ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
East Main Street (Route 123) at Route I-495 Northbound
& Southbound Ramps
Town of Norton
May 11, 2016
Prepared For:
MassDOT
Prepared By:
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101 Walnut Street
Watertown, MA
Road Safety Audit—Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps
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Table of Contents
Contents
Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 Project Data ................................................................................................................................. 1 Project Location and Description .............................................................................................. 2 Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements........................................................ 5 Summary of Road Safety Audit ................................................................................................. 9 List of Appendices
Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Appendix D.
RSA Meeting Agenda
RSA Audit Team Contact List
Detailed Crash Data
Additional Information - Speed Regulations
List of Figures
Figure 1: Locus Map .................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Tables
Table 1: Participating Audit Team Members ............................................................................................. 2 Table 2: Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown ............................................................................. 9 Table 3: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary ................................................................................... 11 Road Safety Audit—Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps
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Background
The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) Highway Safety Section conducts Road
Safety Audits (RSA’s) prior to the design phase for any MassDOT project that includes a high crash
location. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) defines a Road Safety Audit (RSA) as the formal
safety examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team.
The purpose of an RSA is to identify potential safety issues and possible opportunities for safety
improvements considering all roadway users. This RSA evaluates the intersections of East Main Street
(Route 123) at I-495 Northbound Ramps and East Main Street (Route 123) at I-495 Southbound Ramps in
Norton, Massachusetts.
A review of the MassDOT top crash location database showed that these intersections are 2011-2013
Highway Safety Improvement Project (HSIP) clusters.
Project Data
An RSA was completed for East Main Street intersections on Thursday, March 31, 2016. The agenda for
the RSA meeting held at Norton Town Hall 70 Main Street, Norton is provided in Appendix A of this
report. As shown below in Table 1, the audit team consisted of a multidisciplinary team with
representatives from state, regional and local agencies providing expertise in the engineering, planning,
and maintenance fields. Contact information for the RSA attendees is provided in Appendix B of this
report.
Within the email invitation sent on March 15, 2016 to each participant in the RSA, background material
was provided. This information included collision diagrams and crash data summaries for the study area
based on accident reports obtained from the Town of Norton Police Department for the years 2011-2013.
During the RSA meeting, these materials were reviewed as a group prior to the field visit to the
intersections. During the RSA field visit, various safety issues were observed and identified. Following
the RSA field visit, the team returned to discuss additional concerns and potential solutions for the
existing safety issues.
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Table 1: Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Michelle Deng
John Mastera
Keith Silver
Beth Wierling
Jacqueline Schmidt
Kyle Richard
Yelena Dolezsar
Keri Gallagher
Rich Oliveira
Ross Morrow
Amy Silbovitz
Michael Yunits
Brian Clark
David Myles
Agency/Affiliation
MassDOT Traffic - Boston
MassDOT Highway Safety
Norton Highway Department
Town of Norton
SRPEDD
SRPEDD
MassDOT Traffic – District 5
MassDOT Traffic – District 5
MassDOT Projects – District 5
VHB
VHB
Town of Norton
Norton Police Department
Norton Fire Department
Project Location and Description
East Main Street (Route 123) is classified as a principal arterial roadway extending approximately 6.5
miles through the Town of Norton from Attleboro to Easton. East Main Street (Route 123) and Interstate
495 are part of an unsignalized interchange located in the northeast portion of the Town. East Main Street
(Route 123) is a two lane road, which is owned and maintained by the Town of Norton, except through
the interchange where it becomes MassDOT jurisdiction. It is part of the National Highway System
(NHS) making it an important road network link. It becomes a four lane road with a median as it
approaches the interchange. Route 123 serves commercial and residential properties which connect to the
town of Easton to the northeast and intersections with Route 140 to the southwest.
I-495 Northbound Off-Ramp approaches East Main Street (Route 123) from the south and the
Northbound On-Ramp continues north from the intersection. The eastbound approach of East Main Street
consists of an exclusive left turn lane and two through lanes. The westbound approach consists of two
through lanes with a right-turn diverging from the second through lane. The I-495 Northbound Off-Ramp
is a one lane approach that opens up at the intersection to provide for lefts under “Stop” control and right
turn movements separated by a delta island under “Yield” control.
At the intersection of East Main Street (Route 123) at I-495 Northbound Ramps there were 28 crashes
reported between January 2011 and December of 2013. Of the 28 crashes reported at this intersection, the
majority were angle crashes (42%-16 crashes). The remaining crashes included rear-end crashes (29%-8
crashes), two sideswiped, one single vehicle crashes and one unknown crash. Crashes were most common
in April (19%-5 crashes), January (15%-4 crashes) and July (15%-4 crashes). A quarter of the crashes
occurred on wet pavement (25%-7 crashes) and twelve out of the 28 collisions resulted in personal injury.
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I-495 Southbound Off-Ramp approaches East Main Street (Route 123) from the north and the
Southbound On-Ramp continues south from the intersection. The westbound approach of East Main
Street consists of an exclusive left turn lane and two through lanes. The eastbound approach consists of
two through lanes with a right-turn diverging from the second through lane. The I-495 Southbound OffRamp is a one lane approach that opens up at the intersection to provide for lefts under “Stop” control and
right turn movements separated by a delta island under “Yield” control. At the intersection of East Main
Street (Route 123) at I-495 Southbound Ramps there were 25 crashes reported between January 2011 and
December of 2013. Of the 25 crashes reported at this intersection, the majority were rear-end crashes
(44%-11 crashes). The remaining crashes included angle crashes (36%-9 crashes), two sideswiped, two
single vehicle crashes and one head-on crash. Crashes were most common in May (20%-5 crashes),
September (16%-4 crashes) and December (16%-4 crashes). A majority of the crashes occurred on dry
pavement (80%-20 crashes) and six out of the 25 collisions resulted in personal injury.
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Figure 1: Locus Map
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Audit Observations and Potential Safety
Enhancements
Observation: Intersection Geometry
It was observed that the sight distance for both the Northbound and Southbound I-495 Off-Ramps is
impeded by the growth of the trees and the brush that has
overgrown in the area. It was noted that motorists have a hard time
seeing around the growth and are not seeing the vehicles that are
approaching from their left hand side. This issue is further
exacerbated by the horizontal and vertical geometry of the
roadway with the crest in the bridge reducing sight distance as
well. These sight distance restrictions result in delays and queuing
during peak hours due to turning vehicles waiting for acceptable
gaps in traffic to attempt their turning maneuver.
It was noted that there was an excessive number of rear-end
Image 1: Trees and Brush impeding
collisions at both the I-495 Northbound and Southbound Ramps.
sight distance.
One of the reasons for these collisions was mainly due to the fact
that vehicles are not anticipating the vehicle in front of them “yielding” since the geometry allows for
vehicles to easily enter East Main Street.
It was observed that there is only one lane on East Main Street
approaching and departing the interchange. At the intersection the
roadway opens up to a 4-lane cross section. Two lanes in each
direction and then reduces back down to one lane in each direction
after the interchange. It was observed and noted by the audit team
that vehicles are traveling at high speeds through this section and
the wider section of roadway promotes higher vehicle speeds.
Additionally, left turning vehicles have to assess the traffic gaps
and cross two lanes (for left turns on to the on-ramps) or three
lanes (for left turns on to Route 123 from the off-ramps).
Image 2: Poor condition of pavement
It was observed that the pavement was deteriorating in some spots around a manhole.
along Route 123. The pavement suffers from severe cracking with multiple potholes forming. Several
potholes have formed where the pavement around the catch basins and manholes has begun to fail.
It was previously observed by the audit team that vehicles were coming off of the northbound off-ramp,
taking a right and then making a U-turn to go the other direction. This is done so the motorists do not
have to wait in the left-turn queues at the off-ramp.
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At both intersections, left turning vehicles (Route 123 turning
onto the on-ramps) compete with left turning vehicles from the
off-ramps for gaps in the Route 123 traffic. The conflicting and
competing movements have contributed to the high crash rates at
these locations.
Potential Enhancements:

Perform tree trimming and cut back the overgrown brush
that has formed on the I-495 Northbound & Southbound
off-ramps
Image 3: Poor condition of pavement
in the roadway.

Perform a “road diet” along East Main Street. Reduce the
cross-section to one lane in each direction. Allow for the right turns off the ramps to enter into
their own lane.

Evaluate the operational and safety benefits for providing traffic signal control for both
intersections.

Consider adjusting geometry of off-ramp right turn lane to be perpendicular to East Main Street.
This will reduce the angle a driver has to turn to view on-coming traffic.

Patch pavement near manholes and catch basins along the corridor.

Repair the pavement to fix the areas that are sunken in and cracked.

Prohibit U-turns at the termini of the medians at both intersections.

Police to continue enforcing/pulling over vehicles that are not adhering to the posted speed limits.
Observation: Signage and Pavement Markings
As noted in the previous section, East Main Street widens to a 4
lane cross-section at the intersection approaches. It was suggested
that the traffic volume does not require such a large cross-section.
It was also observed that the pavement markings on Route 123
were faded and/or missing.
Image 4: 4-Lane Cross-section on
East Main Street (Route 123).
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It was noted that none of the crosswalks were marked at the I-495 Northbound off-ramp and at the I-495
Southbound on-ramp. There are currently wheel chair ramps but no marked crosswalk at these locations.
These appear to be missing based on a pavement overlay job that did not replace them when completed.
It was observed that there were “yield” markings provided for the Northbound and Southbound off-ramps
but there were no markings or signs for the I-495 Northbound and
Southbound on-ramps. The lack of “yield” signs and markings
result in no control at the merge point of the on ramps leaving it
unclear as to which vehicle has the right of way. This may cause
collisions of merging traffic on the on-ramps.
It was noted that there were no lane drop signs; eastbound or
westbound to show that the cross-section was changing from two
lanes to one lane in each direction.
The “Enter Here” sign at the Southbound On-Ramp was rotated
Image 5: Missing Crosswalk
so it was not facing the correct direction. The “Enter Here” sign at markings.
the Northbound On-Ramp has been damaged. Also it was noted
that the stop sign at the northbound ramps was blocked by the overgrown brush.
Potential Enhancements:

Reapply the pavement markings on East Main Street to
provide for one lane in each direction with a wide
shoulder.

