ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
Route 5/10 at Christian Lane (Whately)
Interstate 91, Exit 24 (Whately)
Interstate 91, Exit 25 (Deerfield)
Towns of Whately and Deerfield
March 2011
Prepared For:
Massachusetts Department of Transportation
Prepared By:
Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Table of Contents
Background ................................................................................................................................. 2
Project Data ................................................................................................................................. 2
Project Location and Description..............................................................................................3
Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements........................................................ 5
Route 5/10 at Christian Lane, Whately ............................................................................................... 5
I-91 Interchange 24 at Route 5/10, Whately...................................................................................... 10
I-91 Interchange 25 at Route 116, Deerfield ..................................................................................... 16
Summary of Road Safety Audit ............................................................................................... 19
List of Appendices
Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Appendix D.
Appendix E.
RSA Meeting Agenda
RSA Audit Team Contact List
Detailed Crash Data
Additional Information
Road Safety Audit References
List of Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Locus Map .............................................................................................................................. 4
Locus Map………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
List of Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Participating Audit Team Members ....................................................................................... 2
Potential Safety Enhancement Summary ............................................................................. 20
Page 1
Background
The three locations included in this Roadway Safety Audit (RSA) have previously been identified as
locations in Franklin County that are eligible for the FHWA Low Cost Fix Intersection Safety Program.
The purpose of an RSA is to identify potential safety issues and possible opportunities for safety
improvements considering all roadway users. The Federal Highway Administration defines a Road Safety
Audit as the formal safety examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent,
multidisciplinary team. For this RSA, the safety audit team includes representatives from the Franklin
Regional Council of Governments (FRCOG); the Massachusetts Department of Transportation
(MassDOT), the Massachusetts State Police (Northampton and Shelburne Falls Barracks), the Town of
Whately (Police Department, Public Works Department, and Town Administrator), the Town of Deerfield
(Town Administrator and Fire and Public Works Departments), and Stantec. Stantec’s role is to facilitate
the meetings, compile the team’s observations and ideas to improve safety, and effectively outline the
team’s program for safety improvement.
Project Data
The three locations in Deerfield audited on March 7, 2011 are:
•
Route 5/10 at Christian Lane in Whately;
•
Interstate I-91 Interchange 24 in Whately; and
•
Interstate I-91 Interchange 25 in Deerfield.
The RSA was initiated through FRCOG, the Towns of Whately and Deerfield and MassDOT. MassDOT
engaged Stantec as the facilitator, and FRCOG scheduled the audit. The Invitation and Agenda are
included in Appendix A. The participating team members and their affiliations are listed in Table 1, and
their contact information is provided in Appendix B. MassDOT collected crash data from their records
and requested copies of those and any additional crash records from the Whately and Deerfield Police
Departments. This information was compiled by MassDOT and furnished to the team in advance of the
audit. This crash data is provided in Appendix C. An audit includes a field visit to each location
“sandwiched” between meetings. One meeting started the day, noting all safety related observations.
Another meeting immediately followed the site visits. At this second meeting, the team’s thoughts on
safety measures to mitigate the safety issues were recorded. Aerial photos were useful in focusing the
team’s attention to individuals’ points.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Lynn Sibley
Sgt James Mc Kenna
William O’Connell
Stacy Metzger
Harold Eaton, Jr.
Lisa Schletzbaum
Agency/Affiliation
Whately Town Administrator
State Police - Northampton Barrack
State Police - Shelburne Barrack
Franklin Regional Council of Governments
Deerfield Highway
MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section
Page 2
Audit Team Member
Bonnie Polin
John Hillman
Daryl J. Amaral
Bao Lang
James Serigne
Bernard Kubiak
Tom Currier
Michael Wozniakewicz
Keith Bardwell
David DeBaie
Agency/Affiliation
MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section
MassDOT – District 2 Traffic
MassDOT – Projects
MassDOT – District 2 Traffic
Whately Police
Deerfield Town Administrator
MassDOT – Project Manager
Deerfield Police
Whately Highway
Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Project Location and Description
This roadway safety audit addresses three locations within the towns of Whately and Deerfield, including
two Interstate -91 interchanges and one isolated intersection on Route 5/10. These are:
• In Whately, Route 5/10 at Christian Lane;
• In Whately, Interchange 24 at Route 5/10; and
• In Deerfield, Interchange 25 at Route 116.
Route 5/10 is classified as a Rural Major Collector in Whately and as an Urban Principal Arterial in
Deerfield; it generally operates in a north-south orientation in the study area. In Whately, Route 5/10 lays
parallel to and west of Interstate 91, except where it crosses I-91 and forms Interchange 24. Route 116 is
also classified as an Urban Principal Arterial within the study area in Deerfield from Route 5/10 to
Whately Road including Interchange 25. Route 116 west of Whately Road is classified as a Rural major
Collector; it has an alignment through the study area that is east-west as it crosses I-91 and forms
Interchange 25. These locations are shown on the locus maps in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Route 5/10 is under MassDOT jurisdiction and the speed limit in both directions is 45 mph through the
Christian Lane intersection. Christian Lane is under the jurisdiction of the Town of Whately. Within the
area of Interchange 24, the speed limit on Route 5/10 is 35 mph. Route 116 is under the jurisdiction of
MassDOT. The speed limit on Route 116 through the Interchange 25 area is 40 mph.
Page 3
Figure 1.
Locus Map
Page 4
Audit Observations and Potential Safety
Enhancements
Route 5/10 at Christian Lane, Whately
Observations
Christian Lane is a two-lane, Town-owned roadway
located about two miles south of the Interstate 91
Interchange 24. From its intersection with Route 5/10,
Christian Lane runs east to River Road and west to
Whately Center. The land use along Christian Lane is a
mix of residential, agricultural and commercial uses.
Yankee Candle Inc. operates a manufacturing plant to the
east of the intersection. RSA team members noted that fifty
or more employees arrive at the intersection after shifts end
at 2:00 PM and 10:00 PM. And, after this surge of vehicles
arrives, the resultant queue requires 15 to 20 minutes to
dissipate. Use of the Castaway Club parking lot as a rightturn route somewhat relieves this queue condition, but may
present additional safety concerns.
The land use immediately adjacent to the intersection
includes a residential property on the northwest corner and
a club, Castaway Club, on the northeast corner. On the
south half of the intersection, the land is undeveloped as it
is affected by the Great Swamp Brook, which passes within a culvert from north to south under Christian
Lane east of the intersection and similarly passes from east to west under Route 5/10 immediately south
of the intersection. There is dense vegetation on the south quadrants. On the northeast corner, a parking
lot is built to the property line and a two-foot high curved wall is built along the edge of the parking lot
and offset from the roadway by approximately three to five feet.
Both Christian Lane and Route 5/10 are striped with
yellow center lines and white edge lines. The markings on
Christian Lane are worn. The paved shoulder on Christian
Lane is 1 to 2 feet wide or less, and on Route 5/10, the
paved shoulder is 2 to 4 feet wide. Christian Lane is
STOP-sign-controlled with painted stop lines. On the
southeast corner there are two post supported two-way,
single-lens flashing beacons. One of the beacons flashes a
red indication toward both Christian Lane approaches; the
other beacon flashes a yellow indication toward the Route
5/10 approaches. All of the lenses are 12 inches. RSA
participants noted that the height and location of these
beacons limit their visibility.
