ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
Water Street at High Street
Water Street at Main Street/Sterling Street (Depot Square)
Town of Clinton
May 3, 2013
Prepared For:
MassDOT Highway Division
Prepared By:
BETA Group, Inc.
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Table of Contents
Project Data .................................................................................................................................1
Background .................................................................................................................................2
Project Description .....................................................................................................................2
Audit Observations .....................................................................................................................6
Potential Safety Enhancements ...............................................................................................10
Summary of Road Safety Audit...............................................................................................14
List of Appendices
Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
RSA Meeting Agenda
RSA Audit Team Contact List
Detailed Crash Data
List of Figures
Figure 1.
Location Map ......................................................................................................................... 3
List of Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Participating Audit Team Members ....................................................................................... 1
Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown ..................................................................... 10
Potential Safety Enhancement Summary ............................................................................. 15
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Project Data
A Road Safety Audit for the intersections of Water Street/ High Street and Water Street/ Main
Street/Sterling Street (Depot Square) was held on April 11, 2013 at the Clinton Town Hall in Clinton,
MA. As indicated in Table 1, the audit team consisted of representatives from Federal, State, Regional
and Local agencies and included a cross-section of engineering, planning and emergency response
expertise.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Agency/Affiliation
Bonnie Polin
MassDOT Highway Division – Safety Section
Corey O’Connor
MassDOT Highway Division – Safety Section
Promise Otaluka
FHWA
Peter Calves
MassDOT Highway Division (Intern)
Qing Qing You
MassDOT Highway Division (Intern)
Robert Prudhomme
Kleinfelder
Chris McGown
Clinton DPW
Lola Campbell
MassDOT Highway Division – District 3 Traffic
George Snow
MRPC
Richard Hart
Clinton Fire Chief
Michael Ward
Clinton Town Administrator
Mark Laverdure
Clinton Police Chief
James Boodry
Clinton Wiring Inspector
Greg Lucas
BETA Group, Inc.
Justin Curewitz
BETA Group, Inc.
Page 1
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Background
The Federal Highway Administration defines a Road Safety Audit (RSA) as the formal safety examination
of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. The purpose of an
RSA is to identify potential safety issues and possible opportunities for safety improvements considering
all roadway users. A Road Safety Audit was scheduled for the intersections of Water Street at High Street
and Water Street at Main Street and Sterling Street (Depot Square) because both have been identified as
high crash locations within the Montachusett Regional Planning Commission (MRPC) region. Water
Street is scheduled to be reconstructed from east of High Street to the Clinton/Bolton town line in 2015 as
part of the MRPC Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The RSA is intended to identify potential
short and long term safety improvements that can be made at the study intersections. Although the audit
intersections are not included in the limits of the project, shorter term and lower cost elements can be
incorporated if the project budget allows. Other short term improvements can be implemented through
general maintenance, while long term improvements can be considered as part of local and regional long
term planning.
Project Description
Water Street, shown in Figure 1, is an east-west roadway centrally located in Clinton. It is under Town of
Clinton jurisdiction and is classified as an Urban Minor Arterial east of High Street and as an Urban
Principal Arterial west of High Street. Water Street provides a link between Main Street and High Street
for Routes 70 and 110. Route 70 follows Main Street north of Water Street and High Street south of
Water Street, while Route 110 follows High Street north of Water Street and Main Street south of Water
Street. Route 62 follows the north-south Main Street alignment, concurrent with each of the Route 70 and
Route 110 route segments along Main Street.
Land use along Water Street is typically residential, with increasing commercial uses heading west
towards Depot Square.
The two intersections included in the audit are discussed in detail below.
Water Street at High Street
Water Street and High Street form a 4-way intersection
under traffic signal control. High Street is a north-south
roadway under Town of Clinton jurisdiction functionally
classified as an Urban Principal Arterial north of Water
Street and as an Urban Minor Arterial south of Water
Street. Land use in the area is a mix of residential and
commercial, with the Clinton Post Office on the
southwest corner of the intersection. Millstone Park is a
small Town-owned park on the northwest corner of the
intersection.
Water Street westbound
at High Street
Page 2
REET
HIGH
(ROU STREET
TE 1
10)
MAIN STREET
(ROUTES 62 & 70)
STERLING ST
PROJ
ECT
LIMIT
S
WATER STREET
(ROUTES 70 & 110)
WAT
M
(RO AIN S
UT TRE
ES
62 ET
&1
10)
POST OFFICE
ER S
TREE
T
HIGH STRE
ET
(ROUTE 70
)
DEPOT
SQUARE
LEGEND
STUDY INTERSECTION
Road Safety Audit
Water Street/High Street
and Depot Square
Clinton, MA
Figure 1
Location Map
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Both streets provide a single travel lane in each direction at the intersection. The northbound High Street
approach provides enough width to allow a right-turning vehicle to bypass a waiting vehicle, but is not
marked as such. Double yellow center lines are provided on both intersecting streets, and solid white edge
lines are provided on both sides on the north, east and west legs of the intersection. Sidewalks are
provided on both sides of both intersecting streets, and marked crosswalks are provided across all four
