NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS CURRICULUM SUPPORT Managing Environmental Resources Unit 3: Land use Support sheets [INTERMEDIATE 1] The Scottish Qualifications Authority regularly reviews the arrangements for National Qualifications. Users of all NQ support materials, whether published by Learning and Teaching Scotland or others, are reminded that it is their responsibility to check that the support materials correspond to the requirements of the current arrangements. Acknowledgement Learning and Teaching Scotland gratefully acknowledges this contribution to the National Qualifications support programme for MER. This publication was produced in partnership with SQA (Scottish Qualifications Authority). Learning Teaching Scotland acknowledge the contribution made by SQA to the production costs and for permission to use images and diagrams from past papers. Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 This resource may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes by educational establishments in Scotland provided that no profit accrues at any stage. 2 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 Contents Introduction: Teacher’s notes 4 Student Student Student Student 5 6 8 support support support support sheet sheet sheet sheet 1: 2: 3: 4: Student support sheet 16: The range of land and water uses The range of local land and water uses Summary of local land and water uses Check list – do you understand the terms? Check list – do you understand the terms? Answers Investigating particular land/water uses – a quarry Investigating particular land/water uses – a farm Requirements of a local land or waterbased industry Requirements of a local land or waterbased industry. Answers Introduction to land and water use in your local area More map resources to help you study your local area Investigating a local land or water use Discussion – what makes a good practical investigation? Local investigation – using questionnaires Local investigation – using photographs A library-based investigation Using a ‘note frame’ for an internet search Writing up your investigation Teacher support sheet 1: Teacher support sheet 2: Assessing an investigation report Further resources Teacher support sheet 4: Student support sheet 5: Student support sheet 6: Student support sheet 7: Teacher support sheet 7: Student support sheet 8: Student support sheet 9: Student support sheet 10: Student support sheet 11: Student support sheet 12: Student support sheet 13: Student support sheet 14: Student support sheet 15: UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 21 23 24 26 27 28 29 31 32 3 INTRODUCTION Introduction: Teacher’s notes A study of the local area The actual content of Unit 3 Land use will vary from one school to another according to the school’s location, eg urban or rural, highland or lowland, coastal or inland. It is not intended that a student should complete all of the 16 support sheets, but that a teacher would select those most appropriate for a study of their own local area given the resources available in their school or college. Use of maps should be integrated into any study of a local area. The support sheets encourage the use of a wide range of maps, not only OS maps. Maps on tourist leaflets and brochures may also be used. Please note that these support notes do not cover the whole unit. Teachers must refer to the Scottish Qualifications Authority arrangements for further guidance on content for this course, particularly with reference to local examples of conservation designations and incentive schemes. 4 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS Support sheets Student support sheet 1: The range of land and water uses Land and water resources are used in many ways in Scotland. Look at the following photographs and identify as many land/water uses as you can. UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 5 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 2: The range of local land and water uses Copy the table below into your jotter. Name examples of each land and water use that you can find in your local area. Draw extra lines to add further local examples. Land/water use Farm buildings Open hilly land (maybe for sheep) Flat land (maybe for crops) Retail park Houses or flats (residential area) Local main road, eg A9 Motorway, eg M8 High street shopping and business area Industrial site Railway station Railway lines Bus station Swimming pool Local park Sports centre Woodland (mixed or deciduous) Garden centre Loch Fish farm (aquaculture) River Forest (conifer plantation or native) 6 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 Local example SUPPORT SHEETS Nature reserve Historic site, eg castle, fort Museum Canal Church, cathedral, chapel Local authority offices Prison Hospital Airport Wind farm Power station Harbour Marina UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 7 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 3: Summary of local land and water uses There are many different ways to classify or categorise land and water use. One possible scheme is given below. Copy and complete the diagram by using examples from your local area. Built-up areas (residential, community etc) Agriculture Forestry and woodland Transport (road, rail, airport, docks, etc) Land and water use Industry and commerce Water (freshwater and marine) 8 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 Minerals and landfill SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 4: Check-list – do you understand the terms? Complete the definitions by matching the correct ‘heads’ and ‘tails’. Then write out the lists correctly. A. Inputs ‘Heads’ (Land/water use term) ‘Tails’ (Definition) INPUTS The land, a water source, an