ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
Intersection of West Housatonic Street at Center Street
and Elizabeth Street
City of Pittsfield
FINAL REPORT May 8, 2015
Prepared For:
MassDOT
On Behalf Of:
City of Pittsfield
Prepared By:
Fuss & O’Neill
78 Interstate Drive
West Springfield, MA 01089
Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
Prepared by Fuss & O’Neill, Inc
Table of Contents
Background ........................................................................................... 1
Project Data ........................................................................................... 1
Audit Location and Intersection Description ..................................... 2
Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements ................ 5
Summary of Road Safety Audit ......................................................... 11
List of Appendices
Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Appendix D.
Appendix E.
RSA Meeting Agenda
RSA Audit Team Contact List
Detailed Crash Data
Traffic Volume Figures
Record Plans
List of Figures
Figure 1:
Locus Map......................................................................................................................... 4
List of Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Participating Audit Team Members .................................................................................... 1
Potential Safety Enhancement Summary .......................................................................... 12
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
Prepared by Fuss & O’Neill, Inc.
Background
The City of Pittsfield, Massachusetts has initiated an improvement project for the intersection of
West Housatonic Street (Route 20) at Center Street and Elizabeth Street. This intersection was
listed as being eligible for funding through the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) by
the Berkshire Regional Planning Commission (BRPC). MassDOT has incorporated a Roadway
Safety Audit as a requirement for securing Federal funding (HSIP funds) for safety projects.
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) defines a Road Safety Audit (RSA) as “the
formal safety performance examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an
independent, multidisciplinary team.” It is the task of the RSA team to identify potential safety
issues and offer possible short and long term safety improvements. This report was prepared
consistent with MassDOT’s RSA Guidelines and documents the RSA conducted on April 7,
2015 at the intersection,
The design of traffic signal and intersection improvements is funded by the City of Pittsfield.
Construction will be funded through the MassDOT Transportation Improvement Program. The
project (SP#607900) has been programed for 2016 construction. The project will include the
intersection and approaches of West Housatonic Street, Center Street and Elizabeth Street. The
project is currently under preliminary design and 25% Design plans have not been submitted.
The improvements recommended by this RSA will be incorporated into the planned
reconstruction project to the greatest extent practicable.
Project Data
The audit team conducted an RSA for the intersection of West Housatonic Street and Center
Street/Elizabeth Street in Pittsfield, MA on Tuesday April 7, 2015. The RSA team members met to
review background material, conduct an on-site evaluation, and discuss recommendations. A copy of the
RSA agenda is provided in Appendix A. A list of all participating audit team members, along with
affiliation, is provided in in Table 1 below. The contact information for all audit team members can be
found in Appendix B.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Agency/Affiliation
Mark Cancilla
James McIntyre
Pittsfield Fire Department
Pittsfield Police
John Mullin
Matt Billetter
Clete Kus
John Mastera
Pittsfield Police
Pittsfield DPW
Berkshire Regional Planning Commission
MassDOT
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
Prepared by Fuss & O’Neill, Inc.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members (Continued)
Peter Frieri
MassDOT
Pat Tierney
Michael Fusco
Justin Slettehaugh
William Van Duzer
Dmitriy Mayboroda
MassDOT
MassDOT
MassDOT
Fuss & O’Neill
Fuss & O’Neill
A collision diagram and summary of crash details was prepared for assessing possible safety issues during
the RSA. Crash records for this evaluation were supplied by the Pittsfield Police Department. A copy of
the background data that was given to the audit team members prior to the RSA meeting is included in
Appendix C. Weekday morning and weekday afternoon peak hour traffic volume figures are provided in
Appendix D.
Audit Location and Intersection Description
The intersection of West Housatonic Street at Center Street and Elizabeth Street is located in the City
Pittsfield as shown on the Locus map in Figure1 below. The intersection is currently signalized with
sidewalks on both sides of all four approaches.
West Housatonic Street is designated US Route 20 and serves as the primary arterial highway
for points west of the Downtown Pittsfield area. It is a two lane highway functionally classified
as a principal arterial. At the intersection, the eastbound approach of West Housatonic Street has
an auxiliary left-turn lane. An auxiliary right-turn lane is provided on the westbound approach.