legs of the intersection. The traffic signal provides simple three phase operation, with a phase for each
intersecting street and a pushbutton-actuated pedestrian phase.
The westbound Water Street approach has a steep downhill grade approaching the intersection, which
affects intersection operations and safety due to increased driver speeds and potential impacts during
wintry conditions. Railroad bridges over the north and west legs impact traffic signal visibility at the
intersection. Bridges lack clearly marked clearance restrictions.
Crash data provided by the Clinton Police Department, compiled by MRPC and summarized by
MassDOT show 18 crashes in the three year period from February 2010 to January 2013. A collision
diagram and crash summary are included in the Appendix. Half of the crashes were angle crashes. Of note
amongst the angle crashes are two crashes in wintry conditions involving vehicles traveling downhill on
the westbound approach.
Six rear-end crashes occurred at the intersection, including four on the westbound approach. Three of
these four crashes were a result of queued traffic or a vehicle stopped for a turning vehicle. One
pedestrian crash occurred at the intersection, but it was noted as a road rage incident in which a driver
intentionally hit another driver while outside of their car.
Water Street at Main Street and Sterling Street
(Depot Square)
Water Street, Main Street and Sterling Street form a 4way intersection under traffic signal control. Main
Street is a Town-owned roadway functionally classified
as an Urban Principal Arterial in the vicinity of Water
Street, while Sterling Street is functionally classified as
a local road. Land use in the area is primarily
commercial, with a bar/restaurant on the northeast
corner and an automotive service center on the
southeast corner. Depot Square is a grassy, tree-lined
common area on the southwest corner of the
intersection.
Main Street northbound at Water Street and Sterling Street
Water Street westbound provides two approach lanes; a shared lane for left turns and through vehicles,
and a dedicated lane for right turns to Main Street northbound. Lane widths are narrow on this approach
and no edge line is provided within the two-lane segment. The proximity of the building on the northeast
corner reduces visibility of pedestrians in the crosswalk for right turning drivers. Main Street southbound
provides two approach lanes, with the left lane marked as an exclusive left turn lane and the right lane
serving through vehicles and right turns. Drivers were observed on the day of the audit using the left lane
to continue straight through the intersection on Main Street. Main Street northbound provides an
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
exclusive left turn lane, a through lane, and a right turn lane delineated by a triangular channelizing
island. Sterling Street eastbound provides a shared lane for left turns and throughs, and a dedicated lane
for right turns to Water Street eastbound. Lane widths are generally narrow on all approaches, which
require trucks to encroach on both adjacent approach lanes and opposing departure lanes.
A railroad bridge over the south leg of the intersection affects signal visibility for northbound vehicles. It
was also noted that large trucks move into the center of the road due to the low height and the arched
structure. This behavior was observed on the day of the audit. The bridge lacks clearly marked clearance
restrictions.
The traffic signal provides protected-permissive phasing for Main Street left turns in both directions. Leftturning vehicles, when present, are shown a green arrow during the protected phase, and then a solid
green ball is displayed for the approach during the permissive phase. The green arrow and green ball are
displayed from a 4-section signal head, with an adjacent “Left Turn Signal” sign. This sign is potentially
misleading, because it may lead drivers to believe that the green ball indication is for the left turn. Right
turn overlaps are provided for both Water Street and Sterling Street and indicated by a green right turn
arrow, which operates concurrently with the protected left turns from Main Street. An exclusive
pedestrian phase is activated by pedestrian pushbutton.
Sidewalks are provided on both sides of both intersecting streets, and marked crosswalks are provided
across all four legs of the intersection. Crosswalks across the south and east legs of the intersection
connect to the raised channelizing island on the southeast corner. No signal control is provided for the
crosswalk across the channelized right turn lane.
Crash data provided by the Clinton Police Department, compiled by MRPC and summarized by
MassDOT show 20 crashes in the three year period from February 2010 to January 2013. A collision
diagram and crash summary are included in the Appendix. The prevalent crash type were rear-end
crashes, comprising 45% of the crashes at the intersection. Three rear-end crashes occurred on the
Sterling Street approach, two occurred on the Main Street southbound approach, and one occurred on
Main Street southbound departing the intersection. One rear-end crash on Water Street departing the
intersection was noted to have been the result of a distracted driver looking for a street name sign.
Six angle crashes occurred at the intersection during the study period, with three occurring between a
northbound through vehicle and a southbound left turning vehicle. This may be due to confusion over the
protected/permissive phasing. One crash occurred between a southbound through vehicle and a
northbound left turning vehicle.
Also of note are two sideswipe crashes involving trucks on the Water Street approach, which may be
related to the narrow lane widths or may indicate deficiencies in lane markings and lane control signage.
One pedestrian-involved crash occurred at the intersection, in which a pedestrian in the crosswalk was
struck by a vehicle turning right from Sterling Street onto Main Street southbound.
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Audit Observations
Following a brief introduction to the RSA process and a summary of existing crash information, the audit
participants were asked to discuss safety issues at the intersections of Water Street at High Street and
Water Street at Main Street and Sterling Street. Audit participants then conducted a site visit as a group, at
which time they offered observations on safety concerns and deficiencies. A summary of those major
safety considerations is as follows:
Water Street at High Street