Restripe all crosswalks across the ramps on the south
side of East Main Street.

Restripe all pavement markings on East Main Street
(Route 123)

Add “Yield” Markings for traffic turning right onto the I-495 Northbound and Southbound onramps.

Add lane ends signs (W4-2) on East Main Street.

Rotate the existing Enter Here sign at the I-495 Southbound On-Ramp.

Repair or replace the damaged Enter Here sign at the I-495 Northbound On-Ramp.
Image 6: Enter Here sign not facing
correct traffic.
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
Remove the brush obstructing visibility of the Stop sign at the I-495 Northbound Off-Ramp or
relocate so it is out of the brush and more visible to motorists. Install an additional Stop sign in
the island.
Observation: Pedestrian & Bicycle Accommodations
It was observed that there are no marked bicycle lanes along
East Main Street. Wide shoulders (approximately 8’) are
provided on both sides of the roadway.
There is currently sidewalk along the south side of East Main
Street. It was observed that the current wheel chair ramps do not
meet current ADA standards. The sidewalks had a lot of
overgrown vegetation that made walking difficult in some areas.
There was also an old sign post that was located in the sidewalk
near the I-495 Northbound Off-ramp. It was also noted that the
expansion joints along the sidewalk were deteriorating causing
in a vertical lip and tripping hazard for pedestrians.
Image 7: Overgrown brush blocking
sidewalk
Potential Enhancements:

Consider providing a marked bicycle lane on East Main
Street (Route 123). There is currently a project in the
design phase that will provide 5’ shoulders for
approximately 2 miles of East Main Street between the
interchange and the Town Center.

Cut back the overgrown brush that abuts the sidewalk
on East Main Street (Route 123).

Fix the expansion joints on the sidewalk on East Main
Street (Route 123).

Update current wheel chair ramps to current ADA
standards.

Remove old sign post in sidewalk at I-495 Northbound Off-Ramp.
Image 8: Old Sign Post in sidewalk
Observation: Low Light Condition Visibility
It was observed and noted by the audit team that at night and during storm events visibility is poor and
sight distance is reduced to an unsafe length through this section of East Main Street (Route 123). 18% of
reported crashes occurred during low light (rain storm) condition.
Potential Enhancements:
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
Add highway lighting to the intersections and bridge.

Evaluate the operational and safety benefits for providing traffic signal control for both
intersections. Adding traffic signal control will alleviate the need for long sight distances during
low light conditions.
Observation: Stormwater and Erosion Issues
It was noted that there are also erosion issues with the embankment on the southbound off-ramp area
(northwest corner). The granite edging is damaged and allows stormwater to flow directly off the road
eroding the slope.
Potential Enhancements:

Repair the granite edging to facilitate proper stormwater collection.
Summary of Road Safety Audit
Following the site walk, participants returned to the meeting room to review the safety issues identified
and to recommend potential countermeasure improvements. Participants were challenged to come up with
long term (greater than three years in the future) improvements that could be incorporated into the design
project (or future projects), and also to identify short-term (less than one year) or intermediate (one to
three years into the future) improvements that could be implemented as soon as possible and before the
reconstruction effort begins.
All discussed improvements were categorized by the following time frames: short-term, intermediate, and
long-term. Long-term improvements are likely to be associated with the transportation improvement
project for East Main Street or other future development projects.
Enhancements were also assigned a cost category, as identified in Table 2.
Table 2: Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown
Time Frame
Short-Term
<1 Year
Mid-Term
1-3 Years
Long-Term
>3 Years
Costs
Low
Medium
High
<$10,000
$10,001-$50,000
>$50,000
Recommendations for improving safety are summarized in Table 3 and are categorized based on
estimated safety payoff, time frame and cost for implementation. The responsible party for further action
has been identified as well.
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Safety payoff estimates are subjective and based on the relative percent of crashes that may be reduced by
the enhancement. For major improvements crash reduction factors are often available to assess the safety
payoff; however for many minor enhancements a more subjective evaluation is needed. To provide a
general assessment of how a recommended enhancement would impact crash occurrences,
countermeasures have been assigned a Low, Medium, or High value on subjective basis using engineering
judgement as it relates to potential crash reduction.
Countermeasures detailed in the summary tables involve Engineering, Maintenance, Enforcement,
Educational, and/or Behavioral modifications that start with overall interchange considerations and
continue with location-specific items for consideration.
Selected countermeasures have been identified as potentially short-term, intermediate (potential
maintenance projects) and/or long term.
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Table 3: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Intersection Geometry
Signage & Pavement
Markings
Signage & Pavement
Markings
Potential Safety Enhancement
Perform Tree Trimming and cut
back the brush
Provide Traffic Signal Control
Provide a “road diet” to the crosssection so there are only two
through lanes
Allow for right turns from ramps to
enter into their own lane
Fix pavement in areas that it is
deteriorating
Patch Pavement around manhole
covers and catch basins
Consider bringing right turns into
the intersection under signal
control
Fix drainage/edging issue at the
southbound off-ramp. The water is
eroding the pavement
Prohibit U-turns. It appears
vehicles are taking rights and
turning around.
Enforcement of Speeds on Route
123
Add crosswalk markings across
the Ramps that were not replaced
under resurfacing project.
Refresh all markings on East Main
Street
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Agency
High
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Long-Term
High
MassDOT
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
MassDOT
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
MassDOT
High
Mid-Term
High
MassDOT
High
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
High
Long-Term
High
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Norton Police
High
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
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Signage & Pavement
Markings
Signage & Pavement
Markings
Signage & Pavement
Markings
Signage & Pavement
Markings
Bicycle Accommodations
Pedestrian
Accommodations
Pedestrian
Accommodations
Pedestrian
Accommodations
Pedestrian
Accommodations
Low Light Condition
Visibility
Stormwater & Erosion
Add “yield” markings and signs for
right turns onto off-ramps of I-495,
add “yield” signs to right turns onto
East Main Street
Add Lane Ends signs to both
directions leaving the State
Highway Layout
Rotate Enter Here sign to face
proper direction on southbound onramp, replace damaged Enter
Here sign on northbound on-ramp
Relocate stop sign at northbound
off-ramps so not blocked by brush,
consider adding additional stop
sign
Considering adding marked bike
lanes through the State Highway
Layout
Cut back the brush that has over
grown into the sidewalk
Fix the sidewalk expansion joints
Install ADA compliant wheel chair
ramps
Remove old sign posts from
sidewalks at the northbound ramps
Add highway lighting
Fix drainage/edging issue at the
southbound off-ramp. The water is
eroding the pavement
Medium
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
High
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Medium
MassDOT
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
MassDOT
Medium
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
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Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda
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Road Safety Audit
Norton
East Main Street
I-495 NB Ramps & I-495 SB Ramps
Meeting Location: Norton Town Hall (70 East Main Street)
Selectman's Meeting Room, Norton MA
March 31, 2016
9:00 AM – 12:00 PM
Type of meeting:
Attendees:
Please bring:
High Crash Location – Road Safety Audit
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
9:00 AM
Welcome and Introductions