energy source, the buildings, equipment and machinery. Physical requirements All the people needed to work there. Some may have permanent jobs, others may be temporary or seasonal. Labour requirements Everything required for the land or water use (includes physical and labour requirements). B. Outputs ‘Heads’ (Land/water use term) ‘Tails’ (Definition) OUTPUTS Contamination of water, land and air. Range of products The possible problems, including noise, dust, increased disturbance, damage to the environment, traffic congestion. Pollution issues The advantages, including increased jobs, income, more facilities and opportunities. Benefits to the local community The goods and services produced, eg forestry produces timber and opportunities for recreation. Disadvantages to the local community Everything produced by the land or water use (includes products and waste). UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 9 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 4 (cont.): Check-list – do you understand the terms? C. Methods of production: the activities of the land or water use Example: forestry Nursery: to grow seedlings (input) Preparation of land for planting (input) Preparation for replanting Planting seedlings Maintenance of fencing and access roads Fertilising, spraying, thinning young trees Harvesting of mature trees Transport of the timber (output) to sawmills for processing Copy the diagram above, and then, using a different colour pen or pencil, underline all the verbs or ‘doing’ words, eg grow, planting, etc. These words describe the methods of production involved in the forestry industry. 10 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS Teacher support sheet 4: Check list – do you understand the terms? Answers A. Inputs ‘Heads’ (Land/water use term) ‘Tails’ (Definition) INPUTS Everything required for the land or water use (includes physical and labour requirements). Physical requirements The land, a water source, an energy source, the buildings, equipment and machinery. Labour requirements All the people needed to work there. Some may have permanent jobs, others may be temporary or seasonal. B. Outputs OUTPUTS Everything produced by the land or water use (includes products and waste). Range of products The goods and services produced, eg forestry produces timber and opportunities for recreation. Benefits to the local community The advantages, including increased jobs, income, more facilities and opportunities. Disadvantages to the local community The possible problems, including noise, dust, increased disturbance, damage to the environment, traffic congestion. Pollution issues Contamination of water, land and air. UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 11 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 5: Investigating particular land/water uses – a quarry Inputs and outputs Draw a blank flow chart as below. Use the diagram and the wordbank to complete a flow chart for the quarry. 1. …………………. INPUTS METHODS OF PRODUCTION 1. …………………. OUTPUTS 2. …………………. 1. …………………. 2. …………………. 3. …………………. 2. …………………. 3. …………………. 4. …………………. 3. …………………. 4. …………………. 5. …………………. 4. …………………. 6. …………………. 5. …………………. 7. …………………. 6. …………………. 8. …………………. Wordbank setting the explosives managing the operations tree screening labour (manager, explosives team, drivers, machinery operators ) noise crushing the rock machinery and vehicles buildings (equipment store, explosives store, office) transporting the chips and crushed rock 12 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 6: Investigating particular land/water uses – a farm Inputs and outputs (a) Work with a partner. Cut out the label boxes and lay them out on a table. Now sort them into INPUTS, METHODS OF PRODUCTION and OUTPUTS. climate, soils, relief (slope) and geology milking fertilisers machinery and equipment maintenance seeds pesticide spraying animal produce sowing medical care animal feed profits young livestock for livestock rearing costs of administration and marketing crops pesticides buildings dairy produce labour ploughing harvesting transport straw livestock Note: Livestock includes beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep. (b) Now join with the pair next to you and your partner. Are their lists the same? If not, discuss what differences there are, and why. Which words or phrases did you find difficult to sort, and why? (c) Choose a spokesperson from your group of four to report your results to the class. Did you all agree? Which labels were difficult to sort? Why? (d) Finally write out a table of farm inputs, methods of production and outputs. UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 13 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 7: Requirements of a local land- or water-based industry Which land/water use or industry is most likely to … 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. be on flat land, with light soils, not too much rain and dry summers? located near a large town to recruit many workers? build a visitor centre and car park near a historic castle? develop on the outskirts of a large city where there is lots of space and good road access. recruit seasonal workers to help handpick at harvest? be constructed in a windy area that is sparsely populated? employ temporary teams of workers when the conifer plantation is mature? manage activities on a loch to protect the wildlife? recruit seasonal gas delivery drivers as people turn up their central heating in winter? give opportunities for local residents to walk, cycle, relax and enjoy the countryside? Match the description above with the correct land or water use below. Then write out the sentences using the phrase ‘is most likely to’. The first example is done for you. soft-fruit