ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive
Town of Franklin
February 03, 2016
Prepared for:
Massachusetts Department of Transportation
Prepared by:
Howard Stein Hudson
11 Beacon Street, Suite 1010
Boston, MA 02108
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Table of Contents Background ................................................................................................................................. 2 Project Data................................................................................................................................. 4 Project Location Description ..................................................................................................... 5 Road Safety Audit Observations ...............................................................................................7 Safety Issue #1. Congestion and Driver Frustration ............................................................................ 8
Safety Issue #2. Intersection Geometry ............................................................................................. 10 Safety Issue #3. Traffic Signal Phasing ............................................................................................. 12 Safety Issue #4. Limited Pedestrian Accommodations ..................................................................... 13 Safety Issue #5. Bicycle Accommodations ....................................................................................... 15 Safety Issue #6. Signage and Pavement Markings ............................................................................ 16 Safety Issue #7. Signal Equipment .................................................................................................... 18 Potential Safety Enhancements ...............................................................................................19 List of Appendices
Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C. RSA Meeting Agenda RSA Audit Team Contact List Detailed Crash Data List of Figures
Figure 1. Figure 2. Locus Map.............................................................................................................................. 3
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive ................................................... 6 List of Tables
Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Participating Audit Team Members ....................................................................................... 4 Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements ....................................................................... 22 Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements (continued) .................................................... 23 Page 1
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Background
The Road Safety Audit (RSA) focused on the intersection of West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin
Village Drive and Old West Central Street. From 2011 to 2014, 29 crashes were reported at the
intersection. The intersection was identified by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation
(MassDOT) as a Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) High Crash Cluster from 2011-2013,
indicating that the location falls within the top 5% of High Crash Locations within the Central
Massachusetts Regional Planning Commission (CMRPC) area. The West Central Street (Route 140)
corridor from Franklin Village Drive to Forge Parkway is also being evaluated by MassDOT District 3
for any low cost and signal improvements that can be implemented.
In general, the RSA is intended to identify potential safety improvements that can be evaluated and
included as part of future design efforts for reconstruction. The short-term, low-cost potential
improvements could be considered by the responsible agency for implementation prior to reconstruction,
as appropriate.
The study area is shown in Figure 1.
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ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin, MA
Figure 1.
Locus Map
R EE T
POND ST
TRI-COUNTY REGIONAL
VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOL
FRANKLIN
HIGH SCHOOL
495
EXIT 17
ST
D WE
OLNTRAL ST.
CE
R
WEST CENTRAL ST
0)
TE 14
ROU
EET (
FRANKLIN
VILLAGE
EXIT 17
HORACE MANN
MIDDLE SCHOOL
STUDY AREA
WE
ST
CEN
TRA
L ST
REE
T (R
OU
TE
140
)
495
Not to
scale.
HOWARD STEIN HUDSON
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Project Data
The audit team conducted the RSA for the intersection of West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin
Village Drive and Old West Central Street on Thursday, January 7, 2016. The RSA agenda can be found
in Appendix A. Table 1 lists the audit team members and their affiliations. Appendix B provides
contact information for all team members.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Mike Maglio
Bryan Taberner
Deacon Perrotta
Jeff Nutting
Gary McCarraher
Steve Semerjian
Miriam Goodman
Sally Winslow
Seth Asante
John Mastera
Michelle Deng
Mohammad AbuArja
Lori Shattuck
Lola Campbell
Joe SanClemente
Alex Siu
Jessica Lizza
Agency/Affiliation
Franklin Town Engineer
Franklin Planning Department
Franklin Department of Public Works
Franklin Town Administrator
Franklin Fire Department
Franklin Police Department
Franklin Schools
Franklin Schools
Central Transportation Planning Staff (CTPS)
MassDOT Highway Safety
MassDOT Highway Safety
MassDOT Highway Safety
MassDOT D3 Traffic
MassDOT D3 Traffic
Howard Stein Hudson
Howard Stein Hudson
Howard Stein Hudson
Prior to the RSA, in order to begin assessing possible safety issues, the team reviewed collision diagrams
and crash detail summaries based on crash records supplied by the state and the Town Police Department.
From 2011-2014, 29 crashes were reported at the intersection with 4 (or 14%) resulting in personal injury.
Of these crashes, 17 (or 59%) were rear-end crashes, 5 (17%) sideswipe crashes, 4 (14%) were angle
crashes, 2 (7%) were single vehicle crashes, and one (3%) was a head-on crash. One of the reported 29
crashes involved a cyclist. Of the 29 crashes, 15 (52%) occurred during daylight hours, 11 (38%)
occurred during dark-lighted conditions, and 3 (10%) occurred during other/unknown conditions. Of the
29 crashes, 17 (59%) occurred during clear weather and 20 (69%) occurred on dry pavement.
Appendix C provides the detailed crash data for the study area.
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Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Project Location Description
The RSA focused on the intersection of West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive in
Franklin, as shown in the aerial image in Figure 2.
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive and Old West Central Street is a signalized
intersection with four approaches and is owned and maintained by MassDOT. The West Central Street
(Route 140) eastbound and westbound approaches each have one left-turn lane, two through lanes, and
one right-turn lane. The directions of travel along West Central Street (Route 140) are divided by a raised
concrete median. The Franklin Village Drive northbound approach has one left-turn lane, one through
lane, and one channelized right-turn lane. The approach lanes and receiving lanes on Franklin Village
Drive are separated by a raised concrete median. The Old West Central Street southbound approach has
one left-turn lane, one through lane, and one right-turn lane. Crosswalks with wheelchair ramps are
provided across the channelized right-turn lane of Franklin Village Drive, the east leg of West Central
Street (Route 140), and Old West Central Street. Only one of the wheelchair ramps, at the southeast
corner of the intersection, is equipped with a detectable warning panel.
This intersection is the junction of the following roadways, which are categorized according to MassDOT
Office of Transportation Planning functional classifications:
West Central Street (Route 140) is classified as an urban principal arterial and falls under the jurisdiction
of MassDOT. West Central Street (Route 140) runs east-west through Franklin from East Central Street
(Route 140) to Mechanic Street (Route 140) in Bellingham and generally consists of two lanes in each
direction within the vicinity of the intersection. Shoulders are provided along both sides of the roadway,
but are generally insufficient in width to serve as an on-street accommodation. Sidewalks are provided on
both sides of the roadway to the east of the intersection and on the north side of the roadway only to the
west of the intersection. East of the I-495 interchange, West Central Street (Route 140) has frequent
driveways to retail and restaurant locations. The speed limit within the vicinity of the intersection is
posted at 40 miles per hours (mph) and is consistent with the speed regulations.
Franklin Village Drive is a driveway that provides access to the Franklin Village Shopping Center. A
sidewalk is provided along the east side of Franklin Village Drive that provides connection between
Route 140 and the eastern side of the shopping plaza. Within the Franklin Village Shopping Center are
several shops and restaurants, a bank, and a grocery store.
Old West Central Street is an urban minor arterial under the jurisdiction of the Town of Franklin. Old
West Central Street runs north-south from West Central Street (Route 140) then curves west where it
becomes Pond Street. Old West Central Street generally consists of one lane in each direction but the
southbound approach widens to three lanes at the intersection with West Central Street (Route 140).
Shoulders are provided along both sides of the roadway and a sidewalk is provided along the east/north
side. Tri-County Drive, which provides access to the Tri-County Regional Vocational Technical High
School, intersects Old West Central Street approximately 175 feet north of West Central Street (Route
140). The posted speed limit along Old West Central Street is 25 mph.
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ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin, MA
Figure 2.
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive
D
OL
L
NTRA
EST CE
W
S
WE
RAL STREET
ENT
C
T
140)
OUTE
R
(
T
E
STRE
FRANKLIN VILLAGE DRIVE
STREET
TRI-COU
POND
NTY DRIV
E
STUDY AREA INTERSECTION
WE
ST
CE
NT
R
AL
STR
EET
(RO
UT
E1
40
)
FRANKLIN
VILLAGE
495
HOWARD STEIN HUDSON
Not to
scale.
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Road Safety Audit Observations
Based on field observations on Thursday, January 7, 2016, the RSA team determined that the study area
intersection has the following issues that affect safety:







Congestion and driver frustration;
Intersection geometry;
Traffic signal phasing;
Limited pedestrian accommodations;
Bicycle accommodations;
Signage and pavement markings; and
Signal equipment.
The following sections describe in more detail the safety issues and potential enhancements determined
during the RSA. Several of these issues require further study and engineering judgment to determine the
feasibility of implementing the improvements to address them.
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Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Safety Issue #1. Congestion and Driver Frustration
Observations:
The interchange for I-495 at exit 17 is located just 1,000 feet west of the intersection. The high
traffic volumes coming from I-495 during the evening peak hours create heavy congestion at the
intersection and along the West Central Street (Route 140) corridor. Review of the crash data
indicates that a majority of the crashes reported at the intersection occurred during the evening
peak hours when motorists are commuting home from work and the shopping center is more
active.
The West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound left-turn volume is high during the weekday
evening peak hours (approximately 360 vehicles/hour) because many people coming from I-495
turn left onto Old West Central Street that are destined for Pond Street, a major north-south
connection to residential areas. An audit team member noted that during the p.m. peak hours, the
West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound left-turn lane experiences significant queuing and
exceeds the storage capacity provided, spilling back into the through travel lanes. In addition,
West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound left turning vehicles have to merge across two lanes to
get into to the left-turn lane which spills back to I-495 during peak hours. The spillback from the
eastbound left-turn lane creates conflicts with through and right-turn movements along West
Central Street (Route 140).
The existing eastbound left-turn lane storage is approximately 175 feet long, which
accommodates only approximately 8 to 9 vehicles. Two of the 29 crashes were sideswipe
collisions along the West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound approach. These collisions are
most likely the result of vehicles trying to maneuver around the left-turn queue that had spilled
back into the through lanes. Team members commented that the green time for the left-turn
seemed too short to accommodate the demand.
An audit team member also mentioned that the Town is considering the potential of developing a
large parcel of land along Pond Street. Any future improvements to the West Central Street
(Route 140) eastbound left-turn lane will need to take into consideration the additional demand
and queue storage needs beyond what is already needed at this approach.
Meanwhile, team members commented that the West Central Street (Route 140) westbound leftturn lane queue also tends to spillback into the through lanes due to traffic heading to the Franklin
Village Shopping Center, particularly during the weekday evening and Saturday mid-day peak
periods. The West Central Street (Route 140) westbound left-turn lane volume is approximately
200 to 240 vehicles during the p.m. and Saturday peak hours. Eight of the 29 collisions reported
were rear-end crashes that occurred along the West Central Street (Route 140) westbound
approach. Two of the reported collisions involved vehicles that disobeyed a red light traveling
from the West Central Street (Route 140) westbound approach. The westbound left-turn lane is
approximately 200 feet in length and provides storage for only approximately 8 to 10 vehicles.
Team members commented that the limited storage length combined with the short green time
Page 8
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
results in longer vehicles queues and increased driver frustration, which may contribute to the
occurrence of rear-end crashes and those involving red light violations.
Team members commented that solar glare did not seem to be a significant issue at the
intersection and backplates are currently provided on all signal indications that help to improve
their visibility.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Evaluate the signal timings and coordination along Route 140, with specific attention to the
left-turn phases on Route 140, to help reduce intersection delay and queuing conditions.
2. Consider geometric changes along West Central Street (Route 140) to extend the left-turn
lane storage along both approaches and explore the potential of providing dual left-turn lanes
along the West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound approach.
3. Evaluate all clearance intervals.
Page 9
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Safety Issue #2. Intersection Geometry
Observations:
During the audit, team members observed vehicles turning right from West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound onto Franklin Village Drive at high speeds and often crossing over the scored concrete island. The higher turn speeds are likely a result of the large corner radius combined with the width of the entrance lane. One of the 29 crashes involved a vehicle that turned right from West Central Street (Route 140) onto Franklin Village Drive and skidded into a steel sign post on the median; however, it was reported that pavement conditions were Scored concrete island at the entrance
wet and the vehicle may have had mechanical to Franklin Village Plaza.
problems. The West Central Street (Route 140) right-turn
lane merges with the other receiving lane just past the scored concrete island. Since no yield line
or sign is present at the channelized right-turn and the right-turn movement is able to proceed
when the southbound through lane or the westbound left-turn lane is going, it may be unclear to
drivers which movement has the right of way. Combined with the high right-turning speeds from
West Central Street (Route 140) onto Franklin Village Drive, the lack of guidance could create
potential conflicts.
Two of the 29 crashes that occurred at the
intersection were sideswipe collisions that involved
vehicles weaving along the Franklin Village Drive
approach. The geometry of the approach creates a
weaving condition between the two shopping center
exits that intersect from the east and west. During
the audit, a team member observed that the large
width of the Franklin Village Drive right-turn lane