Roadway Grade – The steep downhill approach of Water Street westbound impacts safety at the
intersection, especially during wintry conditions. No advance warning of the steep grade is provided.

Railroad Bridges – Existing bridges on the north and west legs of the intersection impact safety at the
intersection.
o The bridge clearance is hand painted on the bridge structure. A truck driver unfamiliar with the area may not see this marking or realize that it is in fact
the bridge height. No Low Clearance signs meeting Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices (MUTCD) requirements are provided.
o Visibility of the intersection and of the signal
indications is blocked by the bridge for both
eastbound and southbound vehicles.
Hand painted
bridge clearance

Visibility – The house on the northeast corner of the
intersection is very close to the back of sidewalk, and blocks visibility for westbound and southbound
vehicles.

Pavement Markings – Pavement markings are faded at the intersection.

Westbound Stop Line – It was noted that vehicles stop beyond the stop line on the westbound
approach, stopping either at the crosswalk line or within the crosswalk. This behavior may be related
to faded markings or may be related to the steep downhill grade of this approach, but it may also
indicate a lack of awareness of the signal and visibility issues with the existing signal heads. It was
also noted that a vehicle that has passed the stop line may not be able to see the overhead signals.

Solar Glare – It was noted that solar glare is a problem, especially in the eastbound direction in the
morning. It should be noted that signal backplates are provided on overhead signals.
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.

Signage – Several issues related to existing signage were discussed at the intersection.
o The “Do Not Block Driveway” sign on the northbound approach in
advance of the post office driveway is covered with graffiti,
obscuring its intended message. A stop line was previously provided
at this location to relate the desire for vehicles to stop in advance of
the driveway when traffic queues are present, but was removed
because it caused confusion over where an approaching vehicle must
stop for the signal. A stop line is inappropriate at this location, since
vehicles are not required to stop until they reach the signal.
o A guide sign on the southeast corner of the intersection is
falling over due to failing attachment hardware, and is located
such that its legend is obscured by a light pole.
o Street name signs were noted to be inadequate at the
intersection, and do not meet current MUTCD and MassDOT
standards.
o A W3-3 graphical “Signal Ahead” sign is provided on the
Water Street westbound downhill grade, but is extremely faded and may be located too
close to the intersection to be effective.

Signal Equipment – Several issues related to signal equipment were discussed at the audit.
o A signal head on the northwest corner of the intersection intended to face northbound traffic is slightly misaligned. This causes the northbound green signal to be partially visible to westbound traffic when the westbound approach is being
displayed a red signal. This may be a factor in crashes on the westbound approach, and may
exacerbate other safety issues related to this approach.
Green signal visible during
red indication
o It was noted that signal post knockdowns from large
trucks occur at the intersection but are typically not reported, and that truck operators
may not even be aware when they strike a signal post.
o Loop detectors are located in the roadway on all four approaches, but are not operating
properly on the High Street approaches.

ADA Compliance – Existing ramps and pushbutton locations do not meet current ADA and AAB
requirements.

Bicycle Accommodation – Signage is provided on all four approaches indicating that bicycle
detection is provided, but corresponding markings are missing from the pavement.
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Water Street at Main Street and Sterling Street (Depot Square)

Railroad Bridges – The existing bridge on the south leg of the intersection impacts safety at the
intersection.
o The bridge clearance is hand painted on the bridge structure. A truck driver unfamiliar
with the area may not see this marking or realize that it is in fact the bridge height. No
Low Clearance signs meeting MUTCD
requirements are provided.
o Visibility of the intersection and of the signal indications is blocked by the bridge.
o Trucks move into the center of the road
when passing under the bridge due to the low height and the arched structure.
Truck in center of roadway
passing under bridge

Lane Widths – It was noted that the Water Street
westbound right turn lane is narrow, which may be a
factor in sideswipe crashes on this approach. Narrow
turning lanes present challenges for large trucks
navigating the intersection.

Signal Visibility – In addition to northbound signals
being blocked by the bridge structure, it was noted that
signals facing the Water Street westbound approach are
not clearly visible to approaching drivers due to the
curvature of the approach and the building on the
southeast corner of the intersection, as seen at right.

Signal Visibility – It was suggested that vehicles stopped at the stop bar on the Main Street
northbound approach cannot see the overhead signal heads. This may be a factor in the one crash
involving a northbound left turning vehicle.

Signal Visibility – Overhead signals are provided for the northbound, southbound and westbound
approaches, but only far side post mounted signal heads are provided for the Sterling Street eastbound
approach. Drivers may expect to find overhead signals on this approach due to the presence of a span
wire assembly at the intersection, and may not see the post-mounted signals in time to react to a red
or yellow signal indication. This may be a factor in three rear-end crashes on this approach.

Signal Phasing – Crashes involving left turning vehicles on both the northbound and southbound
approaches may be related to the protected/permissive phasing provided for the left turn maneuvers in
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
both directions. It was suggested that drivers anticipate the green
light before it is displayed, especially on the southbound
approach. The “Left Turn Signal” signs may also create a safety
concern by implying that the green ball, when shown, indicates a
protected rather than permissive movement for left turning
vehicles.

Signage – In addition to the “Left Turn Signal” signage confusion noted above, it was suggested that
existing signage is inadequate at the intersection.
o It was noted that an H1-2 object marker sign on the northern corner of the channelizing
island is improperly placed. H1-2 panels shall be used only where traffic can pass on both
sides (immediately to the right or left side) of a gore, island, or other obstruction.
o Street name signs were noted to be inadequate at the intersection, and do not meet current
MUTCD and MassDOT standards.
o A “Right Turn Must Turn Right” sign on the northbound approach was not properly
mounted and aligned.
o The lack of lane control signage was noted on all approaches. This may lead to confusion
over lane assignments on the Main Street approaches.

Signal Equipment – Safety issues relating to signal equipment at the intersection were discussed by
the audit team.
o Loop detectors are located in the roadway on all four approaches, but are not working
properly.
o Signal backplates are not provided at this location. This reduces the visibility of signals
during solar glare conditions, and may exacerbate visibility concerns related to other
safety issues at the intersection.