Westbound left turns are prohibited onto Elizabeth Street. The curb-to-curb pavement width on
West Housatonic Street is about 37 feet. There are sidewalks along both sides of the street in the
vicinity of the intersection. On-street parking is not allowed within 200 feet of the intersection.
The posted speed limit is 25 mph at the intersection and increases to 35 mph just west of the
intersection. There is a marked crosswalk on the east approach of West Housatonic Street;
however, no crosswalk is provided across the west approach.
Center Street is designated MA Route 9 and intersects West Housatonic Street on the north side
of the intersection. Center Street is a four lane highway functionally classified as a principal
arterial. Approaching the intersection, the right travel lane is designated as a right-turn only lane.
Center Street has a pavement width of about 50 feet, with sidewalks along both sides of the
street. No speed limit signs are posted on Center Street in the vicinity of the intersection. There is
a marked crosswalk across Center Street at the intersection.
Elizabeth Street intersects West Housatonic Street on the south side of West Housatonic Street.
Elizabeth Street is a two lane roadway classified as a local road. It has a pavement width of about
32 feet. The posted speed limit is 25 mph. Sidewalks are provided along both sides of the street
and there is a marked crosswalk across Elizabeth Street at the intersection with West Housatonic
Street.
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
Prepared by Fuss & O’Neill, Inc.
Intersection History: The last major intersection improvements were completed in the late 1970’s and
included reconstruction on all approaches. The most significant changes were the elimination a fifth leg,
Worthington Street, the improved alignment of the two West Housatonic Street approaches, and new
signal equipment. Recent maintenance at the intersection includes chip sealing Elizabeth Street (2007),
mill and overlay of West Housatonic Street (2010), and mill and overlay of Center Street (2012). Also,
the driveway access to Elizabeth Street from the parcel on the southeast corner of the intersection was
closed (2012). A copy of the relevant record plans for the intersection improvements is included in
Appendix E.
Existing Signal Operation: The signal currently operates with four actuated vehicle phases. The first
phase services the through and right-turn moves on West Housatonic Street concurrently. Under the
second phase, the eastbound protected only left-turn and adjacent through moves are serviced. Center
Street and Elizabeth Street movements are a split phased. An exclusive pedestrian phase is available
upon pushbutton actuation.
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
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Figure 1: Locus Map
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
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Audit Observations and Potential Safety
Enhancements
Based on the field observations of April 7, 2015 and subsequent discussions, the RSA team determined
that the intersection has the following issues that affect safety:






Complexity of the intersection geometry
Worn-out, damaged, and insufficient signage
Unsafe, poorly accessible pedestrian facilities
Confusing lane markings and insufficient queue storage
Obsolete signal equipment and inefficient phasing
Lack of shoulders and bicycle accommodations
Safety Issue: Intersection Geometry
Field observations by the RSA team
members indicated that intersection
geometry may contribute to the occurrence
of crashes at this intersection location:
 West Housatonic Street has a horizontal
curve through the intersection that may
contribute to overlapping vehicle paths
through the intersection.
 The alignment of Center Street is slightly
offset from Elizabeth Street making it
more difficult for motorists to maneuver
safely from one street to another. The
Figure 2: View of Elizabeth Street looking south from Center Street
alignment of the eastbound left-turn
move and the westbound through move of West Housatonic Street do not have an adequate offset of
vehicle paths through the intersection.
 The curb radii are not sufficient for safe heavy vehicle turns, which pressures drivers to encroach the
oncoming traffic. This issue is one of the major concerns for the Pittsfield Police Department at the
intersection.
 West Housatonic Street has a profile downgrade of approximately four percent through the intersection
going from east to west. The Elizabeth Street approach has a downgrade of approximately 6 percent.
Even with this profile, evidence of ponding was noted on the southeast corner of the intersection. A
parking lot, also on the southeast corner, has a paved leak-off discharging directly to the back of the
sidewalk.
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
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 The four percent grade on the west approach to the intersection increases the start-up time for eastbound
heavy vehicles.
 Sight lines and visibility are limited for vehicles
traveling eastbound through the intersection as a result of
the horizontal curve through the intersection and the
roadside cut slope.