allows vehicles to create two lanes which could also
contribute to the sideswipe collisions.
Two rear-end crashes and one sideswipe crash
occurred while vehicles attempted to turn right out
of Franklin Village Drive onto West Central Street
(Route 140). The acute angle of the Franklin Village Drive channelized right-turn lane makes it
difficult for motorists to see oncoming traffic along Route 140 eastbound. No traffic signal
indications are provided for the Franklin Village Drive channelized right-turn lane and the
The intersection of the two exits from the
Franklin Village Shopping Center.
Page 10
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
movement operates under assumed yield conditions however there is no yield line or regulatory
sign. During the audit, vehicles were observed to stop once before the span pole to look for
oncoming traffic and then pulled past the span pole and stopped again to look for eastbound
traffic.
During the audit, team members observed that the Franklin Village Drive northbound and Old
West Central Street southbound approaches have an offset geometry which could lead to potential
conflicts for left-turning vehicles.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Consider widening the scored concrete median at the West Central Street (Route 140) rightturn to create a smaller turning radius and help lower turning speeds.
2. Consider installing a yield line and corresponding yield sign at the West Central Street (Route
140) channelized right-turn lane to establish right of way.
3. Consider signalizing the Franklin Village Drive northbound right-turn lane so that it has a red
light while the West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound phase is green to eliminate the
sight distance issues and provide a signalized pedestrian crossing.
4. Consider working with the Franklin Village Plaza owner to close the eastern internal
connection to the parking area (in front on Chipotle) to reduce the weaving condition at the
northbound exit lanes.
5. Consider geometric improvements to the channelized islands on the Franklin Village Drive
northbound approach to help correct the northbound and southbound offset and improve
visibility.
6. Consider installing left-turn tracking lines for the northbound and southbound approaches to
provide guidance and directions for vehicles and help reduce potential conflicts.
Page 11
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Safety Issue #3. Traffic Signal Phasing
Observations:
The Franklin Village Drive northbound and Old West Central Street southbound approaches
operate on the same signal phase, which allow for permissive left-turns. Two of the 29 crashes
involved vehicles a northbound left-turning vehicle with an oncoming vehicle traveling
southbound through the intersection towards the plaza. .
The Franklin Village Plaza northbound left-turn is offset slightly east of the Old West Central
Street southbound left-turn lane. Team members commented the offset geometry makes it
difficult for northbound left-turners to see on-coming through vehicles which are obscured by
southbound left-turning vehicles.
During field observations it was also noted that motorist occasionally make left-turns from the
Franklin Village Plaza northbound through lane.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Evaluate the operational and safety benefits of implementing protected-permissive phasing
with flashing yellow arrow signal indications or split phasing for the Franklin Village Drive
northbound approach and the Old West Central Street southbound approach to reduce driver
conflicts.
Page 12
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Safety Issue #4. Limited Pedestrian Accommodations
Observations:
Sidewalks are provided along both sides of West Central Street (Route 140) to the east of the
intersection and on the north side of West Central Street (Route 140) to the west of the
intersection. Sidewalks are provided along the eastern sides of Franklin Village Drive and Old
West Central Street.
Crosswalks with Audible Pedestrian Signal (APS) push-button actuation are provided across the
eastern and northern legs of the intersection and allow for concurrent crossings. Team members
noted that it is challenging to cross the intersection due to the wide cross section and conflicts
created by the left- and right- turning vehicles. During field observations team members
observed that the pedestrian clearance interval seemed short and that pedestrian count down
signal indications are not provided making it difficult for pedestrians to know how much time
they have to safely cross the intersection.
While pedestrian volumes are typically fairly low at this intersection throughout the day, team
members noted that students from the nearby Tri-County Regional Vocational Technical High
School, and the and Franklin High School, often access the restaurant and retail uses at Franklin
Village Shopping Center after school hours which can increase pedestrian activity. During the
low volume periods, motorists may not be accustomed to having to yield to pedestrians during a
concurrent phase when turning at the intersection. Similarly, pedestrians may not realize that
they need to watch for turning vehicles during the pedestrian phase.
A crosswalk is also provided across the Franklin Village Drive northbound channelized rightturn; however, it is not incorporated into the traffic signal. While pedestrians cross under an
assumed yield condition, no pedestrian warning signage is provided to alert motorists to watch for
crossing pedestrians. Additionally, landscaping located along the inside of the curve, east of the
driveway, limit sight lines between the crosswalk and approaching vehicles.
Wheelchair ramps are provided at each of the crosswalks, but the wheelchair ramp at the east side
of the crosswalk across Franklin Village Drive is the only ramp equipped with a detectable
warning panel and it is in poor condition.
Page 13
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Potential Enhancements
1. Install/replace detectable warning panels at all wheelchair ramps.
2. Consider installing new pedestrian signal indications equipped with countdowns so
pedestrians know how much time they have to cross.
3. Re-evaluate pedestrian clearance intervals to ensure that they are timed appropriately.
4. Consider providing leading pedestrian intervals (LPI) or an exclusive pedestrian phase to help
protect pedestrians from potential conflicts with turning vehicles.