Right Turn on Red – It was suggested that right turning drivers do not come to a complete stop before
making a right turn. It was also noted that right turns on red can create conflicts with pedestrians,
which is of particular concern because a driver is looking left to look for gaps in traffic and may not
see the pedestrian on their right. This is especially true for the westbound right turn, where visibility
of a pedestrian on the northeast corner may also be obstructed by the adjacent building.

Lane Control Signage – The lack of lane control signage causes confusion and may be a factor in
sideswipe crashes at the intersection. Several vehicles were observed on the day of the audit either
switching lanes or traveling through the intersection from the left turn lane on the Main Street
southbound approach.

Pavement Markings - Pavement markings are faded at the intersection. It was also noted that the lack
of arrow and only markings at the start of exclusive turn lanes on each approach may lead to
confusion over lane assignments.
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Potential Safety Enhancements
Audit participants identified safety issues and recommended potential improvements to address these
issues. Audit participants were encouraged to consider both short and long term improvements for each
issue. Each improvement considered has been categorized as short-term, mid-term, or long-term based on
the definitions shown in Table 2. Additionally, a cost category has been assigned to each improvement
based on the parameters set forth in Table 2.
Table 2. Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown
Time Frame
Short-term
<1 year
Costs
Low
Mid-term
1–3 years
Medium
Long-term
>3 years
High
<$10,000
$10,000–$50,000
>$50,000
Water Street at High Street

Provide grade warning signage for Water Street westbound in advance of the
downhill grade. The measured grade of the hill should be posted either on the
sign or on a supplemental plaque. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Replace and relocate W3-3 “Signal Ahead” sign for the Water Street
westbound approach. The new sign should be located further in advance of the
traffic signal. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Provide W12-2 “Low Clearance” signs in advance of the bridges on the High
Street southbound and Water Street eastbound approaches. This is a shortterm, low cost improvement.

Install object marker signage on all bridge abutments adjacent to the roadway. Type 3 Object Markers
meeting all MUTCD and MassDOT standards shall be provided on both sides of the roadway and in
both directions for each bridge adjacent to the intersection. This is a short-term, low cost
improvement.

Consider placement of crash attenuators at the steel support columns for the bridges on the High
Street southbound and Water Street eastbound approaches. Crash attenuators were suggested as
protection for the steel support columns located at the curb line immediately adjacent to the curb line.
The locations should be evaluated to determine if attenuators are appropriate and if adequate space
exists for placement without encroaching on the roadway or required clear pedestrian path. This is a
potential mid-term, medium cost improvement.

Provide supplemental devices to assist visibility of signal indications on the north and west legs of the
intersection, where visibility is obstructed by overhead bridges. Two separate measures were
discussed.
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
o Provide supplemental signal heads for the High Street southbound and Water Street
eastbound approaches. It should be noted that a far left side ground mounted signal head
is provided for the eastbound approach, but no supplemental heads are provided for the
southbound approach. The feasibility and potential effectiveness of this short-term,
medium cost recommendation must be studied in advance of implementation.
o Provide illuminated “Red Signal Ahead” signs for the High Street southbound and Water
Street eastbound approaches. Signs would be placed in advance of the bridge structure to
alert approaching drivers both to the presence and current indication of the signal. This is
a mid-term, medium cost improvement.

Reapply pavement markings at the intersection. The Town indicated that they typically repaint
markings annually. Thermoplastic markings are recommended due to their longer lifespan. This is a
short-term, low cost improvement.

Provide a “Stop Here on Red” signage to reinforce the stop line location on the
Water Street westbound approach. The sign may help prevent drivers from
encroaching on the crosswalk, which in turn would help visibility of the overhead
signals by keeping drivers at the appropriate distance. This is a short-term, low cost
improvement.

Provide a supplemental ground-mounted signal head facing westbound traffic on
the northwest corner of the intersection. This would address concerns that overhead signal heads are
not visible. This is a short-term, medium cost improvement.

Replace the “Do Not Block Driveway” sign on the eastbound approach. The existing sign is
obstructed by graffiti and should be replaced. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Repair and relocate the D6 guide sign on the southeast corner of the intersection. The sign is currently
leaning as a result of missing or damaged attachment hardware, and is located such that its legend
facing southbound traffic is obscured by a light pole. This sign should be repaired and relocated to an
unobstructed location. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Replace street name signs with larger signs meeting current MUTCD and MassDOT requirements.
Two sets of signs should be provided and set on opposite corners. This is a short-term, low cost
improvement.

Realign the signal head on the northwest corner so that its indication is not visible to traffic on Water
Street westbound. The signal head should be rotated slightly to the left so that it is only visible to
northbound traffic. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Consider replacing loops with video (camera) detection, or replacing loops in kind. This improvement
would address current problems with existing loops. Installation of video detection is a mid-term,
medium cost improvement which would eliminate concerns about damage to detection from road
work or other damage to the existing pavement. Direct replacement of loops is a short-term, lower
cost improvement.
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.

Replace handicap ramps and relocate pedestrian pushbuttons to meet current ADA, AAB and
MUTCD requirements. This is a long-term, high cost improvement.

Provide bicycle markings at the stop line on all four approaches to indicate that bicycle detection is
provided. Markings should meet current MassDOT requirements. This is a short-term, low cost
improvement.
Water Street at Main Street and Sterling Street (Depot Square)

Provide a W12-2 “Low Clearance” sign in advance of the bridge on the Main Street northbound
approach. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Install object marker signage on the bridge abutments adjacent to the roadway. Type 3 Object
Markers meeting all MUTCD and MassDOT standards shall be provided on both sides of the
roadway and in both directions for the bridge on the Main Street northbound approach. This is a
short-term, low cost improvement.