farming transport and distribution country park tourism 14 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 forestry cereal farming call centre retail centre conservation wind farm SUPPORT SHEETS Teacher support sheet 7: Requirements of a local land or water-based industry. Answers Which land/water use or industry is most likely to … 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Cereal farming is most likely to be on flat land with light soils, not too much rain and dry summers. The call centre industry is most likely to be located near a large town to recruit many workers. The tourism industry is most likely to build a visitor centre and car park near a historic castle. The retail industry is most likely to develop on the outskirts of a large city where there is lots of space and good road access. Soft-fruit farming is most likely to recruit seasonal workers to help handpick at harvest. A wind farm is most likely to be constructed in a windy area that is sparsely populated. Forestry is most likely to employ temporary teams of workers when the conifer plantation is mature. Conservation is most likely to manage activities on a loch to protect the wildlife. The transport and distribution industry is most likely to recruit seasonal gas delivery drivers as people turn up their central heating in winter. A country park is most likely to give opportunities for local residents to walk, cycle, relax and enjoy the countryside. UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 15 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 8: Introduction to land and water use in your local area A useful way to start your study of your local area is to begin with what you already know about your local area. (a) Begin by making a list of the places you have visited in your local area. (b) Choose five of the places you have visited. In the table below, write the name of the places and give the reasons you visited them. Place Why I have visited it 1 2 3 4 5 (c) Use www.multimap.com to print off a map of your local area. (d) Write the names of your five places on the map. (e) Compare your map with a partner’s map. Are the places the same? If not, why not? (f) Working together, add more places to your maps. Suggesti ons might include: where would you go to buy a magazine? where would you go for a bike ride? where is the sports centre? where can you catch a bus? (g) On a spare piece of paper, sort the places you have listed. Make up your own categories – there are no wrong answers here! By now your map may be quite crowded! 16 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS (h) Use www.multimap.com to print off a clean copy of the base map. This time, instead of writing words to make a ‘talking map’, add symbols to represent the different categories. Don’t forget to give your work a title and draw a key on or beside the map. UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 17 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 9: More map resources to help you study your local area Note: These are suggestions only – you may not have time or the opportunity to use all the resources suggested. A. OS maps Your school geography department will probably have OS maps of your local area. To get your own map, you can print a map from www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getamap and then compare it with the map you drew in the previous assignment. The most useful OS maps are those at 1:50,000 or 1:25,000 scales. A useful classification: LAND USE RURAL (countryside) 18 URBAN (towns and built-up areas) UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 WATER USE FRESHWATER SALT- OR SEAWATER (marine) SUPPORT SHEETS RURAL Land use URBAN Symbol Land use FRESHWATER Symbol Water use River SALTWATER Symbol Water use Mixed woodland Farmland Residential Museum Lake Sand Rough grazing golf course Coniferous woodland Tourist information Railway station Public building (eg school) Reservoir Lighthouse Marsh Ferry (vehicles) Highwater mark Nature reserve Shingle Make a large copy of the classification and columns above. Using an OS map with a key, draw in the symbols for land and water uses. B. Historical maps These are available in your local library (usually in the local history or reference sections). You should be able to get a photocopy of your local area as long as it is for your own study. Ideas for using historical maps: How did places get their names? How did the settlement grow? Which is the oldest part of the settlement? C. Google Earth Excellent for locating your study area – you can also open up Google Maps from within Google Earth. Identify different land and water uses. Try a planning exercise – where could a new leisure centre be located? What route could a new bypass take? UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 19 Symbol SUPPORT SHEETS D. Your school geography department or library may have other OS mapping resources such as Anquet or MemoryMap. These are excellent for showing OS maps with three-dimensional representations of physical features and photographs. More details at www.Anquet.co.uk www.memory-map.co.uk 20 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 10: Investigating a local land or water use As part of your studies, you will investigate a local land or water use. These questions will help you to structure your investigation. Why is it located there? What impact does its location have? Where is it located? What changes should be made? What ought to be done? What is the land/water use? This investigation gives you the opportunity to choose a topic that really interests you! Whatever topic you choose to investigate, your investigation should be structured. This means it has a definite beginning, middle and end. 1. The beginning – this is your aim or hypothesis (idea), eg ‘To investigate my local country park’; this is an example of an aim. ‘Local forestry is mostly on steeper or sloping ground’; this is an example of a hypothesis – something your investigation will prove or disprove. UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 21 SUPPORT SHEETS 2. The middle: collecting the information or data (enquiry skills). presenting your results. analysis of your results. 