Photo A1 - Northbound Approach South of
Intersection
Page 5
On Route 5/10, the posted speed limit approximately 1 mile north of the intersection is 50 mph and the
speed limit is reduced to 45 mph through the intersection. The straight alignment of Route 5/10
accommodates passing zones, which include two-way and one-way passing farther from the intersection.
A southbound no-passing zone begins a short distance north of the intersection and a northbound nopassing zone begins just south of the intersection.
Pavement markings indicate passing is allowed
immediately north of the intersection for northbound traffic
and to the south for southbound traffic.
There are two driveways to the residence on the northwest
corner. One is on Route 5/10 and the other is on Christian
Lane. Both are about 150 feet from the intersection. The
club on the northeast corner is served by three driveways.
One is on Christian Lane about 100 feet east of the
intersection; the other two are on Route 5/10 about 60 and
120 feet from the intersection.
Blue Tourist Oriented Directional (TOD) signs are posted
on the Route 5/10 approaches to this intersection. Both
Photo A1 - Whately Inn Sign on Southeast
signs identify QUONQUONT FARMS and THE
Corner
WHATELY INN with directional arrows to the west. At
the intersection there is an older directional sign within the right of way indicating Christian Lane and
destinations, River Road and Whately Center, with directional arrows. In addition, there is a two-sided
private sign on private property on this southeast corner that advertises the Whately Inn (Photo A1). This
private sign is much larger than the older directional sign.
Its location is out of the normal view of traffic traveling
southbound and the directional arrow would be
imperceptible for drivers traveling at the 45 mph speed
limit on Route 5/10. There is no roadway lighting within
the intersection area; neon signs at the Castaway Club
provide some reference at night.
Sight distance restrictions exist for Christian Lane traffic
and to a lesser extent for Route 5/10. From the east and
west drivers entering Route 5/10 are influenced by dips in
the Route 5/10 roadway both north and south of the
intersection. The sight of oncoming vehicles is not likely
completely lost but affected by the dips. Westbound
drivers on Christian Lane must look a little farther to the
right than normal to see the stop sign that is located half
Photo A2 - Looking South from West Approach
way through the larger corner curve that can
accommodate right-turning trucks. The sight distance looking from the west to the south is restricted by
the positions of the route name signs and the “Adopt a Highway” sign. Vegetation in the southern
quadrants of the intersection can block views to and from the south (Photo A2). RSA team members
noted that due to the lack of advanced warning, high travel speeds, and small street name signs the
intersection is difficult to identify in advance.
Page 6
The crash pattern at this intersection indicates that more crashes occur involving southbound traffic (4 of
8) than northbound (1 of 8). More crashes involve westbound traffic (3 of 8) than eastbound (2 of 8). One
crash was reported involving a car turning south from the parking lot on the northeast corner.
Safety Enhancements
1. To reduce the vehicle speeds on Route 5/10 through the intersection, eliminate the passing zones
immediately north (northbound) and south (southbound) of intersection.
2. Install dynamic speed feedback board to
reduce the vehicle speeds on Route 5/10.
3. Install intersection ahead warning signs on
southbound and northbound approaches.
4. Add Christian Lane street name plaque below
intersection ahead warning signs.
5. Replace street name signs with larger lettering
on both northwest and southeast corners.
6. OPTION A (Recommended-Low Cost Fix) Replace post supporting two-way beacon
(advising Christian Lane traffic) with taller 10
foot post. (Photo A3). Remove and relocate
two-way beacon (advising Route 5/10 traffic)
to the northwest corner and replace support
with taller 10 foot post.
Photo A3 - Beacons on Southwest Corner
7. OPTION B - Replace two existing post
mounted two-way beacons with mast-arm­
mounted four-way beacon.
8. Cutback vegetation on southeast corner.
9. Relocate route marker and Adopt–A-Highway
signs approximately 250 feet south of existing
location to right of southbound roadway south
of the intersection (Photo A2).
10. Remediate dips in Route 5/10 north and south
of intersection.
Photo A4 - Old Destination Sign on Southeast
Corner
11. Work with sign owners to augment arrow on two-sided Whately Inn sign on private property.
12. Affirm blue Tourist Oriented Destination sign locations on both Route 5 /10 approaches with
texts, QUONQUONT FARMS and THE WHATELY INN FINE DINING, are not “cluttered out”
by other signs.
Page 7
13. Replace sign and leaning post on southeast corner with a larger sign. (Photo A4)
14. Move STOP sign on westbound approach
from curve closer to point of roadway
curvature. (Photo A5)
15. Repaint centerline markings on Christian
Lane.
16. Install STOP ahead warning signs on both
eastbound and westbound approaches.
Photo A5 - STOP Sign on Westbound Approach
Page 8
Figure 2.
Locus Map
Page 9
I-91 Interchange 24 at Route 5/10, Whately
Observations
Interstate-91 ( I-91) Interchange 24 provides partial access/egress between I-91 and Route 5/10 in
Whately. The interchange ramps provide for all off and on movements except the northbound movement
onto Interstate 91 from Route 5/10. The ramp configuration is similar to a diamond-type interchange;
however, the southbound off ramp is about 200 feet west of the southbound onramp and there is no
northbound on ramp. The RSA team evaluated crash histories at five conflict areas including three ramp
intersections with Route 5/10 and the interstate highway ramp diverge and merge areas. Specifically,
these five conflict areas are:
•
Interchange 24 I-91 northbound off ramp intersection with Route 5/10;
•
Interchange 24 I-91 southbound on ramp intersection with Route 5/10;
•
Interchange 24 I-91 southbound off ramp intersection with Route 5/10;
•
Interchange 24 I-91 northbound off ramp diverge from I-91 mainline; and
•
Interchange 24 I-91 southbound on ramp merge onto I-91 mainline.
Observation and potential enhancements at Interchange 24 are listed and discussed with respect to these
five conflict areas.
Interchange 24 I-91 Northbound Off Ramp Intersection with Route 5/10
The northbound off ramp approaches Route 5/10 at an
angle of approximately 45 degrees. Within 150 feet of
the intersection, the ramp bends toward Route 5/10 and
intersects at a 70 degree angle. A STOP sign is located
on the west side of the northbound off ramp approach
and the stop line is faded. The curvature of the ramp is
marked by four chevrons. There appear to be too many
chevrons for the short length of curve as at least one
chevron is obscured by another to drivers approaching
on the ramp.
When being used by passenger vehicles, the northbound
off ramp approach operates as a two lane approach.
Drivers turning right often perform a rolling stop. There
is a significant truck volume on this ramp including an
increment bound for the truck stop just west of the
interchange. Trucks turning left must keep to the far
right of the ramp in order to make the turn. In doing so,
there can be sufficient width to enable an auto to pull up
to the stop line alongside the truck much like when left and right turning autos approach the intersection.
This auto driver maneuver alongside the truck can go unnoticed by the truck driver navigating the left
Page 10
turn and the auto driver’s sight line to the right is
blocked by the truck. The sight distance for the driver
of an auto turning left onto Route 5/10 is also
restricted by the vertical curve of the roadway on the
bridge over I-91 and the bridge rail (Photo B1). All
contributes to an unsafe condition.
An RSA team member reported that the guiderail
opposite this ramp has historically been frequently
damaged by vehicles unable to stop in advance of the
intersection. On the other side of the guiderail there
are a large number of signs to points of interest and
destinations. Finding a particular destination can be
time consuming. RSA participants reported that during Photo B1 - Sight Distance from NB Off Ramp to
South
foliage and ski seasons queues regularly extend back
beyond the ramp and onto the mainline shoulder.
