Information Technology
Outcome 2[1]: Database
Application
[INTERMEDIATE 1]
MAC OS X Version
Part 1:
Part 2:
Part 3:
Part 4:
Part 5:
About this section
Understanding databases
Searching and sorting a database
Editing a table
SAQ answers
1
2
6
12
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© Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004
This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes by educational
establishments in Scotland provided that no profit accrues at any stage.
Screenshots reprinted by permission from Apple Computer, Inc.
All terms mentioned that are known to be trademarks have been capitalised.
ABOUT THIS SECTION
PART 1
Understanding databases
What is this section about?
This section will help you learn how to use a database. A database is
one of 3 applications that you will learn to use in this unit.
What will I learn?
At the end of this section, you will be able to:
 understand what a database is and how it is made up
 launch an AppleWorks database
 edit and format data in an AppleWorks databases
 save and print out data in an appropriate format
 close down AppleWorks .
How long should it take to do this?
You should complete this section in about 6–8 hours.
What else do I need?
You will need access to a computer with AppleWorks installed.
You will need the files Health Advice and Mobile Phones. Ask your
tutor for these.
How will I be assessed on my work in this section?
You will be assessed through a practical assignment. This assignment
is likely to be linked to one of your interests or to your studies in other
subjects.
Your tutor will give you this assignment when you are ready for it.
Your tutor will want to supervise you doing this assignment so that he
or she knows that it is your own work.
The assignment will test your ability to do the above tasks well.
You will get an opportunity for re-assessment if you need it.
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UNDERSTANDING DATABASES
PART 2
What is a database?
Here are some examples of databases in common use:
 Address books
 CD catalogue
 Yellow Pages
 A list of activities at a swimming pool or club
 TV listings in newspapers.
These are all databases on paper.
A database is a collection of data that is:
 related in some way, e.g. all today’s TV programmes
 structured in some way, e.g. laid out in a table on the page.
Questions 1
What might be the relation and structure in a CD catalogue?
What is the relation and structure in Yellow Pages?
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UNDERSTANDING DATABASES
Understanding how data is stored
Databases can also be stored electronically in a computer system.
The data in an electronic database like Access must also be relat ed
and structured.
There are two parts to an electronic database:
1.
The database application created by a software company. This
software is either bought in a shop or sold as part of an IT
system.
2.
The datafile, e.g. a club membership list. The data in a datafile is
entered by you.
The database application arranges your data into a table. A table
consists of rows and columns.
column
Country
HepA/Polio/Typhoid
Greece
row
Meningitis
Y
Russia
Tajikistan
Diphtheria
Y
Y
Y
Ukraine
Y
This is part of a table that you will use later. It contains health advice to
travellers to certain countries. For example, travellers to Tajikistan
should be immunised against Hepatitis A, Polio, Typhoid and Diphtheria.
Questions 2
What should travellers to Russia be immunised against?
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UNDERSTANDING DATABASES
You may be more used to seeing data in this form:
Records
Fields
Country: Greece
HepA/Polio/Typhoid: Yes
Meningitis: No
Diphtheria: Yes
Data
All the data about one item is held together in a record.
Each record has a number of fields to keep data. The above record
has four fields.
Each record in a database looks exactly the same but has different
data in the fields.
Compare the table on the previous page with the record layout above.
How is the data from a single record laid out in a table?
There is an online animation available entitled
‘Understanding how data is stored’.
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UNDERSTANDING DATABASES
Databases quiz
Now try the following questions to test your understanding of the terms
used with databases.
1.
What is a database?
____________________________________________________
2.
Name the two parts to an electronic database.
____________________________________________________
3.
Use the following words to complete the sentence below:
data
A
record
database
contains all the
Each piece of data is held in a
field
about 1 item in a
.
.
This quiz is available online.
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SEARCHING AND SORTING A DATABASE
PART 3
Opening a Database
You are going to load a file from the hard disc. You may have already
copied this file into your folder on the hard disc.
You already know how to load a file but here is a reminder. To load the
file from your own folder:




Double click on
Scroll down the
Double click on
Double click on
the icon for My Documents.
alphabetical list of folders to reach your own.
your own folder.
the icon for Health Advice.
The computer recognises that the file Health Advice is an AppleWorks
data file. It launches AppleWorks and then loads the data file into the
AppleWorks structure. This is what you should see on the screen.
There is an online animation available entitled
‘Opening a database.
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SEARCHING AND SORTING A DATABASE
If the screen does not look like this, click on the Layout menu and then
click on List.
There are 17 records in this table. Each one holds data about a
different country.
There are four fields in this table:
1. Country
2. HepA/Polio/Typhoid
3. Meningitis
4. Diphtheria.
The fields hold data such as ‘Canada’ or ‘Burma’ or ‘Y’.
