International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
ITU in 1865
Trends in Telecommunication
Policy and Regulation
Eric Lie
Regulatory Analyst
ITU Regional Office for Asia and
the Pacific
NTC-ITU Workshop on
Telecommunications Policy and
Regulation for Competition
Bangkok, Thailand
11 - 15 July 2005
The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do
not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU or its Membership.
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
ITU in Brief
ITU Structure
Plenipotentiary
Conference
§ UN specialized agency, concerned with the
development of telecommunication networks
and services worldwide
§ 140 years old
§ 189 Member States; 650+ Sector Members
§ Around 790 staff / 83 nationalities
§ 2004 budget = CHF164m (USD 132m)
§ Secretary-General: Yoshio Utsumi (Japan)
§ Deputy Sec-General: Roberto Blois (Brazil)
§ Website: http://www.itu.int
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World/Regional
Radiocommunication
Conference (WRC)
Radiocommunication
Assembly (RA)
Development (ITU-D)
World
Telecommunication
Standardization
Assembly (WTSA)
World/Regional
Telecommunication
Development
Conference (WTDC)
Advisory
Group
Advisory
Group
Radio Regulations
Board (RRB
Advisory
Group
Study
Groups
Secretariat
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International Telecommunication Union
Director
Radiocommunication
Bureau (BR)
Study
Groups
Secretary-General
Deputy Secretary -General
Director
Telecom Standardization
Bureau (TSB)
Study
Groups
T ELECOM
Director
Telecom Development
Bureau (BDT)
International Telecommunication Union
What does ITU do?
Development Sector (ITU-D)
§
§
§
§
§
Spectrum allocation and registration
Coordination of national spectrum planning
International telecoms standardization
Collaboration in international tariff-setting
Cooperation in telecoms development
assistance
§ Measures for ensuring safety of life
§ Policy reviews, information exchange
§ Extension of universal access
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World Conferences on
Int’l Telecoms
Council
Radiocommunications (ITU -R) Standardization (ITU-T)
§ World Telecom Development Conference Doha, Qatar 2006
§ Study Groups
§ Telecommunication Indicators reports and
databases
§ Regulatory assistance
§ Technical cooperation
§ Regional offices
§ Director: Hamadoun Touré (Mali)
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
ITU Field Offices
Istanbul Action Plan (IsAP)
Prog 2
Technologies
and networks
Moscow
Geneva
Tegucigalpa
Brasilia
Prog 1
Regulatory
Reform
Cairo
Bridgetown
Dakar
Yaounde
Addis
Ababa
Prog 4
Economics and
Finance
Bangkok
Jakarta
Santiago
Prog 3
E-Strategies and
E-services
Prog 5
Human Capacity
Building
Harare
Prog 6
Least Developed
Countries
Regional Office
Area Office
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
ICT Users Worldwide
Global ICT Revenue
Telephone and Internet Users
World, Millions
1'500
Revenues from public switched
telephone, cellular mobile and other
telecommunication networks
worldwide, 1993-2003 and 2003, in
current USD billions
Global service revenue trends, in current US$ billions
1'200
1'000
Data and other
800
1'000
Fixed-line
Internet
users
500
600
Mobile
400
International fixed telephone
200
Domestic fixed telephone
Data and
other,
19.1%
0
1993
95
97
99
01
2003
Mobile,
37.7%
Mobile
0
1991
94
97
2000
Global service revenues, 2003 Total = US$1.1 trillion
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
Cellular and Internet Users
739 million
Developing
Int'l fixed,
telephone,
4.4%
03
9
1.48 billion
Domestic
fixed
telephone,
38.9%
Trends in Competition
The legal status of competition in global
telecommunication market segments in 2004
Cellular mobile users mid-2004 and
mobile users added 2000-mid 2004;
56.0%
78.5%
Monopoly
691 million
44.0%
Developed
21.5%
39.1%
90%
80%
Developing
70%
66.2%
Mid-2004 Installed
base
Cellular mobile subscribers
New subscribers
added, 2000-Mid
2004
Competition
100%
332 million
60%
50%
60.9%
40%
30%
Developed
20%
33.8%
10%
0%
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Number of Internet users
2003, and new Internet
users added, 2000-2003
2003 Installed
base
Internet Users
New users
added, 20002003
Basic
services
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Leased lines
Wireless
local loop
Cellular
Cable TV
VSAT
ISPs
International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
Regulators Worldwide
Trends in Privatization
Growth in the number of National Regulatory Authorities
worldwide; 1990 - 2004
Partially and fully privatized incumbent operators worldwide;
1991 – 2004
Countries
160
Regulatory
agencies, world
(cumulative)
Private
132
117
106
State-owned
86
140
94
75
120
100
56
43
80
27
60
14
40
31
34
17
20
04
2004
20
00
20
01
2001
19
99
1999
19
97
19
98
1995
19
95
19
96
1993
13
19
93
19
94
1991
19
90
19
91
0
19
92
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
ITU Regulatory Reform Program
§ International and regional regulatory forums
• e.g. Global Symposium for Regulators, Seminar
on Enforcement, Virtual Conference on Spectrum
Management, Spam, etc.