The crash pattern at this northbound off ramp
intersection indicates 6 of 10 recorded crashes were
rear-end type with three involving right turn and three
left turns. Out of 10 crashes, 2 involved right-turn
vehicle sideswipes.
Safety Enhancements
1. Repaint stop line.
2. Increase left-side edge line offset to better
position trucks and prevent vehicles from
pulling up to the stop line alongside left
turning trucks. Check to confirm restriping
does not impact trucks turning right.
Photo B2 - Destination Signs Opposite NB Off
Ramp
3. As a long term consideration, widen and
reconfigure to provide right turn lane on
northbound off ramp.
4. Evaluate /construct signalized control of ramp
intersection and coordinate with adjacent
traffic signal.
5. Evaluate the cluster of wayfaring signs (Photo
B2). Determine if signs can be more
effectively positioned or grouped.
6. Evaluate signing along ramp. (Photo B3 &
B4). Assess possible elimination of some
Photo B3 - NB Off Ramp Signing
Page 11
signs. Affirm inability to relocate guide signs
from intersection onto the ramp due to the
potential clustering effect. Evaluate
supplementing speed advisory sign at ramp
entry with speed advisory plaques under
possible left/right pairing of left turning
roadway warning signs. Also evaluate left /right
pairing STOP Ahead warning sign. Evaluate
larger STOP sign at ramp intersection with
Route 5/10.
Photo B4 Northbound Offramp Entry
Interchange 24 I-91 Southbound On Ramp Intersection with Route 5/10
The southbound I-91 on-ramp intersection with Route 5/10 includes separate points of access for
eastbound and westbound approaches. These two access
points are separated by approximately 120 feet and
merge about 150 feet from Route 5/10. There is no
YIELD sign on either of the ramp access roadways
upstream of/at their merge. Route 5 /10 westbound left
turns can be heavy at times and may result in vehicle
queues of five to six cars. A member of the RSA team
identified that sideswipe crashes do occur when a
westbound driver continuing through attempts to pass a
waiting left-turn vehicle by using the shoulder.
There were to (2) crashes at this location. These crashes
point to driver inattention as a possible cause. In one
crash, a driver was turning left onto the ramp and was
stuck by a vehicle traveling southbound. The other
reported crash involved a left-turning vehicle attempting
to use the right-turn access to the ramp and striking a
fixed object. Some drivers’ orientation may be
influenced by the interchange configuration where the
southbound off-ramp and on-ramp are separated.
Safety Enhancements
1. Install trailblazer signs with Interstate Shield and I-91 South plaques on the island to better mark
and guide the use of the ramp for westbound drivers looking left to the ramp and the approaching
traffic.
Page 12
2. Consider complementing the existing
destination sign for southwest bound drivers
which is in the immediate proximity of the
ramp (Photo B5), with an I-91 South Shield
with Arrow signage approximately 200 feet to
the east (on the north side of Route 5/10) for
westbound traffic.
3. Install YIELD sign on curved ramp roadway
serving those who entered the ramp from Route
5/10 eastbound to effect yielding to the higher
volume on the straight ramp serving those
entering from Route 5/10 westbound.
Photo B5 - Signing for SB On Ramp
4. Consider installing YIELD signs on both sides of the curved roadway to assure visibility. If sight
distance remains inadequate, install YIELD AHEAD warning sign at entry of ramp.
5. Evaluate warrants for left turn lane; if warranted, construct left turn lane on Route 5/10.
I-91 Southbound Off Ramp Intersection with Route 5/10
The southbound I-91 off ramp intersection with Route 5/10 is located about 200 feet west of the
southbound on ramp. The Route 5/10 roadway includes a
single through lane and 8-10 foot shoulder in both
directions. The single lane off ramp intersection includes
an ample radius to accommodate right turns and left
turns. The width of the ramp at the intersection is wide
and can accommodate both left and right turning
vehicles; however, this has not been a concern.
There are two crash records at this intersection. One
crash involved a left-turning vehicle that struck an object
on the opposite side of Route 5/10. The other crash
involved a right-turning vehicle that crashed into a fixed
object on the right side of the ramp. RSA participants
noted recent clearing of vegetation. There was some
discussion about the stop line location; however, it
appears to be OK where it is.
Safety Enhancements
•
No safety enhancements identified for this location.
Page 13
Interchange 24 I-91 Northbound Off Ramp Diverge
from Interstate I-91 Mainline
Within the study area, the I-91 northbound roadway includes two
through travel lanes, a narrow left-side shoulder, and a wider rightside shoulder. In advance of the Exit 24 off ramp, the shoulder
narrows to less than the right side width as the ramp width transitions
from zero to full width. The critical aspect of the through roadwayramp roadway geometry is the imperceptible curvature of the through
roadway to the left and the tangential alignment of the ramp to the
through roadway curve. It is very likely that occasionally a driver will
not recognize the ramp, “hug” the right edge line, and drive at
highway speeds onto the ramp.
The crash pattern at this northbound off ramp diverge area indicates
three rear-end crashes (3 of 6), including one three-vehicle crash, two
run-off-road and hit–fixed-object (2 of 6) crashes, and one collision
with a large animal.
Safety Enhancements
1. Paint dotted line (3 foot long lines with 9 foot spaces) along
the right edge of the mainline right travel lane across ramp
opening to increase awareness of ramp.
2. Evaluate signing on off ramp.
3. Evaluate transverse rumble strip on ramp.
Interchange 24 I-91 Southbound on Ramp Merge
onto I-91 Mainline
The southbound on ramp merge onto the interstate highway includes
120 feet of full width lane delineated by three broken white lines and
750 feet of tapered acceleration lane. Less than 1000 feet downstream,
the access to the rest area begins with a 400-foot taper to a full width
lane. The I-91 mainline consists of two lanes through this area.
The crash record at this merge area consists of seven records. Three of
these involve vehicles on the mainline running off the left side of the
highway. One involves a sideswipe of a vehicle in the left lane. These
four crashes (4 of 7) appear to be reactions to vehicles in the right lane
or perhaps to vehicles that attempt to enter the through lanes before
traveling very far in the acceleration lane. The other crashes (3 of 7)
include rear-end types involving one record of two vehicles on the
ramp prior to the acceleration lane and two records of rear-end crashes
Photo B6 - I-91 Lanes South of Exit 24
Page 14
in the acceleration lane.
Safety Enhancements
1. Evaluate need for the rest area located just south of the ramp merge.
2. Evaluate acceleration lane extended through to deceleration lane into rest area which would
effectively create a three-lane weave area between the off ramp and the rest area (Photo B6).
Page 15
I-91 Interchange 25 at Route 116 (Conway Road), Deerfield
Observations
Interstate 91 Interchange 25 in Deerfield lies north of Interchange 24 in Whately. Interchange 25 is also a
partial interchange that provides northbound access and southbound egress. The RSA team reviewed and
visited the two ramp intersections with Route 116 and also discussed the off ramp diverge from the
interstate highway and the onramp merge area. Essentially four conflicts areas were audited:
•
Interchange 25 Southbound Off Ramp Intersection with Route 116;
•
Interchange 25 Northbound On Ramp intersection with Route 116;
•
Interchange 25 Southbound Off Ramp Diverge from the I-91 Mainline; and
•
Interchange 25 Northbound On Ramp Merge with the I-91 Mainline.