Provide supplemental signal heads for the Water Street westbound and Main Street northbound
approaches. The Water Street approach signal visibility is obstructed by the curvature of the roadway,
while the Main Street northbound approach visibility is obstructed by the bridge. The feasibility and
potential effectiveness of this mid-term, medium cost recommendation must be studied in advance of
implementation.

Replace “Left Turn Signal” signs with “Left Turn Yield on Green Ball” signs. This
will limit confusion over the protected/permissive operation of left turns on Main
Street in both directions at this intersection. This is a short-term, low cost
improvement.

Evaluate the span wire assembly to determine if an overhead signal can be added
for the Sterling Street eastbound approach. The lack of overhead signals on this
approach may be a factor in rear-end crashes. Calculations should be performed to determine if the
existing span wire assembly can handle the additional load. This is a mid-term, medium cost
improvement.

Remove the H1-2 object marker on the northern corner of the channelizing island. This sign is not
appropriate for this location, based on the Massachusetts Amendments to the MUTCD. This is a
short-term, low cost improvement.

Replace street name signs with larger signs meeting current MUTCD and MassDOT requirements.
Two sets of signs should be provided and set on opposite corners. This is a short-term, low cost
improvement.

Repair “Right Turn Must Turn Right” sign on the Main Street northbound approach. The existing
sign is not properly mounted and aligned. This is short-term, low cost improvement.

Reapply pavement markings at the intersection. The Town indicated that they typically repaint
markings annually. Thermoplastic markings are recommended due to their longer lifespan. Lane lines
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
should be extended to the greatest extent practicable on each approach, and arrow and only markings
should be placed closer to the beginning of the exclusive lanes on each approach. A “median bubble”
should be added on the southbound Main Street approach, providing protection and definition for the
left turn lane. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Install lane usage signage on all approaches. This will alert drivers to the intended lane use in tandem
with pavement marking improvements. It is recommended that R3-8 graphical signs be provided on
all approaches. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Evaluate placement of a “No Turn on Red” sign for the Water Street westbound approach. This sign
is recommended due to potential conflicts between vehicles turning right on red and pedestrians.
Visibility of a pedestrian at the curb or in the crosswalk is potentially obstructed by the building on
the northeast corner. The potential impact of sign placement on safety and capacity should be
evaluated before installation, which is a short-term, low cost improvement.

Consider replacing loops with video (camera) detection, or replacing loops in kind. This improvement
would address current problems with existing loops. Installation of video detection is a mid-term,
medium cost improvement which would eliminate concerns about damage to detection from road
work or other damage to the existing pavement. Direct replacement of loops is a short-term, lower
cost improvement. Calculations must be performed to determine if the existing span wire assembly
can handle the additional wind loading.