3. The end – this is your conclusion. You may wish to include a short evaluation of your investigation – was there anything that you would do differently another time, and why? 22 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 11: Discussion – what makes a good practical investigation? Working with a partner, read the bullet points below. The information should be collected first-hand. It is good advice to limit your aim (eg a study of a single farm rather than ‘Farming in East Lothian’). Choose a topic that is really local so that it is easy to revi sit if you need more information. Choose a topic that really interests you. Possible differences made by collecting information at different times/days/months. The influence of the weather/seasons at the time you collect information. Possible risks or dangers in collecting the information. After discussion, try to sort the bullet points into order of importance. Now compare your results with another pair. UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 23 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 12: Local investigation – using questionnaires A questionnaire is a really useful way to collect information, but needs to be well-planned. Think about exactly what you want to find out – you usually only have one chance! Too many questions may put people off from answering, while too few questions will not give you information you may need. A. Questionnaires can be used to record opinions Example 1 What did you like most about your visit to Castle Campbell today? … What did you like least about your visit to Castle Campbell today? … Example 2 Do you think the high street is: Dirty 1 2 3 (circle one number only) 4 5 Clean Consider how you will process the results; a simple tally count can be used to draw a pie chart, bar chart, divided bar graph or maybe present the results as a table. Which method is easiest to read? Long, wordy answers are slow to write down and difficult to analyse, but can be really useful if you want to include quotes in your final investigation report. Example: Visitors to Beecraigs Country Park A student carried out a study of 100 visitors to Beecraigs Country Park. These are the results of one question. How did you get to Beecraigs Country Park today? Car 65 Bike 20 Draw a pie chart to show these results. 24 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 Motorbike 10 Walk 5 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 12 (cont.) B. Questionnaires can be used to collect facts The example below is for the businesses on an industrial estate. It could be adapted for use at an urban business or science park. Industries at Bridgend Industrial Estate, Kinross I/we are carrying out a study of Bridgend Industrial Estate as part of our school course. Please would you help by answering a few short questions? Name of company …………………………………………………………...…. 1. What is the main activity of your company? …………………………… 2. Is this factory: the headquarters or only factory in the company? a subsidiary factory in a group of factories owned by the company? In which group does the number of employees fall? 0–5 6–25 26–100 Over 100 Are the majority of employees in this factory: a. highly skilled semi-skilled unskilled b. permanent temporary seasonal Does this factory use large amounts of: oil electricity natural gas solar power wind power other ……………. What are the company’s main reasons for locating here? 3. 4. 5. 6. Thank you very much for your help For example, interviewing a farmer will give much useful information, but you will need to list your questions before you visit a farm. Write a questionnaire suitable for a farm visit – maximum 10 questions. Some ideas to help you: size of farm animals buildings weather machinery work force crops chemicals on the farm market/sales UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 25 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 13: Local investigation – using photographs Photographs are an excellent way to record your local area. There is no need to borrow an expensive digital camera: mobile phones are excellent! Make good use of your photographs by adding labels and a key to draw attention to the most important features. Example: Land use near Bridge of Earn Write the correct number on the photograph to show features of land use. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Coniferous forest. Mixed woodland beside streams. Rough grazing land with rocky outcrops and bracken. Improved pasture for grazing sheep Cereal crops on flat land easy to plough. Farm buildings built well back from the river to avoid flooding. More ideas for using photographs: Draw a field sketch based on the photograph. This very easy if you can project your photograph onto a whiteboard and then draw the main lines. A drawing allows you to choose the most important features of the photograph and ignore the details. Your library or local history society will have photo graphs of your local area. Choose a photograph of a local view, then take a photograph standing at the same viewpoint. This is very useful for studying historical changes in local land and water use. Choose a line (transect) across your local area. Now follow that line, taking a photograph at regular intervals to record the changing land and water use across your local area. If it is a small area, you may walk and take a photograph every minute. 