A summary of the audit discussion is provided in regard to these conflict areas of Interchange 25.
Interchange 25 Southbound Off Ramp Intersection with Route 116
At Interchange 25, Route 116 operates as a two-lane
roadway with 8-10 foot shoulders. The Route 116
roadway rises toward the bridge over Interstate 91 from
both directions. At the southbound off ramp intersection
the eastbound approach is uphill and the westbound
approach is downhill. The speed limit on Route 116 is 40
mph west of I-91.
Speeds on the southbound off ramp are high, in part due
to its straight alignment and relatively short length. There
are no advisory speeds posted on the ramp. Southbound
traffic from Interstate-91 enters Route 116 as left or right
turn from separate lanes. The lanes are separated by a
triangular shaped raised island. Both lefts and rights are
under STOP sign control. Sight distance is inadequate
from the left turn lane stop line and mitigated somewhat
by pulling forward of the stop line; however, as RSA
team members note, many drivers are not comfortable
with the sight distance due to the speed of westbound
traffic. This discomfort prompts drivers to quickly accelerate after seeing no westbound vehicles. This
may have contributed to the rear end crash on this approach. From the right turn lane the sight distance is
less restricted due to the additional 120 feet afforded by the separation of the left and right lanes on this
ramp. Vegetation on the left side of the left turn lane can influence sight distance.
In general the Interchange 24 and Interchange 25 ramps are complementary without duplication. This
southbound off ramp is the exception as there is also a southbound off ramp at Interchange 24. Both
ramps serve as access to the University of Massachusetts during peak traffic demand periods.
Page 16
Crash records at this intersection indicate most of the
crashes involve vehicles in the left turn lane (4of 6).
Of these, one vehicle went off the road to the left. This
is attributable to an icy road condition. An RSA team
member identified that the catch basin on this
northeast corner of the intersection gets blocked. One
of the crashes was a rear-end at the stop line and two
were angle-type crashes involving westbound
vehicles.
Safety Enhancements
1. Move stop line forward on the left turn
approach (Photo C1).
Photo C1 - Southbound Off Ramp Stopline
2. Clear vegetation on northeast corner.
3. Evaluate adding transverse rumble strip to slow ramp traffic.
4. Add advisory speed sign on ramp.
5. Clear catch basin during late fall and winter.
6. Relocate the 40 MPH speed limit sign to the west of the southbound ramp.
Interchange 25 Northbound On Ramp
Intersection with Route 116
Eastbound and westbound traffic on Route 116 enters
the northbound I-91 on ramp via separate access
points. These access points and travel lanes are
approximately 100 feet apart along Route 116 and
merge about 90 to 120 feet from Route 116. The
curved ramp access lane serving vehicles entering
from the westbound Route 116 roadway is controlled
by a YIELD sign; however, as RSA team member
points out this regulation is frequently ignored.
There is no crash record at the northbound on ramp
intersection with Route 116.
Safety Enhancements
1. Install YIELD sign on the lesser volume lane which
serves eastbound left turns onto the ramp where the two access lanes merge onto the ramp. The heavier
volume right turn vehicles would be required to yield.
Page 17
Interchange 25 Southbound Off Ramp Diverge
from the I-91 Mainline
This ramp is straight and relatively short after the diverge from
the mainline. RSA team discussion concerned speeds on the
ramp. No crash records regarding this conflict area (left side of
image).
Safety Enhancements
1. Post an advisory speed limit on the ramp entry.
Interchange 25 Northbound On Ramp Merge
with the I-91 Mainline
The northbound on ramp merge with the Interstate -91 highway
mainline (right side of image) includes approximately 760 feet
of acceleration lane and taper beyond the painted/concrete
paved gore. The taper length is 280 feet. There is no striping
beyond the gore area. A member of the RSA team identified
that drivers occasionally will stop near the gore to look
upstream to determine if vehicles are coming. Vegetation
reduces the visibility back onto the highway.
In the absence of lane markings along the acceleration lane
beyond the gore, drivers may not recognize that the acceleration
lane is sufficient to avoid stopping and looking back up the
mainline.
There are no crash records for the 2008-2010 period at this
conflict area.
Safety Enhancements
1. Evaluate application of acceleration lane markings including
a solid white line for a short distance past the theoretical gore
and broken white lane line (10 foot lines and 30 foot spaces)
for a combined total of 380 feet of marked acceleration lane.
2. Conduct tree removal back from the gore along the
northbound on ramp to enhance sight distance for merging
traffic in advance of the acceleration lane.
Photo C2 - I-91 Auxiliary Highway Lanes
North of Exit 25
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Summary of Road Safety Audit
Each safety issue and potential safety enhancement discussed during the audit has been listed in the
following Table 2. For each safety issue, the potential safety enhancement is described; its potential
safety payoff is estimated based on the percentage of crashes that would potentially be influenced per the
groupings shown below. The estimated time frame for completion is stated with respect to groupings
shown below, as is the estimated construction cost. The responsible agency is also listed. MassDOT is the
default entry given its jurisdiction, but responsibility is subject to any existing or future maintenance
agreements with the Towns of Deerfield and Whately. There are no known conceptual design plans in
progress for these locations; otherwise the potential safety enhancements that have been incorporated into
the design would be identified.
Safety payoff estimates are subjective and may be based on the relative percent of crashes that may be
reduced by the enhancements based on known and documented crash reduction factors, if available, or
estimated crash reduction based on a stated source [for example, low (<30%), medium (31% to 70%), and
high (>71%)]. The time frame is categorized as short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1 to 3 years), or longterm (>3 years). The costs are categorized as low (<$10,000), medium ($10,001 to $50,000), or high
(>$50,001).
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Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Table 2.
Potential Safet
Location
y Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Potential Safety Enhancement
Vehicle speeds on Rte 5/10
exceed posted speed limit
(45 mph)
Eliminate the passing zones immediately north
(northbound) and south (southbound) of intersection.
Install dynamic speed feedback board.
Install intersection ahead warning sign on
southbound and northbound approaches.
Add Christian Lane street name plaque below
warning signs.
Replace street name signs with larger lettering on
both northwest and southeast corners.
Modify Beacon – OPTION A (Recommended Low
Cost Fix) - Replace supports with 10 foot posts and
relocate two-way beacon advising Route 5/10 traffic
to NW corner. Check foundations.
Modify Beacon – OPTION B - Replace two existing
post mounted two-way beacons with mast-arm­
mounted four-way beacon.
Cut back vegetation on southeast corner.
Relocate route marker and adopt a highway signs
approximately 250 feet south of existing location to
right of southbound roadway south of the
intersection.
Remediate dips in Route 5 / 10 north and south of
intersection.
Work with sign owers to augment arrow on two-sided
Whately Inn sign on private property.
Affirm blue Tourist Oriented Destination sign
locations on both Route 5 /10 approaches for
QUONQUONT FARMS and THE WHATELY INN
FINE DINING are not “cluttered out” by other signs.
Intersection identification
Route 5/10 at
Christian Lane
Sight distance from minor
approaches
Wayfinding signing
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible
Agency
mid
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
mid-term
mid
MassDOT
mid
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
long-term
high
MassDOT
low
mid-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
Page 20
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Table 2. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Location
(Continued)
Route 5 /10 at
Christian Lane
Safety Issue
Potential Safety Enhancement
Wayfinding signing
Replace sign and leaning post on southeast corner
with larger sign. Christian Lane
To Whately Center →
← To River Road
STOP sign visibility on
westbound approach
Worn pavement markings
Move STOP sign on westbound approach from curve
closer to point of roadway curvature.