9:15 AM
Review of Site Specific Material
• Crash & Speed Summaries
• Existing Geometries and Conditions
10:00 AM
Visit the Corridor (if necessary)
• Drive to I-495 NB & I-495 SB Ramps
• As a group, identify areas for improvement
11:00 AM
Post Visit Discussion / Completion of RSA
• Discuss observations and finalize findings
• Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
12:00 PM
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:
• Before attending the RSA on March 31, 2016 participants are encouraged to drive
through the corridor/identified intersections and complete/consider elements on
the RSA Prompt List with a focus on safety.
• All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.
• After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
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Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List
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Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data
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Crash Data Summary Table
# Crash Date
m/d/y
1 1/23/2011
Crash Day
Sunday
Time of Day
6:40 PM
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
Manner of Weather Collision
Light Condition Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code
Comments
Ages
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
D1 D2 D3 D4
Angled
Dark ‐ lighted roadway
V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling EB
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving
Clear
Dry
28 51
D1‐ No improper driving D2‐ Unknown
2 1/31/2011
Monday
12:01 PM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
22 unk
V2 was attempting to enter roadway got struck by V1 that was travelling straight ahead on the roadway
D1‐ No Improper driving D2‐ Other improper actions
3 2/13/2011
Sunday
9:49 AM
Angled
Daylight
Clear
Dry
44 69
D1 attempted to make a left turn onto the 495 NB on‐ramp and pulled in front of D2 which was traveling WB and had the right of way. D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving
4 2/25/2011
Friday
7:49 PM
Angled
Dark ‐ roadway Snow
not lighted
Wet
43 46
V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. D1‐ No Improper driving D2‐ Inattention
5 3/17/2011
Thursday
4:49 PM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
24 38
D1‐ No Improper driving D2‐ Inattention
6 4/17/2011
Sunday
8:49 AM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
D1 was traveling North East on the off ramp to Rte. 495 North. D1 was waiting to pull onto East Main St when struck from behind by D2.
35
36
V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. Page 1 of 8
Crash Data Summary Table
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
Time of Day
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
Manner of Weather Collision
Light Condition Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code
Comments
Ages
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
D1 D2 D3 D4
D1‐ Failed to yield right of way D2‐ No improper driving
7 4/27/2011
Wednesday 8:52 AM
Angled
Daylight
Clear
Dry
24
31
V2 travelling EB on East Main St. failed to yield right of way while attempting to turn left onto the Rte. 495 On Ramp ‐ got struck by V1 travelling WB
D1‐ No Improper driving D2‐ Failed to yield right of way
8 6/2/2011
Thursday
11:12 PM
Angled
Dark ‐ lighted roadway
Clear
27 34
Dry
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving
9 7/10/2011
10 11/17/2011
Sunday
Thursday
7:19 PM
4:59 PM
Rear‐end
Angled
Daylight
Dark ‐ lighted roadway
Clear
Dry
50
52
D1‐ Failed to yield right of way D2‐ No improper driving
Rainy
Wet
25
21
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving
11 12/17/2011
Saturday
12:58 PM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
30
V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore causing V2 to strike curbing, cross center median, and into oncoming traffic. 30
V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB
V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. Page 2 of 8
Crash Data Summary Table
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
Time of Day
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
Manner of Weather Collision
Light Condition Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code
Comments
Ages
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
D1 D2 D3 D4
D1 was traveling WB on East Main St, after going on the 495 Overpass, a deer came from South side of road which she struck with front driver side of V1. D1‐ No improper driving
12 12/20/2011
Tuesday
7:47 AM
Single Vehicle Crash
Daylight
Clear
Dry
29
V1 and V2 swiped each other while attempting to make a right turn onto East Main St, both left scene, but D1 reported the crash a day later as a hit and run by D2.
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ No Improper Driving
13 4/27/2012
Friday
6:09 PM
Sideswipe, same direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
50
55
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving
14 5/22/2012
Tuesday
10:50 AM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Rainy
24
Wet
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
15 6/17/2012
Sunday
12:46 PM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
49 26
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Failed to yield right of way
16 6/17/2012
Sunday
5:34 PM
Angled
Daylight
Clear
Dry
29 22
33
V1 stopped while attempting to enter EB lane due to oncoming traffic ‐ V2 didn’t realize V1 stopped and failed to come to a stop. V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. V2 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V1 travelling EB
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Crash Data Summary Table