26 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 14: A library-based investigation Videos and DVDs Newspapers and magazines Books TV programmes ICT resources A wide range of resources are available, but some may be more useful than others. Working in a small group, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of the resources shown above. Now, in the centre of a large sheet of paper, copy the sketch above and extend it to give as many advantages and disadvantages as you can for each information source. Library investigations are useful for investigating controversial developments and proposals, such as the location of a wind farm or a major electricity transmission line. Caution! Remember that you are investigating an issue, and your final report should represent fairly the facts both for and against a development proposal. Again, your investigation will have a beginning, middle and end. Sort the phrases below into the correct order. Conclusion Introduction Reasons for the development Reasons against the development Aim Resources/bibliography Title UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 27 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 15: Using a ‘note frame’ for an internet search A frame will help you organise the information you collect from the internet. It will also help you select only relevant information – and avoid the temptation of copying large chunks of text straight from websites. Try this example. Loch Leven, Kinross: an investigation Where is Loch Leven? What is special about the history and wildlife of Loch Leven? What activities are there in the Loch Leven area? How is Loch Leven protected? Are there any threats or conflicts that may affect Loch Leven? An image of Loch Leven or the surrounding area. References www.snh.org.uk/scottish/taysclack/nnr.asp www.lochlevenheritagetrail.co.uk www.kinross.cc/ Now choose a topic in your local area, plan your questions and find the answers using only two or three websites. Your teacher will help you choose the best websites. 28 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS Student support sheet 16: Writing up your investigation Some points to consider. Aim Keep this short and simple: eg to find out why people visit Townhill Country Park to study Watergate Farm to find out … Introduction Where is your study area? A simple map is useful here. Can you give a very brief history or background? eg Before this factory was built the land was used for … Reasons for the development Why? Think back to the terms used on support sheet 3. You may also consider local planning constraints, government and local grants, environmental protection measures and incentive schemes such as the Scottish Rural Development Programme and environmentally sensitive areas. What impact does the development have? What effects does this land/water use have on: employment? transport (eg roads and railways)? housing? local service industries (schools, hospitals, shops etc)? pollution? Sort your finding into positive and negative impacts. What changes should be made? What do you think? Can you suggest any improvements for the future? UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 29 SUPPORT SHEETS Conclusion This should relate back to your aim. It is also the place to evaluate – what would have improved this investigation? What would you change if you were to do it again? Were there any problems collecting information? References A list of books, maps, CDs, websites, etc that you used in your research. Don’t forget to acknowledge anyone who helped by providing information such as a countryside ranger or fish farm manager. How long should my investigation report be? This is really difficult to answer – as a rough guide, maybe about three sides of A4, but if your writing is very big or you have many graphs and photographs, it may be longer. If it is word processed, then it may be shorter and still contain all necessary information. 30 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 SUPPORT SHEETS Teacher support sheet 1: Assessing an investigation report Good practice to avoid this being a potential minefield: Share marking criteria with the students. The criteria should include content, effort and presentation. Final assessment is a simple pass/fail. Be prepared to give students support with interim monitoring and discussion. Peer evaluation is also useful. Finally extend the audience. Students enjoy researching a topic of their choice and often produce excellent work. Poster displays, PowerPoint presentations to senior staff members, parents and other visitors to the school will be appreciated. UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010 31 SUPPORT SHEETS Teacher support sheet 2: Further resources http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/education/teachingresour ce s/index.html Too many resources to list here, includes pdf downloads for OS signs and symbols, teaching ideas relating slope and land use. http://mapzone.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/mapzone Really fun site with many map games and activities. Includes a link to Geograph (see below). www.geograph.org.uk Representative images of every square kilometre of the British Isles . Very useful – type in your postcode for photographs taken in your area! Also has games and activities. Use local council websites to begin an investigation of potentially controversial planning issues in your local area, eg www.pkc.gov.uk Use ‘advanced search’ in Google to narrow down the type of file you are looking for. http://microsoft.office.com/en-us/clipart 32 UNIT 3: LAND USE (INT 1, MER) © Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010