There is an online animation available entitled
‘Introduction to tables’.
This is only a very small table of data. Imagine how big it would be if it
covered every country in the world. You would have to search many
pages to answer questions such as:



What precautions should I take if I travel to Finland?
Where can I travel without being immunised against diphtheria?
Do meningitis and diphtheria ever happen in the same country?
You would have to search and sort through the data for a long time and
you might make mistakes. An electronic database can do the
searching and sorting for you and will not make mistakes.
There is an online animation available entitled
‘Introduction to searching and sorting’.
The mouse pointer
Move the mouse pointer gently around the screen. If you click on the
table you will see that the mouse pointer changes to an I -point
like this You will learn more about these pointer shapes as you
progress.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Mouse
pointers’.
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SEARCHING AND SORTING A DATABASE
Searching a table
AppleWorks allows you to create Searches to find information.
Let’s search for those countries where there is a risk of catching
diphtheria.
 Click on the Search button on the left of the window , then click
on New Search from the menu that appears.
 You need to give the search a name – enter “Diphtheria” in the box,
and click on OK. A blank record will appear.
 Move the pointer to the box next to the word “Diphtheria” and click
 Type the letter “Y” into the box and click on OK.
 Click on Store to save the search
 Click on the Layout menu and choose List to get back to
the original table.
Now we will run the search:
Click on the Search button again, now
choose “Diphtheria” from the menu.
The table now shows only those countries where diphtheria is a risk.
The side bar says we are now viewing 4 out of 17 records.
Click on the Organise menu, then click on View All Records to see
the full table of data again.
 Try it now. Remember to finish by viewing all the records.
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SEARCHING AND SORTING A DATABASE
Activity
Search for those countries where there is a risk of Meningitis.
Remember to switch off the filter afterwards.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Searching
a table’.
Sorting a table
The table is currently sorted by country in descending alphabetical order.
Let’s sort it by country into ascending order.
 Move the pointer to the centre of the column heading Country and
click the mouse button.
The Country column will be highlighted.
 Click on this icon in the tool bar.
The table now looks like this:
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SEARCHING AND SORTING A DATABASE
 Repeat this process but click on
to return the table to ascending order.
The sort icons also work for numbers. For example:


sorting a column of costs in descending order will place the dearest
item at the top of the column;
sorting running times in ascending order will find the fastest on the
track at the top of the column.
 Quit AppleWorks (using the menubar).
The system will ask ‘Do you want to save changes …. ?’. It is
important that the table does not change before the next activities.
You do not want to save the changes.
 Click Don’t Save.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Sorting a
table’.
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SEARCHING AND SORTING A DATABASE
Databases activity
There is another data file Mobile Phones in your folder. You are going
to use that file to find answers to the following questions. Look back in
these notes to find how to do any task that you have forgotten.
1.
Load the data file Mobile Phones into AppleWorks .
 How many records does the table contain?
 How many fields does each record have?
2.
Searching
 Display the list of phones that have the feature Advanced games.
 Display and print the list of phones for £79.99?
3.
Sorting
 Display a list of phones sorted by cost.
 Which is the dearest phone in stock?
 Display and print a list of phones sorted by number in stock.
 Which phone is out of stock?
 Quit AppleWorks . Again, the system will ask ‘Do you want to save
changes …. ?’. As before, it is important that the table does not
change before the next activities.
 Click Don’t Save.
Check your answers to this activity in the Part 5: SAQ answers at the
end of this section.
These questions are available in an interactive format
entitled ‘Databases activity’.
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EDITING A TABLE
PART 4
Tables need to be edited as data changes.
You need to know some important keys on a keyboard before editing a
table,
Back space key
Space bar
Shift key
Return key
Back space key
You use this key to delete mistakes.
Pressing it once deletes the last letter entered.
Shift key
You use this key to get a capital letter.
Hold the shift key down while you press the letter
that you want to make a capital.
You use it in the same way to get the symbol at
the top of any key with two functions.
Space bar
You use this to create a space between words.
Return key
(or Enter)
You use this key to take a new line in a piece of
text or to confirm a decision.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Editing a
table’.
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EDITING A TABLE
Adding a new record
 Load the table Health Advice.
There is always a blank row at the bottom of any table. This is where
you can enter new records. Here is new information for this table.
Travellers to Iran should be immunised against HepA/Polio/Typhoid.
You are going to add a new record for Iran.
 Click on the New Record button in the tool bar.
 Move the pointer to the empty cell at the bottom of the first column
and click the mouse button. The text cursor is now flashing in that
cell, waiting for you to enter text from the keyboard.
 Enter Iran.
In the same way, move the pointer to each cell along the row to
complete Iran’s record.