§ Publications and reports on regulatory
issues
• e.g. Trends in Telecommunication Reform –
Licensing (2004), Universal Access (2003),
Interconnection (2002); Dispute Resolution in the
Telecoms Sector, etc.
§ Regulatory resources
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• e.g. TREG database, annual regulatory survey,
online regulatory library
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
ITU Regulatory Reform
Programme (con’t)
ITU Regulatory Reform
Programme (con’t)
§ Direct assistance and capacity building
§ Regulatory Tools
• e.g. Establishment of an Integrated ICT Market
in W. Africa, e-Learning course on Dispute
Resolution, Interconnection, etc.
• Global Regulators’ Exchange (GREX) - online
exchange and discussion board for regulators
and policy makers
• ITU - infoDev ICT Regulation Toolkit - online
regulator’s handbook on telecommunications
regulation
• ITU - WorldBank Telecommunications Dispute
Resolution Database – online database of global
regulatory decisions
§ Regulatory models, case studies and best
practices on key issues
• Interconnection Dispute Settlement (2003) –
Botswana, Denmark, India, Jordan, Malaysia
• Convergence (2003) – Brazil, Colombia,
Venezuela
• Licensing (2004) – Canada, Lithuania, Mexico,
Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
Other activities
ITU Regulatory Reform
Programme (con’t)
ITU Workshop on Competition Policy
§ Organised by ITU Strategy and Policy Unit
(SPU), 20 - 22 November 2002, Geneva,
Switzerland
§ Background paper and resource material
§ Case studies
• Chile, Denmark, India and the United States
§ Presentations and papers
• Market definition, EU New Regulatory
Framework, etc.
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http://www.itu.int/competition
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
Emerging regulatory issues
Emerging regulatory issues
Trends in Int’l voice traffic
§ Market-based tools for Spectrum
Management
International traffic (billions of minutes)
180
160
VoIP
140
PSTN
120
As % of total
100
§ Regulating VoIP
11.8%
80
60
40
§ Combating Spam
Revenue and average price of international traffic
70
60
4.8%
20
0
13.1%
7.4%
0.01%
0.2%
1997
1998
50
1.6%
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
68
63
40
58
51
44
30
39
20
§ Promoting Broadband
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33
Revenue (US$bn)
Price per minute (US cents)
0
1997
21
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
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International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
Emerging Regulatory Issues
Emerging regulatory issues
The Growth of Broadband
Spam growth worldwide
B r o a d b a n d s u b s c r i b e r s w o r l d w i d e , million
Spam as a percentage of all email worldwide (MessageLabs)
80
120
15.3%
70
100
60
Spam as a percentage of
all email worldwide
(Brightmail)
50
40
30
65%
80
60
48%
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Broadband
subscribers as a
percentage of
Internet users
11.2%
7.33%
10
40
32%
0
Nov Dec Jan Feb Apr Mar May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
'03
'04
'04
20
3.96%
0.56%
0
8%
1998
23
June '01
1.25%
June '02
June '03
June '04
1999
2000
2001
2002
S o u r c e : I T U I n t e r n e t R e p o r t s 2 0 0 4 “ T h e P o r t a b l e I n t e r n e t”
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2003
2003
International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union
http://www.itu.int/itu-d/treg
Thank you
http://www.itu.int/
Eric Lie
eric.lie@itu.int
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