Provide backplates for all overhead signals, if feasible. This is a short-term, medium cost
improvement.
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Summary of Road Safety Audit
Table 3 summarizes potential recommendations discussed by the audit team. The recommendations are
categorized based on the potential safety payoff, as well as by time frame and cost. The safety payoff is a
qualitative judgment of the effectiveness of the potential safety improvements. Each recommendation has
a responsibility assigned to it stating whether MassDOT or the Town of Clinton would be responsible for
implementing the recommended improvement. All improvements have an order of magnitude cost
assigned.
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Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
Responsibility
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Water Street at High Street
Roadway Grade
Provide grade warning signage for Water Street WB in
advance of the downhill grade.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$250
Roadway Grade,
Signage
Replace and relocate W3-3 “Signal Ahead” sign for the
Water Street WB approach.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$250
Railroad Bridges
Provide W12-2 “Low Clearance” signs in advance of the
bridges on the High Street SB and Water Street EB
approaches.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$1,000
Railroad Bridges
Install object marker signage on all bridge abutments
adjacent to the roadway
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$2,000
Railroad Bridges
Consider placement of crash attenuators at the steel
support columns for the bridges on the High Street SB and
Water Street EB approaches. The locations should be
evaluated to determine if attenuators are appropriate and if
adequate space exists for placement without encroaching
on the roadway or the required clear pedestrian path.
Town*
Medium
Mid-term
$50,000
Railroad Bridges,
Visibility
Provide supplemental signal heads for the High Street SB
and Water Street EB approaches. The feasibility and
potential effectiveness must be studied in advance of
implementation.
Town*
High
Short-term
$10,000
Railroad Bridges,
Visibility
Provide illuminated “Red Signal Ahead” signs for the High
Street SB and Water Street EB approaches
Town*
High
Mid-term
$25,000
Pavement Markings
Reapply pavement markings at the intersection.
Thermoplastic markings are recommended due to their
longer lifespan.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$7,500
Visibility, WB Stop Line
Provide a “Stop Here on Red” sign to reinforce the stop line
location on the Water Street WB approach.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$250
Visibility, WB Stop Line
Provide a supplemental ground-mounted signal head
facing westbound traffic on the northwest corner of the
intersection.
Town*
High
Short-term
$2,500
Page 15
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Responsibility
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$250
MassDOT
Medium
Short-term
$2,000
Replace street name signs with larger signs meeting
current MUTCD and MassDOT requirements. Two sets of
signs should be provided and set on opposite corners.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$1,000
Signal Equipment
Realign the signal head on the northwest corner so that its
indication is not visible to traffic on Water Street WB.
Town
High
Short-term
$500
Signal Equipment
Consider replacing loops with video (camera) detection, or
replace loops in kind.
Town*
Low
Mid-term
$40,000 (Video)
$10,000 (Loops)
ADA Compliance
Replace handicap ramps and relocate pedestrian
pushbuttons to meet current ADA, AAB and MUTCD
requirements.
Town
Medium
Long-term
TBD
(High)
Short-term
$1,000
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
Signage
Replace the “Do Not Block Driveway” sign on the EB
approach.
Signage
Repair and relocate the D6 guide sign on the southeast
corner of the intersection.
Signage
Bicycle
Accommodations
Provide bicycle markings at the stop line on all four
Low
Town*
approaches to indicate that bicycle detection is provided.
Water Street at Main Street and Sterling Street (Depot Square)
Railroad Bridges
Provide W12-2 “Low Clearance” signs in advance of the
bridges on the Main Street NB approach.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$500
Railroad Bridges
Install object marker signage on all bridge abutments
adjacent to the roadway
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$1,000
Provide supplemental signal heads for the Water Street
Railroad Bridges, Signal WB and Main Street NB approaches. The feasibility and
Visibility
potential effectiveness must be studied in advance of
implementation.
Town*
High
Short-term
$10,000
Signal Phasing
Replace “Left Turn Signal” signs with “Left Turn Yield on
Green Ball” signs.
Town*
High
Short-term
$500
Signal Equipment
Evaluate the span wire assembly to determine if an
overhead signal can be added for the Sterling Street EB
approach.
Town*
High
Mid-term
$15,000
Page 16
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Responsibility
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Remove the H1-2 object marker on the northern corner of
the channelizing island.
Town
Medium
Short-term
$250
Signage
Replace street name signs with larger signs meeting
current MUTCD and MassDOT requirements. Two sets of
signs should be provided and set on opposite corners.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$1,000
Signage
Repair “Right Turn Must Turn Right” sign on the Main
Street NB approach.
Town*
Low
Short-term
$250
Pavement Markings
Reapply pavement markings at the intersection. Lane lines
should be extended to the greatest extent practicable on
each approach, and arrow and only markings should be
placed closer to the beginning of the exclusive lanes.
Town*
High
Short-term
$10,000
Signage
Install lane use signage on all approaches.
Town*
High
Short-term
$2,000
Signage, Right Turn on
Red
Evaluate placement of a “No Turn on Red” sign for the
Water Street westbound approach.
Town*
High
Short-term
$250
Signal Equipment
Consider replacing loops with video (camera) detection, or
replace loops in kind.
Town*
Low
Mid-term
$40,000 (Video)
$10,000 (Loops)
Signal Equipment
Provide backplates for all overhead signals, if feasible.
Calculations must be performed to determine if the existing