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
Time of Day
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
Manner of Weather Collision
Light Condition Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code
Comments
Ages
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
D1 D2 D3 D4
V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB
D1‐ Failed to yield right of way D2‐ No improper driving
17 8/16/2012
Thursday
6:00 PM
Angled
Daylight
Clear
Dry
56 60
V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling EB
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
18 10/26/2012
Friday
10:41 AM
Angled
Daylight
Clear
Dry
25 25
V1 travelling EB on East Main St. failed to yield right of way while attempting to turn left onto the Rte. 495 On Ramp ‐ got struck by V2 travelling WB
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving
19 11/7/2012
Wednesday 6:31 PM
Angled
Dark ‐ roadway not lighted
Rainy
51 65
Wet
D1‐ Failed to yield right of way D2‐ No improper driving
20 12/17/2012
Monday
2:17 PM
Angled
Daylight
Rainy
Wet
35
41
V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling EB
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving
21 1/19/2013
Saturday
3:11 PM
Angled
Daylight
Clear
Dry
28
28
V1 attempted to enter East Main St., but didn’t see V2 that was travelling EB and therefore got side struck.
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving
22 1/30/2013
Wednesday 4:42 PM
Angled
Dusk
Cloudy
Wet
V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB
64
35
Page 4 of 8
Crash Data Summary Table
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
23 3/22/2013 Friday
Time of Day
6:17 PM
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
Manner of Weather Collision
Light Condition Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code
Comments
Ages
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
D1 D2 D3 D4
Angled
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
D2 was entering D1's lane of travel in an attempt to cross over to the West Bound Lane of Route 123. D2 hen struck D1 which was traveling straight in right lane of Route 123 East. 22 18
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
24 4/16/2013
Tuesday
5:21 PM
Rear‐end
Unknown
Unk
Unk
63
46
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
25 4/17/2013
26 6/7/2013
Wednesday 3:57 PM
Friday
5:15 PM
Angled
Daylight
Sideswipe, opposite direction Daylight
Clear
Dry
48
33
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Failed to yield right of way
Rainy
42
Wet
57
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ No Improper Driving D3‐ Failed to yield right of way
27 8/12/2013
Monday
8:28 PM
Unknown
Dark ‐ lighted roadway
Clear
Dry
27 Unk
V1 stopped while attempting to enter EB lane due to oncoming traffic ‐ V2 didn’t realize V1 stopped and failed to come to a stop. V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB
V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB
V3 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and caused V1 travelling EB to take evasive action, which resulted on him hitting a sign then the curb ‐ The sign became dislodged causing it to hit V2
Page 5 of 8
Crash Data Summary Table
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
Time of Day
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
Manner of Weather Collision
Light Condition Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code
Comments
Ages
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
D1 D2 D3 D4
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Failed to yield right of way
28 9/4/2013
Wednesday 1:00 PM
Angled
Daylight
Clear
3 of 28 Hit and Run
Zero of 28 charged with OUI.
Zero out of 28 involved non‐motorist (pedestrian, cyclist)
Zero drivers unlicensed, unregistered/uninsured vehicle, and/or expired Inspection Sticker
12 out of 28 collisions resulted in personal injury
25 of the 54 vehicles involved in 28 collisions were towed Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from Norton PD.
Dry
22
25
V2 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V1 travelling EB
Page 6 of 8
Crash Data Summary Chart
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011‐ December 2013
Crash Month
19%
20%
15%
15%
15%
11%
10%
7%
7%
4%
5%
4%
7%
4%
4%
4%
S
O
0%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
N
D
Crash Day of Week
25%
21%
18%
20%
15%
18%
14%
11%
11%
10%
7%
5%
0%
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Crash Time of Day
25%
22%
22%
20%
15%
15%
11%
10%
5%
11%
7%
4%
4%
4%
0%
0%
0%
12am‐
2am
2am‐
4am
4am‐
6am
0%
6am‐
8am
8am‐
10am
10am‐
12pm
12pm‐
2pm
2pm‐
4pm
4pm‐
6pm
6pm‐
8pm
8pm‐
10pm
10pm‐
12am
Crash Manner of Collision
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
57%
29%
4%
Single
Rear‐End
Vehicle Crash
Angled
4%
4%
Sideswipe,
same
direction
Sideswipe,
opposite
direction
0%
0%
Head on
Rear to Rear
4%
Unknown
Page 7 of 8
Crash Data Summary Chart
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011‐ December 2013
Crash Light Condition
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
71%
14%
Daylight
0%
4%
Dawn
Dusk
7%
Dark ‐ lighted
Dark ‐
roadway roadway not
lighted
0%
0%
4%
Dark ‐
unknown
roadway
lighting
Other
Unknown
Crash Weather Condition
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
71%
18%
4%
4%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
4%
Crash Road Surface
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
71%
25%
Dry
Wet
0%
0%
Snow
Ice
0%
0%
Sand, mud, Water
dirt, oil, (standing,
gravel
moving)
0%
0%
4%
Slush
Other
Unk
0%
0%
70‐79
80+
Crash Driver Age
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
35%
20%
15%
15%
9%
4%
2%
15‐20
21‐29
30‐39
40‐49
50‐59
60‐69
Unknown
Page 8 of 8
\\vhb\proj\Wat-TE\12529.21 Assign 21-Norton-Traffic\reports\RSA\CollisionDiagrams.dwg
