1 The Paper
This option requires knowledge of the main philosophical themes discussed by the major thinkers from St.
Augustine to Suárez. Because of the extent of the influence of Greek thought on the mediaeval period, the
student is advised to be well advanced in his or her work for the Greek Philosophy paper before starting to
work for this one.
All students should have a thorough grounding in Augustine and Aquinas, and Scotus and Ockham.
The questions asked are for the most part restricted to the areas of metaphysics and epistemology, with
some attention paid to logic. There is a great continuity of theme within medieval philosophical thought,
and it is rewarding to trace the treatment of philosophical problems right through from Augustine to Suárez.
2 Basic Reading
Anthologies & Works of Reference
Kretzmann, N., and E.Stump. eds. 1988. The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press 1988. Vol.1: Logic and the Philosophy of Language.
Wippel, J. F., and A. Wolter. eds. 1969. Medieval Philosophy: from St. Augustine to Nicholas of Cusa. London:
Collier-Macmillan.
Hyman, Arthur, and James J. Walsh. eds. 1967. Philosophy in Middle Ages: the Christian, Islamic, and Jewish
Traditions. 2nd ed. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1983.
Schoedinger, A. ed. 1996. Readings in Medieval Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gilson, E. 1936. The Spirit of Mediæval Philosophy. London: Sheed & Ward.
Kretzmann, Norman, A. J. P. Kenny, and Jan Pinborg. eds. 1982. The Cambridge History of Later Medieval
Philosophy: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Disintegration of Scholasticism. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
J. F. Wippel, ed., Readings in Medieval Philosophy.
Dronke, P. ed. 1992. A History of Twelfth-Century Western Philosophy. New ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Spade, P. ed. 1994. Five Texts on the Medieval Problem of Universals: Porphyry, Boethius, Aberlard, Duns Scotus and
Ockham. Indianapolis: Hackett.
Introductory Texts
Evans, G. R. 1993. Philosophy and Theology in the Middle Ages. London: Routledge.
Leaman, O. 1985. An Introduction to Medieval Islamic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Martin, C. J. F. 1996. An Introduction to Medieval Philosophy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Luscombe, D. 1997. Medieval Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Copleston, F. C. 1972. A History of Medieval Philosophy. London: Methuen.
Marenbon, J. 1988. Early Medieval Philosophy (480-1150): an Introduction. Rev. ed. London: Routledge.
——. 1987. Later Medieval Philosophy (1150-1350): an Introduction. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Grant, E. 1996. The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their Religious, Institutional and Intellectual
Contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kenny, A., and J. Pinborg. 1982. ‘Medieval Philosophical Literature’. In Kretzmann, Kenny and Pinborg, eds. The
Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy.
Jolivet, J. 1992. ‘The Arabic Inheritance’. In P. Dronke, ed., A History of Twelfth-Century Western Philosophy.
Hughes, C. 1998. ‘Medieval Philosophy’. In A. C. Grayling, ed., Philosophy 2: Further Through the Subject. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
3 Specific Authors
A. AUGUSTINE
The Confessions.
City of God.
On Freedom of Choice.
The Soliloquies.
On the Immortality of the Soul.
On Christian Doctrine.
On the Trinity.
The above texts are available as single volume works, in editions from Penguin, Hackett, the Bristol
Classical Texts, Oxford University Press, and the Catholic University Press of America.
Secondary Reading
O’Daly, G. 1987. Augustine’s Philosophy of Mind. London: Duckworth.
O’Connell, R. J. 1969. St. Augustine’s Confessions: the Odyssey of Soul. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press.
——. 1968. Augustine’s Early Theory of Man. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Rist, John M. ed., Augustine: A Collection of Critical Essays.
——. 1994. Augustine: Ancient Thought Baptized. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kirwan, C. 1989. Augustine. London: Routledge.