span wire assembly can handle the additional wind loading.
Town*
Medium
Short-term
$15,000
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
Signage
*
These improvements could be included in the planned Water Street reconstruction project, if the budget allows. Responsibility should be
determined by ongoing coordination between the Town and MassDOT.
Page 17
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda
Road Safety Audit
Clinton, MA
Water Street/High Street and Depot Square
Meeting Location: Lower Level Conference Room, Town Hall
242 Church Street, Clinton, MA
Thursday, April 11, 2013
10:30 AM – 12:30 PM
Type of meeting:
High Crash Locations – Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
10:30 AM
Welcome and Introductions
10:45 AM
Discussion of Safety Issues
• Crash history – provided in advance
• Existing Geometries and Conditions
11:15 AM
Site Visit
• Drive to the intersections of Water Street/High Street and Water St/Main
St/Sterling St.
• As a group, identify areas for improvement
12:00 PM
Discussion of Potential Improvements
• Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas
• Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
12:30 PM
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:
• Before attending the RSA on April 11th, participants are encouraged to drive/walk
through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List
with a focus on safety.
• All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.
• After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List
Road Safety Audit—Water St/High St and Water St/Main St/Sterling St—Clinton, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data
SYMBOLS ------lll)~
TYPES OF CRASH
Moving Vehicle
COLLISION DIAGRAM ____/
Angle
Bicycle
~
Tuming Movement
Animal
~
Pedestrian
~
0
Rear End - - - - • Non-Involved Vehicle
~
jiiiiia
Parked Vehicle
D
Fixed Object
Clinton, MA
Head on *-+ Backing Vehicle
~
SEVERITY Water Street at High Street
Injury
0
Fatal
Sideswipe REGION: MRPC
TIME PERIOD ANAI..YlED: 2010 - 2013
SOURCE OF CRASH REPORTS: Clinton Police Department
~ Out of Control DATE PREPARED: 2/26/13
Night Time Crash PREPARED BY: CO
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Crash #18 cannot be located
-Angle crash in intersection
Crash Data Summary Table
Water Street at High Street, Clinton, MA
February 1, 2010 - January 31, 2013
#
1
Crash
Date
Time of Day
m/d/y
2/16/10
3:00 PM
Manner of Collision
Type
Angle
Light Condition
Type
Daylight
Weather
Condition
Type
Snow
Road Surface
Type
Ice
2
3
4/2/10
5/21/10
5:30 PM
9:30 PM
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
Dry
Dry
4
5
7/16/10
2/11/11
7:06 AM
Sideswipe, same direction
Angle
Dark - lighted roadway Rain
Daylight
Clear
Wet
Dry
6
7
8
5/11/11
6/2/11
7/9/11
4:04 PM
5:42 PM
10:36 PM
Rear-end
Rear-end
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dusk
Clear
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
9
8/10/11
2:14 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
10 12/14/11 10:10 AM
Angle
Daylight
11 3/30/12
12 5/30/12
8:20 PM
10:57 PM
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
Daylight
Clear
2:54 PM
3:41 PM
2:00 PM
7:08 PM
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Dark - lighted roadway
Angle
Angle
Dark - lighted roadway Snow
Daylight
Cloudy
13
14
15
16
6/6/12
9/2/12
9/5/12
11/2/12
17 12/29/12 6:45 PM
18 1/11/13
1:14 PM
Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from the Clinton Police Department
Crashes highlighted in grey are operator reports
Driver Contributing Code
Type
D1
18
Ages
D2
64
20
22
41
17
Failed to yield to right of way
43
25
41
17
Dry
Dry
Dry
Failed to yield to right of way
26
57
30
21
unk
29
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
35
30
Cloudy
Dry
Failed to yield to right of way
72
17
Dry
Dry
62
77
unk
61
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
59
53
26
18
38
24
unk
18
Snow
Dry
20
49
25
unk
Clear
Clear
Clear
Cloudy
Comments
D3
Due to snowy conditions Veh 1 slid sideways into Veh 2
Flashing operation. Veh 3 (uninvolved) allowed Veh 1 to proceed through
intersection, Veh 2 passed Veh 3 to collide w/ Veh 1 in an angle manner
Veh 2 (SB High Street) ran red light
Veh 2 parked, Veh 1 distracted and side-swiped Veh 2. Unsure if collision
happened north or south of intersection.
Traffic stopped for uninvolved veh turning in intersection, Veh 2 rear ended
Veh 1
Traffic queued on Water Street
Flashing operation, Op 1 failed to stop at flashing red light
Veh 3 stopped short to avoid uninvolved veh turning into 88 Water St
42 causing rear end crash
Op 1 began turning into post office then turned back into traffic suddenly and
hit Veh 2
Veh 2 (EB) hesitated to proceed through green light causing Veh 1 (WB)
begin to turn left. Veh 2 decided to turn right as Veh 1 was turning left.
Vehicle 2 was driving erratically
Road rage. Op 2 was outside of car engaged in verbal disbute with Op1.
When light turned green Op 1 intentially hit both Veh 2 and Op 2 with
vehicle.
Operator 2 claims that brakes were not working
Vehicle 2 did not stop at stop sign
Op 1 (turning left) claims that Veh 2 was traveling fast and ran red light
Due to snowy conditions Vehicle 1 (WB Water St) slid into intersection
during red light and was hit by Veh 2 (SB High Street)
Cannot be located
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
Intersection: Water Street and High Street, Clinton, MA
CRASH MONTH
20%
17%
15%
11%
11%
11%
11%
11%
10%
6%
6%
6%
6%
6%
5%
0%
0%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
CRASH DAY OF WEEK
50%
40%
39%
33%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0%
Monday
6%
11%
6%
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
6%
Sunday
CRASH TIME OF DAY
60%
47%
40%
24%
20%
0%
12%
6%
12%
0%
6-10AM
10-2PM
2-6PM
6-10PM
10-2AM
2-6AM
CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
50%
28%
17%
6%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Crash
Rear-end
Crash Summary Data_High Street.xlsx
Angle
Sideswipe, Sideswipe,
same
opposite
direction
direction
2 of 3
0%
0%
0%
Head on
Rear to
Rear
Unknown
4/1/2013
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
Intersection: Water Street and High Street, Clinton, MA
CRASH LIGHT CONDITION
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
61%
33%
6%
0%
Daylight
Dawn
Dusk
Dark ­
Lighted
Roadway
0%
0%
0%
0%
Dark ­
Roadway