5. Evaluate the feasibility of widening the median along the eastern leg of West Central Street
(Route 140) to provide a pedestrian refuge.
6. Consider using the ladder crosswalk pavement parking to increase crosswalk visibility.
Page 14
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Safety Issue #5. Bicycle Accommodations
Observations:
There are currently no dedicated bicycle accommodations provided at the intersection. Shoulders
are limited in width and cyclists ride in mixed traffic or, as observed in the field, ride on the
sidewalk. Shared lane markings or signage are not provided. One of the 29 crashes involved a
southbound cyclist on Old West Central Street that got hit by a southbound right turning vehicle.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Consider widening the roadway shoulders to provide adequate space to safely accommodate
cyclists as part of long-term improvements to the intersection.
Page 15
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Safety Issue #6. Signage and Pavement Markings
Observations:
Two of the reported crashes involved vehicles that made a U-turn at the West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound approach. A U-turn prohibition sign is provided on the median of the approach but once a vehicle has reached the stop line the sign is no longer visible and supplemental signage is not provided on the opposite median. During the audit,
two eastbound vehicles were observed executing U-turns, one of which was trying to reach the Starbucks on the north side of West Central Street U-turn prohibition sign posted on the
(Route 140). A team member noted that the West Central Street (Route 140)
eastbound approach.
Starbucks is relatively new and many patrons do not know that you can access Starbucks from Old West Central Street and West Central Street (Route 140). One sideswipe crash was reported along the West
Central Street (Route 140) eastbound approach that
involved a vehicle attempting to maneuver from the
right-turn lane into the through lane. The numerous
lane use (R3-7) signs along this approach are difficult
to see due to sign clutter along the roadway and could
contribute to driver confusion. Two of the left lane
must turn left and right turn lane must turn right (R3-7)
signs are located at the stop line so by the time
motorists see the signs it is too late to change lanes.
R3-7 signs blocked by guide signs along
the eastbound approach of West Central
Street (Route 140).
The Old West Central Street southbound pavement
markings are worn and difficult to see when
approaching the intersection which adds to driver
confusion when the roadway changes from one to three lanes approaching the intersection. Pavement markings along West Central Street (Route 140) are also worn. The sign post with the left-lane must turn left sign (R3-7L) and keep right (R4-7) signs located on the West Central Street (Route 140) westbound median appears to have been hit and is bent over preventing drivers from seeing the signs. Broken sign post on the West Central
Street (Route 140) westbound
approach.
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Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
The eastern Franklin Village Shopping Center exit has a stop-sign that is posted back to back with
a “Do Not Enter” (R5-1) sign. The Do Not Enter sign obscures the octagonal shape of the Stop
sign and is does not meet current standards per MUTCD section 2A.16.
Guide signs saying “Pond Street Next Signal” are provided along both West Central Street (Route
140) approaches which could be confusing to drivers because there are no street signs at the
intersection and Old West Central Street does not turn into Pond Street until approximately 0.2
miles northwest of the intersection. An audit member stated that the sign could have been added
when Pond Street was reconstructed to no longer intersect with West Central Street (Route 140)
and may help drivers looking to reach the Tri-County Regional Vocational High School which
has a Pond Street address.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Consider moving the existing U-turn prohibition (R3-4) sign on the West Central Street
(Route 140) approach closer to the stop line and/or provide a supplemental sign on the far
side of the intersection.
2. Consider installing a guide signage for Starbucks at the entrance to Old West Central Street
directing patrons to the entrance on Old West Central Street to help prevent additional Uturns.
3. The stop sign for the eastern Franklin Village Shopping Center exit is post-mounted with a
Do Not Enter sign on the back side. Consider moving or consolidating signs so that the stop
sign is not posted with any other signs and the octagon shape is clearly visible.
4. Consider refreshing the pavement markings along the West Central Street (Route 140)
approaches and the Old West Central Street southbound approach.
5. Consider consolidating the regulatory lane-use signs (R3-7) along the West Central Street
(Route 140) approaches and replace with advanced intersection lane control (R3-8) signs.
6. Replace bent sign post on the West Central Street (Route 140) westbound approach.
7. Consider replacing the “Pond Street Next Signal” guide signs with a sign for the Tri-County
Regional Vocational Technical High School.
Page 17
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Safety Issue #7. Signal Equipment
Observations:
The red traffic signal indications along West Central Street (Route 140) westbound and Old West Central Street southbound were observed to have sections of LEDs that were not working, making the signals less visible to drivers. The traffic signals at the intersection are
mounted on a span wire with one large span pole on each side of the intersection. During the field visit, the team noted that the concrete foundation of the span pole on the south side of the intersection is in poor condition. Red signal indication with burned out
LEDs at the Old West Central Street
southbound approach.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Replace the burned out LEDs in the red traffic signal indications.
2. Check the condition of the southern span pole foundation and perform any repairs necessary.
Page 18
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Potential Safety Enhancements
Based on its observations and discussions, the RSA team identified the issues and possible enhancements
that could improve safety at the intersection of West Central Street (Route 140)/Franklin Village Drive.
Short-term enhancements include, but are not limited to:

Evaluate the signal timings and coordination along Route 140, with specific attention to the leftturn phases on Route 140.

Evaluate all clearance intervals.

Consider widening the scored concrete median at the West Central Street (Route 140) right turn.

Consider installing a yield line and corresponding yield sign at the West Central Street (Route
140) channelized right-turn lane to establish right of way.

Consider installing left-turn tracking lines for the northbound and southbound approaches.

Consider signalizing the Franklin Village Drive northbound right-turn lane so that it has a red
light while the West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound phase is going.

Consider working with the Franklin Village Plaza owner to close the eastern internal connection
to the parking area (in front on Chipotle).

Consider safety benefits of implementing protected-permissive or split phasing for the Franklin
Village Drive northbound approach and Old West Central Street southbound approach.

Install/replace detectable warning panels at all wheelchair ramps.

Consider installing new pedestrian signal indications equipped with countdowns and APS pushbuttons.

Consider using the ladder crosswalk pavement parking to increase crosswalk visibility.

Re-evaluate pedestrian clearance intervals to ensure that they are timed appropriately.

Consider providing leading pedestrian intervals (LPI) or an exclusive pedestrian phase

Replace burned out LEDs in the red traffic signal indications.

Check the condition of the southern span pole foundation and perform any repairs necessary.
Page 19
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson

The stop sign for the eastern Franklin Village Shopping Center exit is post-mounted with a R5-1
sign on the back side. Consider moving or consolidating signs so that the stop sign is not posted
with any other signs and the octagon shape is clearly visible.

Refresh worn pavement markings.

Signage consolidation and enhancements.
To enhance the safety of the corridor, the long-term enhancements are to:

Consider geometric changes along West Central Street (Route 140) to extend the left-turn lane
storage along both approaches and explore the potential of providing dual left-turn lanes along the
West Central Street (Route 140) eastbound approach.

Consider geometric improvements to the channelized islands on the Franklin Village Drive
northbound approach to help correct the northbound and southbound offset and improve
visibility.

Evaluate the feasibility of widening the median along the eastern leg of West Central Street
(Route 140).