Repaint centerline markings on Christian Lane.
Wide undefined approach
Interstate 91
Interchange 24
in Whately
Northbound
Off Ramp
at Rte 5 /10
Interchange 24
Northbound
Off Ramp
Diverge
Repaint stop line.
Increase left side edge line offset to better position
trucks and prevent vehicles from pulling up to the
“Stuck” left turning trucks
stop line alongside left turning trucks. Confirm
restriping does not impact trucks turning right.
Widen and reconfigure to provide right turn lane.
Evaluate/construct signalized control of ramp
Queuing back past gore
intersection; coordinate with adjacent traffic signal.
Evaluate the cluster of wayfaring signs. Determine if
signs can be more effectively positioned or grouped.
Evaluate signing along ramp; assess elimination of
some signs. Affirm inability to relocate guide signs
from intersection onto the ramp due to the potential
Vehicles crash into guide rail clustering effect. Evaluate supplementing speed
on far side of Route 5/10
advisory sign at ramp entry with speed advisory
roadway
plaques under possible left/right pairing of left turning
roadway warning signs. Also evaluate left / right
pairing STOP Ahead warning sign. Evaluate larger
STOP sign at ramp intersection with Route 5 /10.
Paint dotted (3' long with 9' spaces) edge line along
Drivers mistake ramp as thru right lane across ramp to increase ramp awareness.
highway and maintain high
Evaluate signing on off ramp.
speed
Evaluate transverse rumble strip on ramp.
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible
Agency
low
short-term
low
MassDOT –
install;
Town of Whately
- maintain
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
Town of Whately
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
mid
long-term
high
MassDOT
mid
long-term
high
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
low
short-term
mid-term
low
low
MassDOT
MassDOT
Page 21
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Table 2.
Potential Safet
Location
y Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Potential Safety Enhancement
Install trailblazer signs with Interstate Shield and I-91
South plaques in back of “Enter Here” sign.
Install YIELD sign on curved ramp roadway to effect
yielding to the higher volume entering from the east.
No YIELD sign where entry Install YIELD signs on both sides of the curved
points merge
roadway to assure visibility. If sight distance is
inadequate, install YIELD AHEAD warning sign at
entry of ramp.
Thru traffic delayed by
Evaluate warrants for left turn lane; if warranted,
queued left turns
construct left turn lane.
Evaluate need for the rest area located just south of
Short acceleration lane due the ramp merge versus extended acceleration lane.
to entry to rest area results
Evaluate acceleration lane extended through to
in avoidance maneuvers and deceleration lane into rest area which would
crashes
effectively create a three-lane weave area between
the off ramp and the rest area.
Mistaken entry point
Interchange 24
Southbound
On Ramp
at Rte 5/10
Interchange 24
Southbound
On Ramp
Merge
Interchange 24
Southbound
On Ramp Merge
none
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible
Agency
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
long-term
high
MassDOT
high
short-term
mid
MassDOT
high
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
short-term
low
MassDOT
low
low
low
short-term
short-term
short-term
low
low
low
MassDOT
MassDOT
MassDOT
none
Move stop line forward on the left turn approach.
Interstate 91
Interchange 25
in Deerfield
Southbound
Off Ramp
at Route 116
Safety
Payoff
Limited sight distance to east Clear vegetation on the northeast corner.
toward bridge
Relocate the 40 MPH speed limit sign to west of the
southbound ramp.
Evaluate transverse rumble strip to slow ramp traffic.
High speed on ramp
Add advisory speed plaque on ramp.
Ice on northeast corner
Clear catch basin during late fall and winter.
Page 22
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Table 2.
Potential Safet
y Enhancement Summary
Location
Safety Issue
Potential Safety Enhancement
Interchange 25
Southbound
Off Ramp
Diverge
High speed on ramp
Post an advisory speed sign at the ramp entry.
Interchange 25
Northbound
On Ramp
at Route 116
Remove YIELD sign from ramp serving westbound
Route 116 vehicles. Post YIELD sign on “straight”
Confusing YIELD condition.
ramp serving vehicles from Route 116 eastbound for
yield to heavier volume.
Interchange 25
Northbound
On Ramp
Merge
Evaluate application of acceleration lane markings
including a solid white line for a short distance past
the theoretical gore and broken white lane line (10
Unreported crashes and
foot lines and 30 foot spaces) for a combined total of
drivers stopping where ramp 380 feet of marked acceleration lane.
enters highway
Clear vegetation back from gore along the
northbound ramp to enhance sight distance when
approaching the acceleration lane.
•
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible
Agency
*
short-term
low
MassDOT
*
short-term
low
MassDOT
*
short-term
low
MassDOT
*
short-term
low
MassDOT
No crashes reported
Page 23
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda
Page 24
The Massachusetts Department of
Transportation (MassDOT) and the Franklin
Regional Council of Governments (FRCOG)
Cordially invite you to participate in a
Road Safety
Audit
Your participation in the Road Safety
Audit (RSA) is critical to the process
The Federal Highway Administration defines a Road Safety Audit
(RSA) as the formal safety examination of an existing or future road
or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. The
purpose of a RSA is to identify potential safety issues and possible
opportunities for safety improvements considering all roadway
users. RSA participants should include representatives from the
FRCOG, and MassDOT as well as representatives from local police,
fire, and Department of Public Works.
Monday, March 7th, 2011
9:00 AM – 1:30 PM
Three intersections will be the focus of the RSA in Deerfield and
Whately and consist of the following:
 Route 5/10 at Christian Lane (Whately);
 Interstate 91, Exit 24 (Whately); and
 Interstate 91, Exit 25 (Deerfield).
These three intersections have previously been identified as
hazardous locations in Franklin County. The RSA will consist of a
review of crash data and trends, existing roadway volumes, an onsite visit and conclude with a working session. Design improvements
identified through this process may be eligible to receive grant
funding for implementation.
Please R.S.V.P. to Stacy Metzger at smetzger@frcog.org
or call (413) 774-1194 x109
Road Safety Audit
Deerfield & Whately, MA
Meeting Location: South Deerfield Fire Station
84 Greenfield Road, Deerfield, MA
Monday, March 7th, 2011
9:00 AM – 1:30 PM
Type of meeting:
Hazardous Locations – Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
9:00 AM
Welcome and Introductions
9:15 AM
Review of Site Specific Material
 Crash & Volume Summaries– provided in advance
 Existing Geometries and Conditions
 Images and Aerial Photographs
10:15 AM
Visit the Sites
 Visit each of the intersections
o Route 5/10 at Christian Lane (Whately);
o Interstate 91, Exit 24 (Whately); and
o Interstate 91, Exit 25 (Deerfield).
 As a group, identify areas for improvement
12:00 PM
Post Visit Discussion / Completion of RSA
 Discuss observations and finalize findings
 Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
 Lunch and beverages will be provided
1:30 PM
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:
 Before attending the RSA on February 9th, participants are encouraged to visit the
intersections and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List with a focus
on safety.
 All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.