Evans, G. R. 1982. Augustine on Evil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wetzel, J. 1992. Augustine and the Limits of Virtue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bourke, V. 1947. Augustine's Quest of Wisdom: Life and Philosophy of the Bishop of Hippo. Milwaukee, WI: Bruce
Publishing Company.
Chappell, T. D. J. 1995. Aristotle and Augustine on Freedom: Two Theories of Freedom, Voluntary Action and
Akrasia. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Pt.2.
Stump, E., and N. Kretzmann. eds. 2001. Cambridge Companion to Augustine. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
B. BOETHIUS
Boethius: Theological, Tractates and on the Consolation of Philosophy. Translated and edited by H. F. Stewart, E. K.
Rand, and S. J. Tester. Rev. ed. Loeb Classical Library. London: Heinemann, 1973. The Consolation of Philosophy
is available in the Penguin Classics series.
Second Commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge. In P. Spade, ed., Five Texts on the Medieval Problem of Universals.
Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994.
Secondary Reading
Chadwick, H. 1981. Boethius: the Consolations of Music, Logic, Theology, and Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gibson, M. ed. 1981. Boethius: his Life, Thought and Influence. Oxford: Blackwell.
Stump, E. 1989. Dialectic and its Place in the Development of Medieval Logic. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press.
Liebeschutz, H. 1967. ‘Boethius and Legacy of Antiquity’. In A. H. Armstrong ed., The Cambridge History of Later
Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McInerny, R. 1990. Boethius and Aquinas. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America.
Patch, H. R. 1929. ‘Fate in Boethius and the Neoplatonits’. Speculum.
Davies, M. 1989. ‘Boethius on Divine Foreknowledge’. In J. Fischer ed., God, Foreknowledge, and Freedom. Stanford,
Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Craig, W. L. 1988. The Problem of Divine Foreknowledge and Future Contingents from Aristotle to Suarez. Leiden:
Brill. Ch.3.
Schmid, W. 1957. ‘Boethius and the claims of Philosophy’. Studia Patristica.
C. ERIUGENA
Treatise on Divine Predestination. Translated by Mary Brennan. Notre Dame, In.: University of Notre Dame Press,
1998.
Secondary Literature
Carabine, Deirdre. 2000. John Scottus Eriugena.
Moran, D. 1989. The Philosophy of John Scottus Eriugena: a Study of Idealism in the Middle Ages. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Gersh, S. 1978. From Iamlichus to Eriugena: an Investigation of the Prehistory and Evolution of the Pseudo-Dionysian
Tradition. Leiden: Brill.
O’Meara, J. J. 1988. Eriugena. Oxford: Clarendon,
O’Meara, J. J. 1973. The Mind of Eriugena. Dublin: Irish University Press for Royal Irish Academy.
D. ABELARD
Ethica. Peter Abelard’s ‘Ethics’. Translated by D. Luscombe. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
Ethical writings: his Ethics or Know yourself and his Dialogue between a philosopher, a Jew, and a Christian.
Translated by Paul V. Spade. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1995.
Glosses on Porphyry in his Logica ingredientibus. In P. Spade, ed., Five Texts on the Medieval Problem of Universals.
Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994.
Secondary Reading
Adams, M. M. ‘Introduction’ to Spade edition of Ethical Writings.
Marenbon, J. 1997. The Philosophy of Peter Abelard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Quinn, P. 1993. ‘Abelard on Atonement’. In E. Stump, ed., Reasoned Faith. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
de Rijk, L. 1986. ‘Peter Aberlard's Semantics and his Doctrine of Being’. Vivarium 24: 85-127.
Jacobi, K. 1983. ‘Statements About Events: Modal and Tense Analysis in Medieval Logic’. Vivarium 21: 85-107
Lewis, N. 1987. ‘Determinate Truth in Aberlard’. Vivarium 25: 81-109.
Luscombe, D. E. 1969. The School of Peter Aberlard: the Influence of Abelard’s Thought in the Early Scholastic
Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mews, Constant J. 1995. Peter Aberlard. Authors of the Middle Ages. Vol. 2. Aldershot: Variorum.