Consider widening the roadway shoulders to provide adequate space to safely accommodate
cyclists.
Page 20
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Table 2 summarizes these safety issues, possible enhancements, estimated safety payoff, time frame, cost,
and responsibility. Safety payoff estimates are based on engineering judgment and are categorized as
low, medium, and high. The time frame is categorized as short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1 to 3 years), or
long-term (typically >3 years). Long-term improvements are typically considered to be substantial
improvements with an expected time frame for implementation of greater than 3 years. The costs are
categorized as low (<$10,000), medium ($10,000 to $50,000), or high (>$50,000).
The RSA is intended to identify potential safety improvements that can be evaluated and included as part
of the design process for the future reconstruction efforts. The short-term low-cost improvements should
be considered by the responsible agency for immediate implementation, as appropriate.
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Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
Evaluate the signal timings and coordination along Route 140, with
specific attention to the left-turn phases on Route 140.
Congestion and
Drive Frustration
Consider geometric changes along West Central Street (Route 140) to
extend the left-turn lane storage along both approaches and explore the
potential of providing dual left-turn lanes along the West Central Street
(Route 140) eastbound approach.
Evaluate all clearance intervals.
Consider widening the scored concrete median at the West Central Street
(Route 140) right-turn.
Consider installing a yield line and corresponding yield sign at the West
Central Street (Route 140) eastbound channelized right-turn lane.
Consider signalizing the Franklin Village Drive northbound right-turn lane.
Intersection
Geometry
Traffic Signal
Phasing
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible
Party
Medium
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
High
Mid/LongTerm
High
MassDOT
High
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Mid-Term
Medium
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium/
High
MassDOT
Consider working with the Franklin Village Plaza owner to close the
eastern internal connection to the parking area (in front on Chipotle).
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT/
Town of Franklin/
Franklin Village
Plaza Owner
Consider installing left-turn tracking lines for the northbound and
southbound approaches.
Low
Mid-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Long-Term
High
MassDOT
High
Mid-Term
Medium
MassDOT
Low
Mid-Term
Medium
MassDOT
Low
Mid-Term
Medium/
High
MassDOT
Medium
Mid-Term
Low
MassDOT
Consider geometric improvements to the channelized islands on the
Franklin Village Drive northbound.
Evaluate the operational and safety benefits of implementing protectedpermissive with flashing yellow arrow or split phasing for the Franklin
Village Drive northbound and Old West Central southbound approaches.
Install/replace detectable warning panels at all wheelchair ramps.
Consider installing new pedestrian signal indications equipped with
Pedestrian
Accommodations countdowns.
Consider providing leading pedestrian intervals (LPI) or an exclusive
pedestrian phase.
Page 22
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Table 3. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements (continued)
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Medium
Long-Term
High
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Bicycle
Consider widening the roadway shoulders to provide adequate space
Accommodations to safely accommodate cyclists.
High
Long-Term
High
MassDOT
Consider moving the existing U-turn prohibition sign (R3-4) on the
West Central Street (Route 140) approach closer to the stop line
and/or provide a supplemental sign on the far side of the intersection.
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Consider installing guide signage for Starbucks at the entrance to Old
West Central Street.
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT/
Starbucks/
Town of Franklin
Consider moving or consolidating signs at the eastern Franklin
Village Shopping Center exit so that the stop sign is not posted with
any other signs and the octagon shape is clearly visible.
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT/
Town of Franklin
MassDOT
Low
Short-Term
Low
MassDOT
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
Re-evaluate pedestrian clearance intervals to ensure that they are
timed properly.
Pedestrian
Evaluate the feasibility of widening the median along the eastern leg
Accommodations of West Central Street (Route 140).
Consider using the ladder crosswalk pavement parking to increase
crosswalk visibility.
Traffic Sign and
Pavement
Markings
Consider refreshing the pavement markings along the West Central
Street (Route 140) approaches and the Old West Central southbound
approach.
Consider consolidating the regulatory lane-use (R3-7) signs along the
West Central Street (Route 140) approaches and replace with
advanced intersection lane control (R3-8) signs.
Replace bent sign post on the West Central Street (Route 140)
westbound approach median.
Consider replacing the “Pond Street Next Signal” guide signs with a
sign for the Tri-County Regional Vocational High School.
Replace all dead LEDs in the red traffic signal indications.
Signal Equipment Check the condition of the southern span pole foundation and
perform any repairs necessary.
Page 23
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda Road Safety Audit
Franklin, MA
West Central St. (Route 140) at Franklin Village Dr.
Meeting Location:
Franklin Department of Public Works
257 Fisher Street, Franklin, MA
Thursday, January 7, 2016
9:30 AM – 12:00 PM
Type of meeting:
High Crash Location – Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
9:30 AM
Welcome and Introductions
9:45 AM
Discussion of Safety Issues
 Crash history, Speed Regulations – provided in advance
 Existing Geometries and Conditions
10:00 AM
Site Visit
 Drive to the intersection of West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village
Drive
 As a group, identify areas for improvement
11:00 AM
Discussion of Potential Improvements
 Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas
 Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
12:00 PM
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:
 Before attending the RSA on January 7, 2016, participants are encouraged to
drive/walk through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA
Prompt List with a focus on safety.
 All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.
 After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Participating Audit Team Members
Date:
Thursday, January 7, 2016
Location: Franklin Department of Public Works (257 Fisher Street, Franklin, MA)
Audit Team Members Agency/Affiliation
E-mail Address
Phone Number
Mike Maglio
Franklin Town Engineer
mmaglio@franklin.ma.us
508-553-5500
Bryan Taberner
Franklin Planning Department
btaberner@franklin.ma.us
508-520-4907
Deacon Perrotta
Franklin Department of Public Works
dperrotta@franklin.ma.us
508-553-5551
Jeff Nutting
Franklin Town Administrator
jnutting@franklin.ma.us
508-520-4949
Gary McCarraher
Franklin Fire Department
gmccarraher@franklin.ma.us
508-528-2323
Steve Semerjian
Franklin Police Department
ssemerjian@franklinpolice.com
508-440-2709
Miriam Goodman
Franklin Schools
goodmanm@franklin.ma.us
508-553-4825
Sally Winslow
Franklin Schools
winslows@franklin.ma.us
508-553-4819
Seth Asante
Central Transportation Planning Staff (CTPS)
sasante@ctps.org
857-702-3644
John Mastera
MassDOT Highway Safety
john.mastera@state.ma.us
857-368-9648
Michelle Deng
MassDOT Highway Safety
michelle.deng@state.ma.us
Mohammad AbuArja
MassDOT Highway Safety
mohammad.abuarja@state.ma.us
Lori Shattuck
MassDOT D3 Traffic
lori.shattuck@dot.state.ma.us
508-929-3945
Lola Campbell
MassDOT D3 Traffic
alolade.campbell@dot.state.ma.us 508-929-3887
Joe SanClemente
Howard Stein Hudson
jsanclemente@hshassoc.com
617-348-3334
Alex Siu
Howard Stein Hudson
asiu@hshassoc.com
617-348-3346
Jessica Lizza
Howard Stein Hudson
jlizza@hshassoc.com
617-348-3330
Road Safety Audit
West Central Street (Route 140) at Franklin Village Drive, Franklin
Prepared by Howard Stein Hudson
Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data Collision Diagram - West Central Street (Route 140) at Old West Central
Street and Franklin Village Drive,
Franklin, MA
24
22
17
21
25D
15
9
28
6,11
23
13
2A
29E
26
10
1
18 C
7B
3
16
19
27
5, 12
8
4
14
A
Crash location ~475' West of intersection.
Crash location ~850' East of intersection.
C
Crash location ~700' East of intersection.
D
Crash location ~260' West of intersection.
E
Crash location ~550' East of intersection.
B
Key
Fatal Accident
Rear-End
Overturned
Turning Movement
Pedestrian/Bicyclist
Head-on
Fixed-Object
Out of Control
I.D. Number
##
Sideswipe
Angle
Injury Accident
##
##
Crash Data Summary Table
West Central Street (Route 140) at Old West Central Street and Franklin Village Drive - Franklin, MA
January 2011-December 2014
Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition
Weather
Condition
#
Crash Date
Crash Day
Road Surface Driver Contributing Code
1
3/1/2011
Tuesday
11:38 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
46 29
-
2
5/18/2011
Wednesday
5:27 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
No Improper Driving
48 48
-
3
8/11/2011
Thursday
6:29 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
67 28
-
4
9/1/2011
Thursday
8:52 PM
Rear-end¹
Cloudy
Dry
Followed too closely
24 32
-
5
10/20/2011
Thursday
6:54 PM
Rear-end
Other
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
45 20
-
6
12/1/2011
Thursday
2:29 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
20 50
-
7
12/23/2011
Friday
4:02 PM
Rear-end
n/a
n/a
n/a
No Improper Driving
19 31
-
8
1/12/2012
Thursday
2:18 PM
Single Vehicle Crash
Daylight
Rain
Wet
48
-
9
2/13/2012
Monday
7:12 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Clear
Dry
Operating defective
equipment
Disregarded traffic signs,
signals, road
markings/Failed to yield
right of way
10
2/18/2012
Saturday
8:00 PM
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Clear
Dry
n/a
11
2/26/2012
Sunday
10:37 AM
Rear-end
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12
5/29/2012
Tuesday
3:40 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
13
6/6/2012
Wednesday
3:08 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
14
7/26/2012
Thursday
8:41 PM
Sideswipe, same
direction
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Cloudy
Dry
n/a
Disregarded traffic signs,
signals, road
markings/Failed to yield
right of way
15
9/14/2012
Friday
4:00 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
63 61
-
54 27
-
16
10/23/2012
Tuesday
6:13 PM
Sideswipe, same
direction
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signs,
signals, road
markings/Other Improper
action
17
11/4/2012
Sunday
1:22 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Ages
-
52 17
-
Comments
Veh 1 was stopped st the light on West Central Street, when light
turned green, traffic had not moved yet and was struck in the rear by
Veh. 2
Veh 1 was stopped in the right hand lane of the eastbound lanes when
veh 2 crashed into the rear of veh. 1. Veh 2 then left the scene.
Veh 1 was traveling on West Central Street crossing over Franklin
Village Drive, When Vehicle 2, was exiting the Franklin Village Mall,
crashed into each other. Both vehicles were towed from the scene by
Grove Street Towing.
Veh 1 leaving mall waiting to enter onto Rt 140 when it was collided in
the rear by Veh 2 who didn’t notice her stopped.
n/a
Both vehicles were traveling on West Central Street. Veh 1 stopped for
the traffic light, Veh 2 collided into rear of Veh. 1.
Vehicle 2 was stopped in heavy traffic when Vehicle 1 attempted to stop
but struck the rear of Vehicle 2.
Vehicle made right turn into entrance of Franklin Village Mall. Operator
applied brakes and skidded onto island. Damaged and struck steel sign
post.
Vehicle 2 was stopped at a redlight on the westbound approach in the
left through lane. Vehicle 2 proceed through the intersection when the
Vehicle 1 ran the redlight on the northbound approach and collided with
Vehicle 2.
Vehicle 1 and 2 were taking a left turn out of the village mall. Vehicle 1
stopped for an oncoming vehicle and vehicle 2 struck 1 from behind.
Operator 1 stated while sitting on Rt 140, West Central Street, north
bound at the intersection of Old West Central Street she was struck in
the rear by another vehicle. Operator 1 states that she pulled over upon
being struck but the operator of the other vehicle just passed her by and
33 - headed off towards Rt. 495.
Veh 1 was pulling out into traffic on W. Central Street at a yield sign.
54 19 - Veh. 2 rear ended veh 1 causing minor damage.
MV #1, #2, and #3 were traveling east on W. Central Street. MV #3 rear