 Add a new record for Rwanda.
Travellers to Rwanda should be immunised against
HepA/Polio/Typhoid and Meningitis.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Adding a
new record’.
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EDITING A TABLE
Deleting a record
Advice to travellers to Tajikistan is being reviewed. Let’s delete
Tajikistan’s record for now.
 Move the pointer to the small box at the left of the Tajikistan row
and click the mouse button. The whole Tajikistan row should be
highlighted.
 Move the pointer into the tool bar and click on this icon.
 Delete Canada’s record in the same way.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Deleting a
record’.
Adding field data
The data inside fields also needs to be changed at times.
To add data, simply place the pointer inside the correct cell and click.
When the text cursor flashes, enter the new data.
 Add the following data to India’s record:
Travellers to India should now be immunised against Meningitis.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Adding
field data’.
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EDITING A TABLE
Deleting field data
The entry for diphtheria in Greece is a mistake and should be deleted.
 Move the pointer to the left of the diphtheria field in the record for Greece.
 Move it slowly into the field and it will change to an open cross.
 When the pointer is this shape, click the mouse button to highlight
the data in this cell.
 Press the Back space key. Note that the ‘Y’ has been deleted.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Deleting
field data’.
Amending field data
Burma is now called Myanmar.
To make this change:
 move the pointer slowly into the left of Burma in the country field.
 when the I-pointer appears, click the mouse button to highlight the text.
 enter Myanmar at the keyboard.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Amending
field data’.
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EDITING A TABLE
Formatting a table
The table is no longer sorted alphabetically by country. Re -do this
sort.
You should always check to see if you can improve how your table
looks. This is called formatting the table.
Notice that Switzerland has not enough room. Part of it is cut off.
 Move the pointer slowly over the heading of the Country field
towards the next heading.
 When the pointer changes to a solid black cross, click and drag the
mouse slowly to the right.
This will widen the column.
There is an online animation available entitled ‘Formatting
a table’.
Saving a table
It is important to save your work often, particularly if you have made a
number of changes.
 Click on File in the menu bar.
 Select Save from the menu. Your stored file will now be updated.
Printing a table
 Select File from the top menu bar.
 Select Print from the menu which opens.
 Press OK when the Print menu appears.
Close all windows on the desktop.
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EDITING A TABLE
Tables activity
Complete the following tasks on the data file Mobile Phones.
1.
Add the following record:
Moneric Y5, £159.99, Special Feature is ‘Advanced games’, 3 in
stock.
2.
The Moneric X3 will no longer be available. Delete the Moneric
X3 record.
3.
A new delivery of 4 Sunblush has arrived. Amend the record to
show the new stock number.
4.
The Sunblush has now to be called Sunblush Gaming. Amend
the name.
5.
Format the document so that all columns are wide enough.
6.
Save the amended file.
7.
Print the amended table.
8.
Close all windows.
Before you finish this section, make sure that you know how to:







Search a table
Sort a table
Enter and delete records in a table
Enter and delete data in the cells of a table
Format a table
Save a table
Print a table.
Look back to remind yourself if you have forgotten how to do any of
these tasks.
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SAQ ANSWERS
PART 5
Answers 1
CD catalogue
Connection: all the CDs in stock.
Structure: alphabetically in order of style of song and then singer.
Yellow Pages
Connection: local businesses which have paid to be listed in Yellow
Pages.
Structure: alphabetically in order of business and then name.
Answers 2
Travellers to Russia should be immunised against Diphtheria.
Databases quiz - Answers
1.
A database is a collection of related and structured data.
2.
The application software and the table of data. (datafile)
3.
A record contains all the data about one item in a database.
Each piece of data is held in a field.
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SAQ ANSWERS
Databases activity - Answers
1.
Number of records = 10
Number of fields = 4
2.
Advanced gaming phones are Megas 6 and Sunblush.
Choice of phones for £79.99 is Megas 6, Pinnochio 4S or Samran
B4.
3.
The dearest phone in stock is £219.99.
The Moneric X3 is out of stock.
Tables activity - Answers
Name
Cost
Special Feature
in Stock
Connect-2-You
£29.95
Changeable cover
Pinocchio 5C
£29.95
Voice-activated dialing
4
Megas 6
£79.99
Advanced games
3
Moneric Y5
£159.99
Advanced games
3
Pinocchio 4S
£79.99
Tri-band technology
3
Sunblush Gaming
£169.99
Advanced games
6
See-you-Too
£219.99
Built in camera
8
Samran B3
£69.99
Infrared connection
10
Samran B4
£79.99
Voice-activated dialing
12
Megas 5
£29.95
Speaker phone
1
Moneric Y5
£159.99
Advanced games
3
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