. The theme of this lesson is information technology as a career. You’ll work on the following things as you work through this lesson: listening skills: reacting to other people reading skills: reading for information writing skills: writing instructions. Listening skills We’ve talked a lot about talking skills in this communication unit. We’ve looked at listening skills as well, but not in so much detail. We’re now going to look at some listening skills. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 17 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER Activity 3 Answer the following questions. 1. What is the difference between hearing and listening? 2. What do you do when you’re listening to someone? Listening or hearing? 18 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER Activity 3 - Feedback 1. Hearing is something we do whether we want to or not. It refers to the way we sense sounds and noises. Listening is a skill. It refers to the way in which we make sense of sounds and noises. Hearing is something that just happens. For example, you might hear traffic as it passes the house, but you don’t really listen to it – unless it’s a nuisance, and keeping you awake. Listening is something that requires effort on your part. For example, you might listen to music (as long as you can hear it!). 2. When you listen to someone speaking, you do the following things: hear the words make sense of the words in your brain think about what was said. After this, you might reply to the person. As you can see, listening means you must make sense of what was said. You need to think about what was said. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 19 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER Why is listening important? Listening is an important skill because it allows you to react to any contributions that other people have. It means you can give them feedback, answer their questions, or add your opinion to what they say. Listen to others: they will raise questions and say things to make you think. Good listening skills help you to react to what other people say. 20 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER SAQ 3 Answer each of the following questions. Each question is about talking and listening skills. 1. 2. During a meeting, you make a point. Someone says to you: ‘I don’t understand what you mean.’ What is the best thing to do? A. You laugh at him and say, ‘Well, you should have been listening.’ B. You smile sympathetically and say, ‘I’ll explain it later.’ C. You should repeat the point that you made. You might also rephrase it to make it easier to understand. D. You frown, lean forward, and repeat the point, very slowly with long gaps between each word. At the end of a solo talk about a work placement, someone asks you what hours you worked. What is the best thing to do? A. You ignore the question, as it’s no business of that person. B. You explain what hours you worked, even though you’ve not got this written down on your notes. C. You restart your solo talk, as you’re sure you mentioned the hours that you worked during your talk. D. You stare at your note, hoping that you’ve written it down there somewhere. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 21 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER 3. During a discussion, someone says something that is the opposite idea to yours. What is the best thing to do? A. Say nothing. Cross your arms, and stare at that person to make her feel uncomfortable. B. Tell her that you totally disagree with her point and offer her a bet to prove your point. C. Agree with her, as it’s easier to keep the peace but make up your mind that you’re going to have your way anyway. D. You should try to explain why you disagree, and say why you think your idea is a better one. Now check your answers with those on page 31. Score ___ out of 3 Date completed Teacher/tutor comments / / Signed by student 22 Teacher/tutor initials COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER Reading skills: reading for information You know that people write for a purpose (we looked at this in lesson 4A). You know that the writer’s purpose is usually something like: to to to to to explain voice an opinion publicise give information persuade. As a reader, you have your own purpose. A reader’s purpose is usually something like this: to find out information to see what other people are thinking about something to become more knowledgeable. Mostly, people read for information of some kind. There are times when a reader wants information quickly. Other times, a reader might be happy to read slowly for enjoyment. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 23 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER SAQ 4 Read the instruction sheet below and then answer the questions that follow. Instructions HOW TO REPLACE MEMORY MODULES IN THE COMPUFORM PCs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Only qualified IT technicians should attempt this task. First, switch off the power at the mains. Open the case by removing the 6 screws on the back panel. Remove the case cover. Put on the anti-static wrist-strap (in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations). 6. Identify and remove the existing memory module (this might entail moving some cables out of the way). Pull up the plastic tabs at each side to release the module. Pull it out of the slot. 7. Insert the new memory module into the slot. Push down the plastic tabs at each side. This locks the memory in place. 8. Replace the case cover. 9. Replace the 6 screws. 10. Switch on the machine and check that the memory is rec ognised. 24 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER SAQ 4 (continued) 1. Who would read this instruction leaflet? How do you know? 2. Why would someone read this instruction leaflet? 3. How do you remove the existing memory module? 4. How do you insert the new memory module? 5. What should you do after replacing the cover and the screws? 