 After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List
Page 25
MassDOT Road Safety Audit - Whately & Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec
Date:
Monday March 7, 2011
Audit Locations:
1 Route 5 / 10 at Christian Lane (Whately)
2 Interstate 91, Exit 24 (Whately)
3 Interstate 91, Exit 25 (Deerfield)
Meeting: South Deerfield Fire Station
84 Greenfield Road
South Deerfield, MA
Particpating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Agency/ Affiliation
E-mail Address
Lynn Sibley
James McKenna
WilliamO'Connell
O Connell
Stacy Metzger
Harold Eaton
Lisa Schletzbaum
Bonnie Polin
John Hillman
Daryl J. Amaral
Bao Lang
James Sevigne
Bernie Kubiak
David DeBaie
Tom Currier
Keith Bardwell
Gary Stokarski
Whately Town Admin
JP Northampton
SP Shelburne
FRCOG
Deerfield Highway
MassDOT Safety
MassDOT Safety
MassDOT - D2 - Traffic
MassDOT - D2 - Projects
Mass DOT
Whately PD
Deerfield Admin
Stantec
MassDOT
Whately Highway
So. Deerfield Fire
tclerk2@comcast.net
jmm1509@yahoo.com
williamoconnell@state.pol
williamo
connell@state.pol
smetzger@frcog.org
lisa.schletzbaum@state.ma.us
bonnie.polin@state.ma.us
johnhillman@state.ma.us
daryl.amaral@state.ma.us
bao.lang@state.ma.us
whatelynpdjs@comcase.net
bkubiak@town.deerfield.ma.vt
ddebaie@stantec.com
thomas.currier@state.ma.us
whatelyhd@comcast.net
sdfd@comcast.net
Phone
Number
413-665-4400
413-584-3000
413 625 6311
413-625-6311
413-774-1194
413-665-2036
617-973-7685
617-973-7991
413-582-0553
413-582-0560
413-582-0547
413-565-0430
413-665-1400 x104
603-206-7533
617-973-7244
413-665-2983
413-665-2313
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data
Page 27
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Page 28
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Page 29
Road Safety Audit—Whately - Deerfield
Prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
Appendix D. Additional Information
Page 30
FRANKLIN REGIONAL COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
425 Main Street, Suite 20, Greenfield, MA 01301-3313
Phone: 413-774-1194 Fax: 413-774-1195
Manual Turning Movement Data - AM Peak Period
Intersection: Routes 5/10/116 - WHATELY
Date: Wednesday May 14th, 2008
Site Code: 337002
Weather: Sunny , Cool (40's)
Counted by: Keith Wilson
CARS + LIGHT TRUCKS
Street Name:
Start Time
7:00 AM
7:15 AM
7:30 AM
7:45 AM
Total
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
8:30 AM
8:45 AM
Total
Grand Total
Apprch %
Total Int %
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
77
32
109
80
38
118
82
56
138
86
55
141
325
181
506
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
24
67
45
51
187
Left
70
83
83
71
307
Approach
Total
94
150
128
122
494
Right
56
86
87
79
308
Thru
52
49
82
106
289
Approach
Total
108
135
169
185
597
Int. Total
311
403
435
448
1597
72
101
92
70
335
56
56
46
43
201
128
157
138
113
536
63
41
67
31
202
73
80
82
59
294
136
121
149
90
496
68
73
77
64
282
102
83
105
93
383
170
156
182
157
665
434
434
469
360
1697
660
63.34%
20.04%
382
36.66%
11.60%
1042
389
39.29%
11.81%
601
60.71%
18.25%
990
590
46.75%
17.91%
672
53.25%
20.40%
1262
3294
HEAVY TRUCKS
Street Name:
Start Time
7:00 AM
7:15 AM
7:30 AM
7:45 AM
Total
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
8:30 AM
8:45 AM
Total
Grand Total
Apprch %
Total Int %
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
2
2
4
6
4
10
2
2
4
2
3
5
12
11
23
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
3
1
4
3
11
Left
1
5
1
1
8
Approach
Total
4
6
5
4
19
Right
2
4
4
1
11
Thru
7
4
6
3
20
Approach
Total
9
8
10
4
31
Int. Total
17
24
19
13
73
3
3
4
2
12
2
2
2
0
6
5
5
6
2
18
7
2
3
1
13
2
2
2
3
9
9
4
5
4
22
5
4
1
5
15
9
7
8
8
32
14
11
9
13
47
28
20
20
19
87
24
58.54%
15.00%
17
41.46%
10.63%
41
24
58.54%
15.00%
17
41.46%
10.63%
41
26
33.33%
16.25%
52
66.67%
32.50%
78
160
CARS + LIGHT TRUCKS + HEAVY TRUCKS
Street Name:
Start Time
7:00 AM
7:15 AM
7:30 AM
7:45 AM
Total
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
8:30 AM
8:45 AM
Total
Grand Total
Apprch %
Total Int %
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
79
34
113
86
42
128
84
58
142
88
58
146
337
192
529
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
27
68
49
54
198
Left
71
88
84
72
315
Approach
Total
98
156
133
126
513
Right
58
90
91
80
319
Thru
59
53
88
109
309
Approach
Total
117
143
179
189
628
Int. Total
328
427
454
461
1670
75
104
96
72
347
58
58
48
43
207
133
162
144
115
554
70
43
70
32
215
75
82
84
62
303
145
125
154
94
518
73
77
78
69
297
111
90
113
101
415
184
167
191
170
712
462
454
489
379
1784
684
63.16%
19.80%
399
36.84%
11.55%
1083
413
40.06%
11.96%
618
59.94%
17.89%
1031
616
45.97%
17.83%
724
54.03%
20.96%
1340
3454
Light Trucks - pickup trucks and UPS/FedEx type trucks
Heavy Trucks - dump trucks, buses, Tractor trailers
SUMMARY OF CARS + LIGHT TRUCKS + HEAVY TRUCKS
Street Name:
Peak Hour
7:45-8:45
Peak 15min
8:30-8:45
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
Left
Approach
Total
Right
Thru
Approach
Total
Int. Total
363
222
585
237
313
550
308
423
731
1866
96
48
144
70
84
154
78
113
191
489
PHF
0.95
1.16
1.02
0.85
0.93
0.89
0.99
0.94
0.96
0.95
% Heavy
Trucks
3.31%
4.05%
3.59%
6.33%
2.24%
4.00%
3.57%
6.38%
5.20%
Rte5-10-116 AM Peak 05-14-08.xls
4.34%
Page 1
FRANKLIN REGIONAL COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
425 Main Street, Suite 20, Greenfield, MA 01301-3313
Phone: 413-774-1194 Fax: 413-774-1195
Manual Turning Movement Data - AM Peak Period
Intersection: Routes 5/10/116 - WHATELY
Date: Wednesday May 14th, 2008
Site Code: 337002
Weather: Sunny , Cool (40's)
Counted by: Keith Wilson
BICYCLES
Street Name:
Start Time
7:00 AM
7:15 AM
7:30 AM
7:45 AM
Total
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
8:30 AM
8:45 AM
Total
Grand Total
Apprch %
Total Int %
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
0
0
0
0
0
Left
0
0
0
0
0
Approach
Total
0
0
0
0
0
Right