TYPES OF COLLISION
SYMBOLS
REAR END
MOVING VEHICLE
FATAL ACCIDENT
HEAD ON
BACKING VEHICLE
INJURY ACCIDENT
SIDE SWIPE
OUT OF CONTROL
PARKED VEHICLE
FIXED OBJECT
NIGHT TIME CRASH
DAYLIGHT
TYPE
FATAL INJURY
ANGLE
4
REAR-END
2
PEDESTRIAN
BICYCLIST
ANIMAL
50 Feet
6
5
FATAL INJURY
3
PROP.
DAM.
TOTAL
1
7
7
14
2
5
7
3
3
SIDESWIPE
2
2
FIXED OBJECT
S
STOP SIGN
TRAFFIC SIGNAL
YIELD SIGN
1
1
1
1
1
16
28
1
2
NOTES
1. CRASH SUMMARY JANUARY 2011 - DECEMBER 2013
PARKED CAR
TOTAL
25
PROP.
DAM.
TOTALS
PROP.
FATAL INJURY DAM.
2
LEFT TURN
1
OTHER
0
TRAFFIC CONTROL
NIGHT
HEAD-ON
LEFT TURN
RIGHT ANGLE
ACCIDENT SUMMARY
SEVERITY
7
15
5
1
12
Figure 2-1
Collision Diagram
East Main St (Route 123) at I-495 (Northbound Ramp)
Norton, Massachusetts
Crash Data Summary Table
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
1 3/12/2011 Saturday
2 4/15/2011 Friday
3 5/20/2011 Friday
4 9/12/2011 Friday
5 9/12/2011 Friday
Time of Day
3:15 PM
2:31 PM
6:39 PM
8:02 AM
6:31 PM
Manner of Collision
Type
Head on
Angled
Rear‐end
Rear‐end
Angled
Light Condition
Type
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Weather Condition
Type
Clear
Clear
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Road Surface
Type
Dry
Driver Contributing Code
Type
Comments
Ages
D1 D2 D3 D4
D1‐ No improper action D2‐ Inattention
41
Dry
D1‐ No improper action D2‐ Inattention
43
Dry
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
47
Dry
Dry
59
D1 (driving East on East Main Street) observed D2 miss judge the stop sign for the off ramp resulting in a collision. 19
D2 was attempting to enter traffic from the route 495 off ramp when she pulled out in front of D2 who could not avoid the collision. 24
V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop
D1‐ Unknown D2‐ No improper action unk 52
Both vehicles were traveling SB on off ramp from Route 495 SB to Route 123 (East Main Street) and bearing right onto Route 123 WB (D2 was ahead of D1). D2 slowed and came to a stop as she was unable to see if there was any oncoming traffic when D1 did not see that D2 had stopped and struck her. D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving 55
46
V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling WB
25
D1 was stopped at end of the on‐
ramp waiting for a break in traffic when D2 was not paying attention and rear‐ended D1. V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling WB
6 9/12/2011 Friday
6:51 PM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
D1‐ No improper action D2‐ Inattention 7 12/24/2011 Saturday
7:04 PM
Angled
Dark ‐ lighted roadway
Clear
Dry
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving 43
Page 1 of 6
Crash Data Summary Table
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
Time of Day
Manner of Collision
Type
Light Condition
Type
Weather Condition
Type
Road Surface
Type
Driver Contributing Code
Type
Comments
Ages
D1 D2 D3 D4
8 12/30/2011 Friday
8:00 PM
Single vehicle Dark ‐ lighted crash
roadway
Clear
Dry
D1‐ Swerving or avoiding due to wind, vehicle D2‐Inattention
NA
9 4/17/2012 Tuesday
5:31 PM
Angled
Clear
Dry
D1‐ No Improper Driving 74
D2‐ Inattention
10 5/1/2012 Tuesday
11 5/22/2012 Tuesday
12 5/24/2012 Thursday
13 6/6/2012 Wednesday
3:07 PM
4:05 PM
11:26 PM
8:17 AM
Daylight
Single vehicle crash
Daylight
Rainy
Rear‐end
Daylight
Angled
Dark ‐ unknown roadway lighting Clear
Rear‐end
Daylight
Cloudy
Clear
NA
26
V2 (unknown) failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore caused V1 travelling WB to swerve off the road to the right to avoid colliding with vehicle
V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling WB
Wet
D1‐ Unknown unk
D1 (Traveling on ramp from Route 123 to Route 495 South)was a tractor trailer that was carrying a scrap dump truck, weighing approximately 65,000 lb., on a low boy trailer that was secured with insufficient points of contact between the trailer and scrap dump truck. The cargo separated from the trailer and slid across the asphalt, into the guardrail on the ramp leading to Route 495 South. Wet
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
43
46
V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop
Dry
D1‐ Other improper action D2‐ No improper driving 37
50
V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling WB
Dry
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving 51
38
V2 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V1 that failed to come to a stop
Page 2 of 6
Crash Data Summary Table
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
14 11/3/2012 Saturday
Time of Day
4:09 PM
Manner of Collision
Type
Sideswipe, same direction
Light Condition
Type
Daylight
Weather Condition
Type
Clear
Road Surface
Type
Driver Contributing Code
Type
Comments
Ages
D1 D2 D3 D4
Dry
D1‐ Failure to keep in proper lane D2‐ No improper driving 85
59
V1 sideswiped V2 while attempting to change lanes ‐ both heading EB on East Main St
59
V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop
15 11/14/2012 Wednesday
11:00 AM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
38
16 12/11/2012 Tuesday
6:03 PM
Angled
Unknown
Unk
Unk
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
52
55
V2 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V1 travelling WB
17 1/18/2013 Friday
5:41 PM
Angled
Dark ‐ lighted roadway
Clear
Dry
D1‐ Inattention D2‐ No improper driving 73
56
V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling WB
NA
V1 states that while exiting off ramp and entering EB lane he was bumped by an V2 who also was doing the same turning movement ‐ V2 didn’t stop 42
D1 was attempting to merge into traffic and was struck from behind by D2. 68
V2 failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V1 travelling EB
18 1/30/2013 Wednesday