Tweedale, M. 1992. ‘Logic: to the time of Aberlard’. In P. Dronke ed., A History of Twelfth-Century Western
Philosophy. New ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
E. ANSELM
Anselm of Canterbury, Vol.1. Monologion; Proslogion; Debate with Gaunilo; and a Meditation on Human Redemption.
Edited and translated by Jasper Hopkins and Herbert Richardson. London: S.C.M. Press, 1974.
Anselm of Canterbury, Vol.2. Philosophical fragments; De grammatico; On truth; Freedom of choice; The fall of the
devil; The harmony of the foreknowledge, the predestination, and the grace of God with free choice. Edited and
translated by Jasper Hopkins and Herbert Richardson. London: S. C. M. Press, 1974.
St Anselm: Basic Writings, trans. and ed., S. N. Deane. LaSalle: Open Court Publishing Company, 1962. Contains
Monologion, Proslogion, and the debate with Gaunilo.
Anselm: Monologion & Proslogion with the Replies of Gaunilo & Anselm, trans. and ed., T. Williams, Indianapolis:
Hackett.
Secondary Reading
Southern, R. 1990. St. Anselm: A Portrait in a Landscape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Henry, D. P. 1967. The Logic of St. Anselm. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Schufrieder, G. 1994. Confessions of a Rational Mystic: Anselm’s Early Writings. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue
University Press.
Evans, G. R. 1978. Anselm and Talking about God. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hartshorne, C. 1965. Anselm's Discovery: a Re-examination of the Ontological Proof for God’s Existence. Lasalle, Ill.:
Open Court.
La Croix, R. 1972. Proslogion II and III: A Third Intepretation of Anselm's Argument. Leiden: Brill.
Morris, Thomas V. 1987. Anselmian Explorations: Essays in Philosophical Theology. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of
Notre Dame Press.
Wierenga, E. 1988. ‘Anselm on Omnipresence’. New Scholasticism 62: 30-41.
Rogers, Katherin A. 1997. The Neoplatonic Metaphysics and Epistemology of Anselm of Canterbury. Lewiston
Lampeter: Edward Mellen Press.
F. AQUINAS
Basic Writings of St Thomas Aquinas. Edited by Anton C. Pegis. 2 Vols. New York: Random House, 1945. Contains
many selections from the Summa Theologiae and Summa Contra Gentiles.
Gilby, T., and T. C. O’Brian. eds. Summa Theologiae. The Blackfriars Edition. London: Eyre & Spottiswood, 1964-81.
The edition has many volumes, each with its own introduction and comments, and has Latin and English on facing
pages.
McDermott, T. ed. 1991. The Summa Theologiae: A Concise English Translation. London: Methuen.
——. Aquinas: Philosophy Writings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Martin, C. J. F. ed. 1988. The Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas: Introductory Readings. London: Routledge.
Pegis, A. ed. 1975. Summa Contra Gentiles. 4 Vols. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press.
Bobik, J. ed. 1965. On Being and Essence. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press. Contains an extensive and
careful commentary.
Goodwin, R. ed. 1965. Selected Writings of St Thomas Aquinas. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Educational Publishing.
Contains On Being and Essence, along with The Principles of Nature, On the Virtues in General, and On Freedom
of Choice.
M. Fitzpatrick and J. Wellmuth. edd., Aquinas’ Commentary on Spiritual Creatures, Milwaukee: Marquette University
Press.
Rowan, J. trans. 1961. Aquinas’ Commentary on the Metaphysics of Aristotle. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.
Baumgarth, W. M., and Richard J. Regan. eds. 1988. St. Thomas Aquinas: On Law, Morality & Politics. Indianapolis:
Hackett.
Disputed Questions On Evil, trans. and eds., J. and J. Oesterle, Catholic Univ. Press of America.
Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics, trans., and ed., C. Litzinger. Chicago Univ. Press.
Bobik, J. 1998. ed. Aquinas on Matter and Form and the Elements: a translation and interpretation of the De principiis
naturae and the De mixtione elementorum of St. Thomas Aquinas. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Disputed Questions on the Soul, trans. J. Robb, Marquette Univ. Press.
Disputed Questions on Truth, transs. R. Mulligan, V. McGlynn and Schmidt, Hackett.
Secondary Reading
Davies, B. 1992. The Thought of Thomas Aquinas. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Finnis, J. 1988. Aquinas: Moral, Political and Legal Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Macdonald, S., and E. Stump. 1998. Aquinas’s Moral Theory: Essays in Honor of Norman Kretzmann. Ithaca, New
York: Cornell University Press.
Wawrykow, J. 1995. God’s Grace and Human Action: ‘merit’ in the Theology of Thomas Aquinas. Notre Dame:
University of Notre Dame Press.
Kenny, A. 1969. The Five Ways: Saint Thomas Aquinas’ Proofs of God’s Existence. London: Routledge and Kegan
Paul.
——. 1993. Aquinas on Mind. London: Routledge.
——. ed. 1969. Aquinas: A Collection of Critical Essays. New York: Doubleday.
McInerny, R. 1982. Ethica Thomistica: the Moral Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas. Washington, D.C.: Catholic
University of America Press.
——. 1996. Aquinas and Analogy. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Kretzmann, N., and E. Stump. eds. 1993. The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Bradley, D. 1997. Aquinas on the Twofold Human Good: Reason and Human Happiness in Aquinas’s Moral Science.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Aertsen, Jan A. 1996. Medieval Philosophy and the Transcendentals: The Case of Thomas Aquinas. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
——. 1988. Nature & Creature: Thomas Aquinas’ Way of Thought. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Gilson, E. 1983. The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. New York: Octagon Books.
Copleston, F. C. 1955 Thomas Aquinas. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Westberg, D. 1994. Right Practical Reason: Aristotle, Action, and Prudence in Aquinas. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Wippel, J. F. 1984. Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America
Press.
Anscombe, G. E. M., and P. Geach. 1961. Three Philosophers: Aristotle, Aquinas, Frege. Oxford: Blackwell. See
Geach’s essay on Aquinas.
Hughes, C. 1989. On a Complex Theory of a Simple God: An Investigation in Aquinas’ Philosophical Theology. Ithaca:
Cornell University Press.
Blanchette, O. 1992. The Perfection of the Universe According to Aquinas: A Teleological Cosmology. Philadelphia,
PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Lisska, A. 1996. Aquinas's Theory of Natural Law: an Analytic Reconstrution. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Jenkins, J. 1997. Knowledge and Faith in Thomas Aquinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Boland, V. 1996. Ideas in God according to Saint Thomas Aquinas. Leiden: Brill.
O'Rourke, F. 1992. Pseudo-Dionysius and the Metaphysics of Aquinas. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Martin, C. J. F. 1997. Thomas Aquinas: God and Explanations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
G. MEDIEVAL JEWISH PHILOSOPHY
Primary
Sirat, C. 1985. A History of Jewish Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
See also selections from Saadia, Maimonides, Gersonides and Crescas in the anthologies listed above. And
the sections on the Jewish Philosophical tradition in the Islamic cultural world in S. H. Nasr and O.
Leaman, eds., History of Islamic Philosophy, 2 Vols., (London: Routledge, 1995), Part 1. And M.
Friedlander, ed., Maimonides: The Guide for the Perplexed, (London: Routledge, 1904).
Secondary Reading
Broadie, A. 1995. ‘Maimonides’. In S.H. Nasr, ed., History of Islamic Philosophy.
Leaman, O. 1990. Maimonides. London: Routledge.
Ormsby, E. L. ed. 1989. Maimonides and his Time. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Leaman, O. 1995. Evil and Suffering in Jewish Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chs. 3-5.