40 58 56 ended MV #2, causing MV #2 to rear end MV #1.
55 50
-
Veh 1 was on Franklin Village Drive northbound taking a right turn onto
West Central Street (eastbound). Veh 2 side swiped Veh. 1.
Vehicles 1, 2, and 3 were traveling on the westbound approach and
stopped for a redlight. Vehicle 1 rear ended Veh 2 and Veh 2 then
17 60 25 reared ended Veh 3.
85 19
-
Veh 1 was stopped in traffic at a red light at the intersection of West
Central Street and Franklin Village Drive. Veh 1 was in the right/middle
lane to proceed straight. Veh 2 attempted to squeeze by Veh 1 to enter
the left/middle lane, and made contact with Veh 1.
Veh 1was traveling south on Old West Central Street and proceeded
straight through the green signal across West Central Street attempting
to enter the Franklin Village Mall. Veh 2 was exiting the Mall with a
green signal turning left in order to proceed west on West Central
Street.
1 of 2
West Central Street (Route 140) at Old West Central Street and Franklin Village Drive - Franklin, MA
January 2011-December 2014
18
11/7/2012
Wednesday
10:17 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
27 19
-
Dry
Inattention
Failure to keep in proper
lane or running off road/
Illness
19
1/17/2013
Thursday
8:33 PM
Head-on
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Clear
44 32
-
20*
1/18/2013
Friday
12:28 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
n/a
32 57
-
21
1/23/2013
Wednesday
11:00 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
62 47
-
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Cloudy
Dry
No Improper Driving
41 47
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
No Improper Driving
25 32
Clear
Dry
n/a
53 58
Rear-end
Daylight
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Clear
Wet
No Improper Driving
20 20
7:29 PM
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Rain
Wet
Inattention
51 38
Monday
6:20 PM
Sideswipe, same
direction
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Rain, Sleet
Wet
Inattention
50 25
12/13/2013
Friday
5:51 PM
Sideswipe, same
direction
Dark - Lighted
roadway
Clear
Dry
n/a
26 49
12/23/2013
Monday
1:41 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rain
Wet
n/a
65 18
22
1/31/2013
Thursday
5:10 PM
23
5/9/2013
Thursday
5:46 PM
Rear-end
Sideswipe, same
direction
24
9/27/2013
Friday
9:59 AM
Single Vehicle Crash
25
12/1/2013
Sunday
4:40 PM
26
12/5/2013
Thursday
27
12/9/2013
28
29
Veh 1 was stopped in traffic on West Central St. when it was struck by
Veh 2 in the rear, which was traveling east on West Central St.This
Crash took place at the back of queue approximately 600-700 feet from
the stop bar.
Vehicle 1 was traveling north bound in the area of 550 West Central St
when she crossed over the median and struck vehicle 2 head on.
Veh 1 was stopped at the light on West Central Street and Village Mall.
Veh 2 then struck Veh 1 in the rear.
Operator of Veh #2, was responding to an emergency with blue lights
and siren activated. He stated he approached the intersection of W.
Central St. and Old W. Central St. when he observed traffic in the left
lane of Old W. Central St. stop to allow him to pass. As he entered the
intersection Veh #1 passed the vehicles that were stopped and traveled
in front of Veh #2.
VEHICLE 1 AND 2 WERE TAKING A RIGHT TURN FROM OLD WEST
CENTRAL ST ONTO WEST CENTRAL ST. VEHICLE 1 PROCEEDED
TO TAKE THE RIGHT TURN BUT STOPPED BECAUSE A VEHICLE
WAS MAKING A U TURN IN FRONT OF IT. WHEN VEHICLE 1
- STOPPED VEHICLE 2 STRUCK VEHICLE 1 FROM BEHIND.
VEH 1 TRAVELING EAST ON ROUTE 140. WAS STRUCK BY VEH 2
- ATTEMPTING TO SWITCH LANES.
Veh 1 was traveling south on Old West Central Street and turned right
onto West Central Street, and collided with a bicycle, also traveling
- south on Old West Central Street.
Vehicle #1 and #2 travelling West on West Central Street. Vehicle #2
- drove into the rear of vehicle #1.
Vehicle 2 was stopped at the traffic light awaiting a green arrow to turn
left into the Village Mall shopping center. Vehicle 1 struck vehicle 2
from behind. Operator of vehicle 1 intially stated that he believed a
- "brake line popped".
Veh 1 was attempting to merge onto West Central Street south from the
Village Mall. Veh 2 was behind Veh 1. Veh 2 then struck Veh 1 on the
- side of the car near the gas tank.
Veh 1 was making a right turn onto West Central Street, traveling
westerly. Veh 2 was making a U-turn on West Central Street from the
east to the west. Veh 1 struck veh 2. Veh 1 stated she had the red light.
- Veh 2 stated she had a green light.
MV #1, #2, and #3 were traveling west on W. Central Street ansd
stopped at the traffic control signal. MV #1 rear ended MV #2, causing
51 MV #2 to rear end MV #3.
Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from the State and Franklin Police Department.
* Not enough data obtained to locate crash.
¹ The manner of collision was initially identified as an Angle crash, but based on narratives in the crash data reports, it is determined this crash be indentified as Rear-end. A total of 19 Incident Reports were obtained with insufficient information; therefore, not included in the summary table. 2 of 2
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
CRASH MONTH
30%
24%
20%
17%
10%
10%
10%
10%
3%
3%
3%
3%
J
J
A
7%
7%
O
N
0%
0%
J
F
M
A
M
S
D
CRASH DAY OF WEEK
40%
34%
30%
20%
10%
17%
14%
10%
10%
10%
3%
0%
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CRASH TIME OF DAY
38%
40%
30%
34%
24%
20%
10%
3%
0%
0%
10‐2 a.m.
2‐6 a.m.
0%
6‐10 a.m.
10‐2 p.m.
2‐6 p.m.
6‐10 p.m.
CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION
70%
59%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
14%
17%
7%
0%
3%
0%
0%
Single Vehicle
Crash
Rear‐end
Angle
Sideswipe, same
direction
Sideswipe,
opposite
direction
Head‐on
Unknown/Other
1 of 2
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
CRASH LIGHT CONDITION
80%
60%
52%
38%
40%
20%
0%
0%
Dawn
Dusk
7%
3%
0%
0%
Daylight
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Dark ‐ Lighted
Roadway
Dark ‐ Roadway
not lighted
Other
Unknown
CRASH WEATHER CONDITION
59%
21%
10%
3%
0%
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
0%
0%
0%
0%
Sleet, Hail, Fog, Smog,
Severe
Blowing
Freezing
Smoke
Crosswinds sand, snow
Rain
Other
7%
Unknown
CRASH ROAD SURFACE
80%
69%
60%
40%
24%
20%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Snow
Ice
Sand, mud,
dirt, oil,
gravel
Water
(standing,
moving)
Slush
Other
7%
0%
Dry
Wet
Unknown
CRASH DRIVERS AGES
40%
30%
20%
19%
19%
15%
24%
10%
12%
10%
0%
2%
0%
15‐20
21‐29
30‐39
40‐49
50‐59
60‐69
70‐79
80+
2 of 2