19 2/26/2013 Tuesday
20 3/24/2013 Sunday
6:45 PM
3:41 PM
10:39 AM
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear‐end
Angled
Dark ‐ roadway not lighted
Daylight
Daylight
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Wet
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Operating vehicle in careless manner
52
Dry
D1‐ No improper driving D2‐ Followed too closely 64
Dry
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
41
Page 3 of 6
Crash Data Summary Table
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011 ‐ December 2013
# Crash Date
m/d/y
Crash Day
21 5/20/2013 Monday
Time of Day
4:09 PM
Manner of Collision
Type
Rear‐end
Light Condition
Type
Daylight
Weather Condition
Type
Clear
Road Surface
Type
Driver Contributing Code
Type
Comments
Ages
D1 D2 D3 D4
Dry
D1‐ No improper action D2‐ No improper action 45
22 8/22/2013 Thursday
8:52 AM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
39
23 9/21/2013 Saturday
10:08 PM
Angled
Dark ‐ lighted roadway
Clear
Dry
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
23
24 10/31/2013 Thursday
5:07 PM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Cloudy
25 12/17/2013 Tuesday
7:24 AM
Rear‐end
Daylight
Clear
2 of 25 Hit and Run
Zero of 25 charged with OUI.
Zero out of 25 involved non‐motorist (pedestrian, cyclist)
Zero drivers unlicensed, unregistered/uninsured vehicle, and/or expired Inspection Sticker
6 out of 25 collisions resulted in personal injury
19 of the 44 vehicles involved in 25 collisions were towed Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from Norton PD.
Wet
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
59
Dry
D1‐ No Improper Driving D2‐ Inattention
28
46
Both vehicles were traveling from Route 495 South to Route 123 when D2 came to a stop at the yield sign. D2 began to enter traffic when she braked suddenly because she saw a vehicle approaching at the last moment. D2 was also merging but struck D2 due to her breaking suddenly. 48
V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. 31
V2 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V1 travelling WB
37
V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that didn't realize V1 had stopped ‐ failed to come to a stop. 39
V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop
Page 4 of 6
Crash Data Summary Chart
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011‐ December 2013
Crash Month
25%
20%
20%
16%
16%
15%
10%
8%
8%
8%
8%
4%
5%
4%
4%
4%
0%
0%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Crash Day of Week
28%
30%
24%
25%
20%
16%
15%
12%
12%
10%
4%
4%
5%
0%
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Crash Time of Day
30%
24%
25%
20%
16%
12%
15%
8%
10%
5%
24%
8%
4%
4%
0%
0%
0%
0%
12am‐
2am
2am‐
4am
4am‐
6am
0%
6am‐
8am
8am‐
10am
10am‐
12pm
12pm‐
2pm
2pm‐
4pm
4pm‐
6pm
6pm‐
8pm
8pm‐
10pm
10pm‐
12am
Crash Manner of Collision
50%
44%
36%
40%
30%
20%
10%
8%
8%
0%
4%
0%
0%
Rear to Rear
Unknown
0%
Single
Rear‐End
Vehicle Crash
Angled
Sideswipe,
same
direction
Sideswipe,
opposite
direction
Head on
Page 5 of 6
Crash Data Summary Chart
East Main St (Route 123) at I‐495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA
January 2011‐ December 2013
Crash Light Condition
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
72%
16%
Daylight
4%
0%
0%
Dawn
Dusk
Dark ‐ lighted
Dark ‐
roadway roadway not
lighted
4%
0%
4%
Dark ‐
unknown
roadway
lighting
Other
Unknown
Crash Weather Condition
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
76%
16%
4%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
4%
Crash Road Surface
100%
80%
80%
60%
40%
16%
20%
0%
0%
Snow
Ice
0%
0%
0%
0%
4%
Slush
Other
Unk
0%
Dry
Wet
Sand, mud, Water
dirt, oil, (standing,
gravel
moving)
Crash Driver Age
30%
27%
27%
25%
20%
16%
15%
11%
10%
5%
2%
5%
5%
60‐69
70‐79
2%
5%
0%
15‐20
21‐29
30‐39
40‐49
50‐59
80+
Unknown
Page 6 of 6
\\vhb\proj\Wat-TE\12529.21 Assign 21-Norton-Traffic\reports\RSA\CollisionDiagrams.dwg
TYPES OF COLLISION
SYMBOLS
REAR END
MOVING VEHICLE
FATAL ACCIDENT
HEAD ON
BACKING VEHICLE
INJURY ACCIDENT
SIDE SWIPE
OUT OF CONTROL
PARKED VEHICLE
FIXED OBJECT
DAYLIGHT
TYPE
ANGLE
NIGHT TIME CRASH
REAR-END
FATAL INJURY
PEDESTRIAN
BICYCLIST
PROP.
DAM.
2
3
4
7
FATAL INJURY
1
1
SIDESWIPE
TOTAL
50 Feet
3
3
6
9
4
7
11
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
17
25
TOTAL
S
STOP SIGN
TRAFFIC SIGNAL
YIELD SIGN
1
1
NOTES
1. CRASH SUMMARY JANUARY 2011 - DECEMBER 2013
PARKED CAR
1
OTHER
25
PROP.
DAM.
TOTALS
PROP.
FATAL INJURY DAM.
1
LEFT TURN
FIXED OBJECT
ANIMAL
0
TRAFFIC CONTROL
NIGHT
HEAD-ON
LEFT TURN
RIGHT ANGLE
ACCIDENT SUMMARY
SEVERITY
6
12
2
5
8
Figure 2-2
Collision Diagram
East Main St (Route 123) at I-495 (Southbound Ramp)
Norton, Massachusetts
Road Safety Audit—Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps
VHB
FINAL
Appendix D. Additional Information
Page 17
Road Safety Audit—Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps
VHB
FINAL
Appendix E. Road Safety Audit References
Page 18
Road Safety Audit—Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps
VHB
FINAL
Road Safety Audit References
Massachusetts Traffic Safety Toolbox, Massachusetts Highway Department,
www.mhd.state.ma.us/safetytoolbox.
Road Safety Audits, A Synthesis of Highway Practice. NCHRP Synthesis 336. Transportation Research
Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2004.
Road Safety Audits. Institute of Transportation Engineers and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration, www.roadwaysafetyaudits.org.
FHWA Road Safety Audit Guidelines. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration, 2006.
Road Safety Audit, 2nd edition. Austroads, 2000.
Road Safety Audits. ITE Technical Council Committee 4S-7. Institute of Transportation Engineers,
February 1995.
Page 19