Davidson, H. 1987. Proofs of Eternity, Creation and the Existence of God in Medieval Islamic & Jewish Philosophy.
New York: Oxford University Press.
H. MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY
See selections from Alfarabi, Avicenna and Averroes in the above listed anthologies, and O. Leaman, An
Introduction to Medieval Islamic Philosophy.
Secondary Reading
H. Davidson, H. 1992. Alfarabi, Avicenna, Averroes on Intellect: their Cosmologies, Theories of the Active and
Theories of Human Intellect. New York: Oxford University Press.
——. 1987. Proofs of Eternity, Creation and the Existence of God in Medieval Islamic & Jewish Philosophy. New
York: Oxford University Press.
Hasse, D. N. Avicenna in the West.
Goodman, L. 1992. Avicenna. London: Routledge.
Leaman, O. 1988. Averroes and his Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Marmura, M. 1986. ‘Avicenna's “Flying Man” in Context’. Monist 69: 383-395.
Bello, I. 1989. The Medieval Islamic Controversey Between Philosophy and Orthodoxy: ijma‘ and ta’wil in the conflict
between al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Goodman, L. 1999. Jewish and Islamic Philosophy: Crosspollinations in the Classical Age. Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press.
I. DUNS SCOTUS
Duns Scotus: Philosophical Writings. Translated by Allen B. Wolter. Indianapolis: Hackett.
A Treatise on God as First Principle. Translated by Allen B. Wolter. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1966.
Duns Scotus On the Will & Morality. Translated by Allan B. Wolter. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of
America Press, 1997.
Frank W., and A. Wolter. eds. 1995. Duns Scotus Metaphysician. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press.
A. Wolter, ed. 1975. John Duns Scotus: God and Creatures, the Quolitbetal Questions. Princeton: Princeton
Universitty Press.
Secondary Reading
Wolter, A. 1990. The Philosophical Theology of Duns Scotus. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press.
——. 1946. The Transcendentals and their Function in the Metaphysics of Duns Scotus. St. Bonaventure, N. Y.: The
Franciscan Institute.
Bettoni, E. The Philosophy of Duns Scotus.
Harris, C. R. S. 1927. Duns Scotus. 2 Vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Bonansea, B., and J. K. Ryan. ed. 1965. John Duns Scotus, 1265-1965. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of
America Press.
Bonansea, B. 1983. Man and his Approach to God in John Duns Scotus. Lanham: University Press of America.
Broadie, A. 1995. The Shadow of Scotus: Philosophy and Faith in pre-Reformation Scotland. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.
Langston, D. 1986. God’s Willing Knowledge: the Influence of Scotus’ Analysis of Omniscience. University Park:
Pennsylvania State University Press.
Ingham, M. 1989. Ethics and Freedom: An Historical-Critical Investigation of Scotist Ethical Thought. Lanham:
University Press of America.
Honnefelder, L., R. Wood, and M. Dreyer. eds. 1996. John Duns Scotus: Metaphysics and Ethics. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Cross, R. 1999. Scotus. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
——. 1998. The Physics of Duns Scotus: the Scientific Context of a Theological Vision. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
J. OCKHAM
Loux. M. J. trans.1974. Ockham’s Theory of Terms: Part 1 of the Summa Logicae. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of
Notre Dame Press.
Boehner. P. ed. Ockham: Philosophical Writings. Indianapolis: Hackett.
Adams, M., and N. Kretzmann, trans., William Ockham: Predestination, God’s Foreknowledge, and Future
Contingents, Indianapolis: Hackett.
Freddoso, Alfred J., and Francis E. Kelley. 1998. Quodlibetal Questions. 2 Vols. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Secondary Reading
Adams, M. M. 1987. William Ockham. 2 Vols. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.
Wood, R. ed. 1997. Ockham on the Virtues. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press.
Leff, G. 1975. William of Ockham: The Metamorphosis of Scholastic Discourse. Totowa, N. J.