0
0
0
0
0
Thru
0
0
1
1
2
Approach
Total
0
0
1
1
2
Int. Total
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.00%
0
0.00%
0
0
0.00%
0
0.00%
0
1
33.33%
33.33%
2
66.67%
66.67%
3
3
PEDSTRIANS
Start Time
7:00 AM
7:15 AM
7:30 AM
7:45 AM
Total
Crossing
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
0
0
0
0
0
Crossing
Route 116--Westbound
0
0
0
0
0
Crossing
Route 5/10--Northbound
0
0
0
0
0
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
8:30 AM
8:45 AM
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Grand Total
0
0
0
0
Rte5-10-116 AM Peak 05-14-08.xls
Int. Total
0
0
0
0
0
Page 2
FRANKLIN REGIONAL COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
425 Main Street, Suite 20, Greenfield, MA 01301-3313
Phone: 413-774-1194 Fax: 413-774-1195
Manual Turning Movement Data - PM Peak Period
Intersection: Routes 5/10/116 - WHATELY
Date: Wednesday May 14th, 2008
Site Code: 337002
Weather: Sunny , Warm (60's)
Counted by: Keith Wilson
CARS + LIGHT TRUCKS
Street Name:
Start Time
4:00 PM
4:15 PM
4:30 PM
4:45 PM
Total
5:00 PM
5:15 PM
5:30 PM
5:45 PM
Total
Grand Total
Apprch %
Total Int %
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
70
33
103
76
33
109
92
55
147
98
53
151
336
174
510
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
62
68
95
87
312
Left
48
49
53
57
207
Approach
Total
110
117
148
144
519
Right
76
91
104
89
360
Thru
83
100
113
87
383
Approach
Total
159
191
217
176
743
Int. Total
372
417
512
471
1772
121
126
88
60
395
72
53
47
42
214
193
179
135
102
609
58
109
57
64
288
79
58
70
36
243
137
167
127
100
531
105
112
100
83
400
85
83
95
64
327
190
195
195
147
727
520
541
457
349
1867
731
65.33%
20.09%
388
34.67%
10.66%
1119
600
57.14%
16.49%
450
42.86%
12.37%
1050
760
51.70%
20.88%
710
48.30%
19.51%
1470
3639
HEAVY TRUCKS
Street Name:
Start Time
4:00 PM
4:15 PM
4:30 PM
4:45 PM
Total
5:00 PM
5:15 PM
5:30 PM
5:45 PM
Total
Grand Total
Apprch %
Total Int %
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
3
2
5
1
0
1
3
1
4
2
1
3
9
4
13
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
0
1
0
1
2
Left
3
2
2
1
8
Approach
Total
3
3
2
2
10
Right
3
5
3
3
14
Thru
3
4
2
4
13
Approach
Total
6
9
5
7
27
Int. Total
14
13
11
12
50
2
4
3
2
11
0
1
0
0
1
2
5
3
2
12
0
1
3
1
5
1
0
1
2
4
1
1
4
3
9
2
2
5
1
10
5
5
0
1
11
7
7
5
2
21
10
13
12
7
42
20
80.00%
21.74%
5
20.00%
5.43%
25
7
36.84%
7.61%
12
63.16%
13.04%
19
24
50.00%
26.09%
24
50.00%
26.09%
48
92
CARS + LIGHT TRUCKS + HEAVY TRUCKS
Street Name:
Start Time
4:00 PM
4:15 PM
4:30 PM
4:45 PM
Total
5:00 PM
5:15 PM
5:30 PM
5:45 PM
Total
Grand Total
Apprch %
Total Int %
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
73
35
108
77
33
110
95
56
151
100
54
154
345
178
523
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
62
69
95
88
314
Left
51
51
55
58
215
Approach
Total
113
120
150
146
529
Right
79
96
107
92
374
Thru
86
104
115
91
396
Approach
Total
165
200
222
183
770
Int. Total
386
430
523
483
1822
123
130
91
62
406
72
54
47
42
215
195
184
138
104
621
58
110
60
65
293
80
58
71
38
247
138
168
131
103
540
107
114
105
84
410
90
88
95
65
338
197
202
200
149
748
530
554
469
356
1909
751
65.65%
20.13%
393
34.35%
10.53%
1144
607
56.78%
16.27%
462
43.22%
12.38%
1069
784
51.65%
21.01%
734
48.35%
19.67%
1518
3731
Light Trucks - pickup trucks and UPS/FedEx type trucks
Heavy Trucks - dump trucks, buses, Tractor trailers
SUMMARY OF CARS + LIGHT TRUCKS + HEAVY TRUCKS
Street Name:
Peak Hour
4:30-5:30
Peak 15min
5:15-5:30
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
Left
Approach
Total
Right
Thru
Approach
Total
Int. Total
448
236
684
351
251
602
420
384
804
2090
130
54
184
110
58
168
114
88
202
554
PHF
0.86
1.09
0.93
0.80
1.08
0.90
0.92
1.09
1.00
0.94
% Heavy
Trucks
2.46%
1.27%
2.05%
0.57%
1.59%
1.00%
2.38%
4.17%
3.23%
Rte5-10-116 PM Peak 05-14-08.xls
2.20%
Page 1
FRANKLIN REGIONAL COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
425 Main Street, Suite 20, Greenfield, MA 01301-3313
Phone: 413-774-1194 Fax: 413-774-1195
Manual Turning Movement Data - PM Peak Period
Intersection: Routes 5/10/116 - WHATELY
Date: Wednesday May 14th, 2008
Site Code: 337002
Weather: Sunny , Warm (60's)
Counted by: Keith Wilson
BICYCLES
Street Name:
Start Time
4:00 PM
4:15 PM
4:30 PM
4:45 PM
Total
5:00 PM
5:15 PM
5:30 PM
5:45 PM
Total
Grand Total
Apprch %
Total Int %
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
Approach
Total
Thru
Left
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Route 116--Westbound
Route 5/10--Northbound
Right
0
0
0
0
0
Left
0
1
0
0
1
Approach
Total
0
1
0
0
1
Right
0
0
0
0
0
Thru
0
1
0
0
1
Approach
Total
0
1
0
0
1
Int. Total
0
2
1
0
3
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
1
5
3
50.00%
37.50%
3
50.00%
37.50%
6
0
0.00%
0.00%
1
100.00%
12.50%
1
0
0.00%
0.00%
1
100.00%
12.50%
1
8
PEDSTRIANS
Start Time
4:00 PM
4:15 PM
4:30 PM
4:45 PM
Total
5:00 PM
5:15 PM
5:30 PM
5:45 PM
Total
Crossing
Route 5/10/116--Southbound
0
0
0
0
0
Crossing
Route 116--Westbound
0
0
0
0
0
Crossing
Route 5/10--Northbound
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Grand Total
0
0
Note: A coupl e of pedestrians were observed walking along the edge of the roadway, but non actually crossed any of the roadways.
Rte5-10-116 PM Peak 05-14-08.xls
Int. Total
0
0
0
0
0
Page 2
Franklin Regional Council of Governments
425 Main Street, Suite 20
Greenfield, MA 01301-3313
Phone: 413-774-1194 (ext 109)
Town
:WHATELY
Counted By :FRCOG
Counter
:TRAX 1 & 2
Other
:FRCOG REQUEST
Start
Time
19-May-08
NB
SB
12:00 AM
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00 PM
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
Total
Day
50
13
29
22
35
26
37
29
87
91
192
174
308
400
568
517
579
580
404
366
382
324
415
349
447
372
451
424
583
515
667
493
638
537
679
588
431
321
262
201
186
155
211
150
149
120
93
50
7883
6817
14700
8:00
8:00
579
580
17:00
17:00
679
588
AM Peak
Vol.
PM Peak
Vol.