6. Was this instruction sheet easy to understand? Explain your answer. Now check your answers with those on page 32. Score ___ out of 6 Date completed Signed by student Teacher/tutor comments / / Teacher/tutor initials COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 25 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER Writing skills: writing instructions When you read something to get information, you want to be able to get at the information quickly. This is especially true of instructions. When you read instructions, I’m sure that you want to get the information quickly and easily. When you write instructions, you should try to do the following things. Say what you mean to say as clearly as possible. Arrange the information into the right order. Don’t waffle: think about what the reader wants to know. Use formal language. People don’t want to work through pages and pages of instructions. They want the facts. They want to be able to get the information quickly and easily. 26 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER TA 1 (Part 3) Choose one of the following options, depending upon what category you fit into. You must write between 70 and 120 words, whatever option you choose. The instruction sheet on page 24 will help you with the layout. You have no experience of computers You have a little experience of computers You have lots of experience of computers Choose option 1 Choose option 2 Choose option 3 Option 1 You’re an IT teacher, and have a class of people with no experience of computers. Write an instruction sheet for the class. In it, y ou should mention the following. You must not eat and drink near a PC. You must adjust your seat to the correct height. You shouldn’t use a PC for too long at any one time. You mustn’t sit too near the monitor. You must never pull any of the cables. Anything else you can think of. Option 2 You’re an IT teacher. Write an instruction sheet for someone who has never used computers before. In your instruction sheet, you shou ld mention the following things. How to switch it on. What the mouse does and how to use it. What the keyboard does and how to use it. What the floppy disk drive does and how to use it. Any other things that you feel are important. Option 3 You’re an IT teacher. Write an instruction sheet for someone who wants to learn to use a word-processing package (such as Word). Your instruction sheet should contain the following things. A brief description of what a word-processing software package is. How to choose a font. How to create a new paragraph. How to start a new page. Any other things that you feel are important. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 27 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER TA 1 (continued) Once you’ve finished, give all of the following to your teacher/tutor: Your essay about your experience of computing (from lesson 8A). Your newsletter/newspaper article about computers (from lesson 8B). Your instruction sheet (from lesson 8C). Congratulations! You’ve just completed your first portfolio of related pieces of writing! 28 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 LESSON 8C: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CAREER Summary of this lesson In this lesson, you’ve learned: about the difference between hearing and listening how to react to questions how to read and write instructions how to complete a portfolio of linked pieces. End of lesson 8C. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 29 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 SAQ ANSWERS SAQ ANSWERS SAQ 1 Answers Expert Pair A Pair B Pair C Pair D 30 X The processor is the brains of your computer. The processor is an AMD 1600 socket A type. Adding more memory will make the computer faster. It’s quite cheap really. Adding more memory will increase the performance of that computer by 20 percent. X X X The hard drive is a large magnetic storage device within the computer. The hard drive is a where all of your documents and files are kept. X The angle of viewing of the monitor should be set so that the users don’t suffer eye strain. Monitors should be set up so that you can see them clearly. X COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 Nonexpert X X SAQ ANSWERS SAQ 2 Answers Here are my answers to these questions. Give yourself a mark if you r answer is the same or similar to these. 1. They are going to feel upset that they don’t save any money. 2. Customers are not being ripped off. It is cheaper to buy a readymade system. 3. Individual components are bought in lower numbers and so are dearer. 4. You will learn a lot about how computers work. 5. You should shop around for the best price. 6. You need good technical knowledge. SAQ 3 Answers The most useful responses are these ones. 1. C: You should repeat the point that you made. You might also rephrase it to make it easier to understand. This is the best option because the person said they didn’t understand you the first time. 2. B: You explain what hours you worked, even though you’ve not got this written down on your notes. Quite often people will ask you questions that you’ve not thought of. The best thing is to answer from memory. If you can’t do that, simply admit you don’t know the answer but say that you ’ll find out. 3. D: You should try to explain why you disagree, and say why you think your idea is a better one. You might not convince the other person – but at least you’ve explained in a calm manner why you feel the way you do. COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) 31 © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004 SAQ ANSWERS SAQ 4 Answers 1. IT technicians would read this leaflet. We can tell, because it says only IT technicians should do this. 2. A reader would read it to get information about adding new memory to the computer. 3. You pull up the plastic tabs and then pull out the old module. 4. You push it into the slot and then push down the plastic tabs. 5. Switch the computer on and check to see that the computer recognises the new memory module is there. 6. Yes, it was easy to follow. It was easy to read and each point was numbered. Each sentence was clear and gave the reader only the information that was required. 32 COMMUNICATION: STUDY SECTION 8 (INT 1) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004