Adams, M. M. 1995. ‘Ockham’s Moral Theory’. In The Context of Casuistry, edited by James F. Keenan and Thomas
A. Shannon. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Spade, P. V. 1999. Cambridge Companion to Ockham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Freppert, L. 1988. The Basis of Morality According to William Ockham. Chicago, Ill.: Franciscan Herald Press.
K. LATE MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
Nicholas of Autrecourt, Correspondence with Master Giles and Bernard of Arezzo, trans. and ed., L. M. de Rijk.
Niholas of Cusa, see selections in Hyman and Walsh eds., and Wippel and Wolter, eds.
Universal Treatise, trans. and ed., L. Kennedy, R. Arnould and A. Millward, Marquette University Press.
Luis de Molina, Concordia, trans., and ed., A Freddoso. Cornell: Cornell University Press. Part IV
Suárez, On Efficient Causality, trans. and ed., A. Freddoso. Yale University Press.
L. SELECTED SPECIALIST READING
Carre, M. H. 1946. Realists and Nominalists. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kneale, W., and M. Kneale. 1962. The Development of Logic. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Sections on the Medievals.
Boehner, Philotheus. 1952. Mediæval Logic: an Outline of its Development from 1250 to c.1400. Manchester:
Manchester University Press.
Hamlyn, D. W. 1961. Sensation and Perception: a History of the Philosophy of Perception. London: Routledge and
Kegan Paul. The section on medieval theories of perception.
Gracia, J. J. E. ed. 1994. Individuation in Scholasticism: the Later Middle Ages and Counter-Reformation. Albany:
State University of New York Press.
Kent, B. 1995. The Virtues of the Will: the Transformation of Ethics in the Late Thirteenth Century. Washington, D.C.:
Catholic University of America Press.
Brett, A. 1997. Liberty, Right & Nature: Individual Rights in Later Scholastic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Knuuttila, S. 1993. Modalities in Medieval Philosophy. London: Routledge.
Boh, I. 1993. Epistemic Logic in the Later Middle Ages. London: Routledge.
Halopainen, T. 1996. Dialectic & Theology in the Eleventh Century. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Saarinen, R. 1994. The Weakness of the Will in Medieval Thought: from Augustine to Buridan. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Dales, R. 1995. The Problem of the Rational Soul in the Thirteenth Century. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
——. 1990. Medieval Discussions of the Eternity of the World. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Gracia, J. J. E. 1984. Introduction to the Problem of Individuation in the Middle Ages. Washington, D.C.: Catholic
University of America Press.
Weisheipl, J. 1985. Nature and Motion in the Middle Ages. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Bosley, R., and M. Tweedale. eds. 1992. Aristotle and his Medieval Interpreters. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
John Marenbon ed., Aristotle in Britian During the Middle Ages.
Pasnau, R. 1997. Theories of Cognition in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Grant, E. 1994. Planets, Stars and Orbs: The Medieval Cosmos 1200-1687. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Livesey, S. 1989. Theology and Science in the Fourteenth Century. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Southern, R. 1995. Scholastic Humanism and the Unification of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell.
Colish, M. 1994. Peter Lombard. 2 Vols. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Smalley, B. 1960. English Friars and Antiquity in the Early Fourteenth Century. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Gerson, L. P. ed. 1983. Graceful Reason: Essays in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy Presented to Joseph Owens.
Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
Long, R. J. ed. 1991. Philosophy and the God of Abraham: Essays in Memory of James A. Weisheipl, OP. Toronto:
Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
Davenport, A. 1999. Measure of a Different Greatness: the Intensive Infinite, 1250-1650. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Reynolds, P. L. 1999. Food and the Body: Some Peculiar Questions in High Medieval Theology. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Wissink, J. B. M. 1990. The Eternity of the World: in the Thought of Thomas Aquinas and his Contemporaries. Leiden:
E. J. Brill.