not lighted
Dark ­
unknown
roadway
lighting
Other
Unknown
CRASH WEATHER CONDITION
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
61%
22%
11%
6%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
CRASH ROAD SURFACE
0%
0%
Unknown
0%
Other
0%
Slush
0%
Water
(standing,
moving)
Snow
6%
Sand, mud,
dirt, oil,
gravel
6%
Ice
6%
Wet
83%
Dry
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
CRASH DRIVER AGES
40%
30%
30%
20%
18%
12%
15%
9%
10%
0%
9%
6%
0%
15-20
21-29
Crash Summary Data_High Street.xlsx
30-39
40-49
3 of 3
50-59
60-69
70-79
80+
4/1/2013
SYMBOLS
111assDOT
------lll)~
TYPES OF CRASH
Moving Vehicle
~
Hlgllw.y Division
COLLISION DIAGRAM
Pedestrian ____/
Angle
Tuming Movement
~
Bicycle
~
~
Animal
~
jiiiiia
Parked Vehicle
D
Fixed Object
0
Rear End
- - - - • Non-Involved Vehicle
· - dl. . . DapwWGI'11r&-lllllllllliill
Clinton, MA Head on
H---
*-+ Backing Vehicle
SEVERITY Sideswipe
0
Fatal
~
Depot Square Injury
REGION: MRPC TIME PERIOD ANAI..YlED: 2010 - 2013
SOURCE OF CRASH REPORTS: Clinton Police Department
Out of Control
IL:S •
DATE PREPARED: 2/26/13
Night Time Crash
ll!i!r
PREPARED BY: CO
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Crash #1 0 cannot be located
- Rear end crash on Main St
....~
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Water Street (Routes 70 & 11 0) z
Crash Data Summary Table
Depot Square, Clinton, MA
January 1, 2010 - December 31, 2012
Crash
Diagram
Ref #
1
Crash
Date
Time of Day
m/d/y
Light Condition
Type
Daylight
Weather
Condition
Type
Snow
Road Surface
Type
Ice
2/16/10
2:38 PM
Manner of Collision
Type
Rear-end
2
3
4
3/1/10
7/1/10
9/20/10
12:10 PM
5:15 PM
7:58 AM
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Clear
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
Dry
5
10/18/10 7:16 PM
Angle
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
6
11/1/10
9:03 PM
Angle
Daylight
7
8
9
12/3/10
2/8/11
3/22/11
5:30 PM
10
4/22/11
11
12
Driver Contributing Code
Type
Comments
D1
D2
D3
26
40
Distracted
40
37
30
unk
51
22
Dry
Wrong side or wrong way
22
47
Clear
Dry
Unknown
22
26
6:00 PM
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
Daylight
Clear
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Wet
Dry
79
51
52
58
unk
48
3:48 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
unk
unk
9/20/11 4:30 PM
10/13/11 10:55 AM
Rear-end
Angle
Daylight
Daylight
Clear
Clear
Dry
24
59
unk
37
13
10/25/11 1:10 PM
Sideswipe, same direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
56
60
14
1/9/12
4:35 PM
Sideswipe, same direction
Dusk
Clear
Dry
58
41
15
16
3/20/12
5/13/12
7:10 PM
5:11 PM
Rear-end
Single Vehicle Crash
Clear
Dry
76
50
61
Daylight
17
18
6/6/12
6/23/12
11:08 AM
3:28 PM
Rear-end
Single Vehicle Crash
Daylight
Daylight
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
56
76
62
19
9/6/12
7:56 PM
Head on
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
Dry
28
26
Veh 1 failed to yield while turning left
20
11/30/12 8:33 PM
Angle
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
Dry
18
18
Veh 1 failed to yield while turning left
Unknown
Over-correcting/over-steering
Veh 2 slowing to turn left into parking lot. Op 1 lost, looking for street name
sign and rear-ends Veh 2
Light turned green, Veh 1 could not see Veh 2 over its hood
Op 2's foot slipped off brake while reaching in back seat
Possible OUI. Driver crossed yellow center line while turning onto Water
Street.
Veh 1 claims to have had green light, Veh 2 claims to have had green left
arrow
Veh 2 attempted right turn on red and collided with Veh 1
Courtesy Crash*
Veh 1 began to stop as light turned yellow, Veh 2 did not. Crash cannot be
located
Veh 2 stopped suddenly for pedestrian in road. Veh 2 had no working brake
lights. Veh 1 rear ended Veh 2
The trailer of Veh 1 (tractor trailer, right lane) scrapes Veh 2 (left lane) as
both move forward. Opp. 2 on cell phone
Upon police arrival, Veh 1 (tractor trailer, right lane) was partially in Veh 2's
lane (left lane)
Op 1 bent down to pick up dropped cigarette and then rear ended Veh 2
40 which then hit Veh 3
While applying front brake of motor scooter operator lost control
Op 1 saw light turn green and thought Veh 2 (in front) had already begun
moving
Veh 1 turned right on red and hit ped in cross walk
Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from the Clinton Police Department
Crashes highlighted in brown are operator reports
*Courtesy Crash - A term used to describe a crash that occurs subsequent to a non-involved mainline driver who gives the right of way, contrary to the rules of the road, to another driver.
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
Depot Square, Clinton, MA
CRASH MONTH
20%
10%
10%
5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
10%
10%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
0%
0%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
CRASH DAY OF WEEK
40%
30%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
0%
15%
5%
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
5%
5%
Saturday
Sunday
CRASH TIME OF DAY
30%
26%
21%
20%
10%
0%
16%
11% 11%
11%
5%
0%
6AM­
8AM
8AM­
10AM
0% 0% 0% 0%
10AM­
12PM
12PM­
2PM
2PM­
4PM
4PM­
6PM
6PM­
8PM
8PM­
10PM
10PM­
12AM
12AM­
2AM
2AM­
4AM
4AM­
6AM
CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION
45%
50%
40%
30%
30%
20%
10%
0%
10%
10%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Crash
Rear-end
Crash Summary Data_Depot Square.xlsx
Angle
Sideswipe, Sideswipe,
same
opposite
direction
direction
2 of 3
5%
Head on
0%
0%
Rear to
Rear
Unknown
4/1/2013
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
Depot Square, Clinton, MA
CRASH LIGHT CONDITION
80%
74%
60%
40%
21%
20%
Daylight
Dark ­
Lighted
Roadway
0%
0%
0%
0%
Dark ­
Roadway
not lighted
Dark ­
unknown
roadway
lighting
Other
Unknown
CRASH WEATHER CONDITION
0%
0%
0%
Unknown
0%
Other
0%
Blowing
sand, snow
0%
Severe
Crosswinds
5%
Fog, Smog,
Smoke
0%
Sleet, Hail,
Freezing
Rain
0%
Snow
89%
Dusk
Rain
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Clear
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
95%
Dawn
Cloudy
0%
5%
0%
CRASH ROAD SURFACE
6%
Dry
Wet
6%
0%
Snow
Ice
0%
0%
Sand, mud, Water
dirt, oil, (standing,
gravel
moving)
0%
0%
0%
Slush
Other
Unknown
CRASH DRIVER AGES
30%
26%
24%
18%
20%
10%
0%
9%
6%
9%
9%
0%
15-20
21-29
Crash Summary Data_Depot Square.xlsx
30-39
40-49
3 of 3
50-59
60-69
70-79
80+
4/1/2013