Page 1
Functional Class = U3
Location: ROUTE 5/10/116 - 400ft NORTH OF ROUTE 116 [Sunderland Rd]
Tue
NB
Wed
SB
48
23
41
28
20
13
50
39
81
61
163
171
314
390
552
592
669
564
417
372
375
339
469
372
469
395
476
429
573
546
722
540
702
561
638
604
443
331
314
224
257
167
230
133
126
192
104
59
8319
7079
15398
8:00
7:00
669
592
15:00
17:00
722
604
NB
Thu
SB
69
29
40
10
20
12
42
26
72
78
192
191
302
376
578
539
638
602
394
401
418
372
437
358
467
419
506
427
625
535
719
552
648
498
664
619
408
316
275
166
246
148
218
122
195
137
120
56
8293
6989
15282
8:00
8:00
638
602
15:00
17:00
719
619
COMMENTS:
NB - NORTHBOUND
SB - SOUTHBOUND
Notes:
Monday May 26th - Memorial Day Holiday
Friday May 23rd - UMass Graduate Commencement [2:00PM]
Saturday May 24th - UMass Undergraduate Commencement [12:30 - 2:30PM]
NB
Fri
SB
68
23
31
11
33
21
32
22
75
83
191
169
297
389
517
538
642
582
422
387
450
371
482
381
508
430
520
458
605
506
713
551
727
564
680
592
503
335
366
230
228
184
230
168
201
126
117
70
8638
7191
15829
8:00
8:00
642
582
16:00
17:00
727
592
BASIC VOLUME
Number of Axles /2
NB
Station ID: 3370037
Sat
SB
70
39
47
22
51
22
49
34
57
81
198
157
314
383
562
507
639
499
457
466
497
404
515
380
590
448
677
546
742
579
817
597
843
529
801
641
558
356
388
280
299
229
274
182
264
162
207
96
9916
7639
17555
8:00
7:00
639
507
16:00
17:00
843
641
NB
Sun
SB
104
44
67
23
57
34
32
11
41
50
92
72
140
117
197
191
314
297
451
366
645
413
685
466
535
437
534
430
569
452
548
501
588
529
447
435
465
336
294
250
267
189
217
232
177
145
159
87
7625
6107
13732
11:00
11:00
685
466
16:00
16:00
588
529
NB
SB
81
57
62
24
33
14
27
17
16
24
40
49
82
72
155
138
329
159
424
298
412
336
512
371
493
435
530
613
529
620
458
583
452
485
328
401
263
338
274
242
219
154
187
119
103
61
101
59
6110
5669
11779
11:00
11:00
512
371
13:00
14:00
530
620
Weekday Average
NB
SB
61
25
38
19
32
19
42
30
74
79
187
172
307
388
555
539
633
565
419
398
424
362
464
368
496
413
526
457
626
536
728
547
712
538
692
609
469
332
321
220
243
177
233
151
200
134
128
66
8610
7144
15754
8:00
8:00
633
565
15:00
17:00
728
609
Mon 05/19 – Fri 05/23
AWT
15753
SAF
0.91
ACF
0.97
AADT
13900
Franklin Regional Council of Governments
425 Main Street, Suite 20
Town
:WHATELY
Counted By :FRCOG
Counter
:TRAX 3 & 4
Other
:FRCOG REQUEST
Start
Time
19-May-08
EB
WB
12:00 AM
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00 PM
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
Total
Day
27
19
29
20
9
15
21
30
65
73
140
174
366
345
526
524
533
507
376
358
320
297
332
303
366
330
353
355
465
436
500
546
539
462
584
503
346
262
232
198
199
134
173
124
144
105
65
83
6710
6203
12913
8:00
7:00
533
524
17:00
15:00
584
546
AM Peak
Vol.
PM Peak
Vol.
Page 1
Greenfield, MA 01301-3313
Phone: 413-774-1194 (ext 109)
Functional Class = U3
Location: ROUTE 116 - 600ft EAST OF ROUTE 5/10
Tue
EB
Wed
WB
28
29
23
27
11
17
24
28
53
54
146
160
383
336
534
523
546
471
342
372
342
310
363
346
394
358
396
353
498
456
510
563
574
555
654
506
402
344
293
248
208
215
169
153
156
126
77
96
7126
6646
13772
8:00
7:00
546
523
17:00
15:00
654
563
EB
Thu
WB
37
39
19
30
15
14
16
23
47
58
158
171
353
331
529
516
545
518
342
304
357
269
360
325
374
343
401
409
471
464
538
586
576
500
627
547
353
361
247
179
195
167
205
141
163
130
66
94
6994
6519
13513
8:00
8:00
545
518
17:00
15:00
627
586
COMMENTS:
EB - EASTBOUND
WB - WESTBOUND
Notes:
Monday May 26th - Memorial Day Holiday
Friday May 23rd - UMass Graduate Commencement [2:00PM]
Saturday May 24th - UMass Undergraduate Commencement [12:30 - 2:30PM]
EB
Station ID: 3370038
Fri
WB
31
30
23
34
25
40
11
27
60
55
155
172
377
343
537
496
537
537
344
327
342
312
320
331
417
383
373
353
448
463
506
527
607
545
649
543
416
365
281
253
202
168
212
153
150
136
83
89
7106
6682
13788
7:00
8:00
537
537
17:00
16:00
649
545
BASIC VOLUME
Number of Axles /2
EB
Sat
WB
43
37
25
35
21
23
29
39
67
49
141
165
339
331
532
494
510
506
377
353
361
334
376
342
436
388
513
460
514
512
601
582
607
547
604
583
430
381
290
309
248
228
233
200
177
182
108
130
7582
7210
14792
7:00
8:00
532
506
16:00
17:00
607
583
EB
Sun
WB
56
58
32
41
29
25
13
27
47
33
49
66
118
127
202
185
297
258
379
329
474
398
482
420
418
363
419
355
372
376
423
422
428
488
384
406
334
366
288
245
220
237
198
197
141
152
129
110
5932
5684
11616
11:00
11:00
482
420
16:00
16:00
428
488
EB
WB
61
31
26
23
12
50
78
129
168
245
298
303
373
414
396
326
348
340
321
235
178
146
123
98
4722
9192
11:00
303
13:00
414
59
41
12
13
16
35
73
130
171
248
355
360
317
339
412
317
374
242
238
203
191
147
99
78
4470
11:00
360
14:00
412
Weekday Average
EB
WB
33
31
24
29
16
22
20
29
58
58
148
168
364
337
532
511
534
508
356
343
344
304
350
329
397
360
407
386
479
466
531
561
581
522
624
536
389
343
269
237
210
182
198
154
158
136
80
98
7102
6650
13752
8:00
7:00
534
511
17:00
15:00
624
561
Mon 05/19 – Fri 05/23
AWT
13756
SAF
0.91
ACF
0.97
AADT
12100
Appendix E. Road Safety Audit References
Road Safety Audit References
Massachusetts Traffic Safety Toolbox, Massachusetts Highway Department,
www.mhd.state.ma.us/safetytoolbox.
Road Safety Audits: A Synthesis of Highway Practice. NCHRP Synthesis 336. Transportation Research
Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2004.
Road Safety Audits. Institute of Transportation Engineers and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration, www.roadwaysafetyaudits.org.
FHWA Road Safety Audit Guidelines. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration, 2006.
Road Safety Audit, 2nd edition. Austroads, 2000.
Road Safety Audits. ITE Technical Council Committee 4S-7. Institute of Transportation Engineers,
February 1995.