Potential Enhancements:
 Improve the alignment geometry of the intersection by
marinating a three-lane section through the intersection.
 Increase the curb radii for truck turning at intersection
corners.
 Maintain an appropriate minimum curve radius on West
Housatonic Street. Begin and end lane shifts outside
intersection and curve.
Figure 3: View of intersection looking east from
the west approach of West Housatonic Street.
 Improve grading in the vicinity of the intersection to avoid water ponding and provide appropriate
drainage.
Safety Issue: Signage
The RSA team noted that several signs are
outdated, broken, or missing:
 Many warning, guide, and parking signs are no
longer retroreflective.
 A guide sign for Route 20 East, which is located
on the west approach of the intersection, is
damaged and requires replacement. One of the
bolts connecting the post and foundation loose.
 A lack of directional signage designating the
truck route was noted.
Figure 4: Guide sign installed on west approach of West
Housatonic Street facing eastbound traffic.
Potential Enhancements:
 Update warning/guide/parking signs to meet current MUTCD standards.
 Replace damaged signs and fix sign posts.
 Provide directional signage for trucks to help identify the preferred truck route.
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
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 Provide adequate offsets between traffic lanes and signs.
 An overhead mounted sign should be considered in the design. A potential option is either an
illuminated or retroreflective street name signs mounted on the mast arms.
Safety Issue: Pedestrian Facilities
The RSA team noticed a number of issues that make the intersection unattractive or even an impediment
to pedestrian users:
 One of the main concerns is the mast arm
foundations, which are located in the middle of the
sidewalk on the southeast and northeast corners.
The equipment layouts do not maintain the
standard 3 foot clear width.
 The bushes on the northeast corner of the
intersection are growing over the sidewalk.
 The sidewalk is cracked and uneven in the vicinity
of the intersection, which presents a trip hazard for
pedestrian users or renders the intersection
inaccessible.
 Only three of the four intersection legs have
marked crosswalks.
Figure 5: Mast arm foundation located at southeast
corner of the intersection
 The pushbuttons are obsolete.
 Steep grades in the vicinity of intersection, clearance widths at signal equipment, and no level landing
areas present obstructions impeding access for persons with disabilities. Some ramps exceed max slope
criteria and direct users into the intersection. Existing sidewalks and ramps do not meet
PROWAG/MAAB standards.
Potential Enhancements:
 Trim the bushes and utilize longer standard mast
arms to open up the sidewalk.
 Repair/replace the sidewalks and redesign ramps
and crosswalks to meet current standards. Ramps
should not be located at the apex of curb radii.
 Add a crosswalk on each approach with updated
APS actuation. Consider diagonal crossing if fourth
crossing cannot be designed to meet grade
Figure 6: Crosswalk and ramp on southwest corner
of Elizabeth Street and West Housatonic Street.
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
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standards.
Safety Issue: Lane Markings and Queue Storage
 Eastbound approach on West Housatonic Street
has significant left-turn demand. However, the
available storage length of the left-turn lane is
insufficient to accommodate typical left-turn
queues. As a result, the through move vehicles are
stopped at the back of the left-turn queue and not
at the stop bar. A significant amount of the leftturn volume is heavy vehicles, which exacerbates
the queue storage issue.
 The tractor trailer trucks have difficulty
maneuvering near the intersection under the
congested conditions due to lane configurations.
 The eastbound vehicles approaching the
intersection are aligned to enter the left-turn lane
Figure 7: Eastbound left-turn lane/through lane queueing
rather than the through lane. Through vehicles are condition.
required to begin shifting to the right
approximately 180 feet from the stop bar. The short taper is in part the result of on-street parking
provided west of the intersection on West Housatonic Street. This issue is probably one of the main
issues attributing to the eastbound approach having the highest number of crashes as the data
demonstrates.
 The existing single lane on the Elizabeth Street approach appears very wide and could accommodate a
left-turn lane. This poses a safety issue as well as confusion for the drivers going through the approach.
Potential Enhancements:
 Extend the eastbound left-turn lane to provide sufficient storage length.
 Consider restriping and adding warning signs to inform eastbound through move drivers to keep right
when they approach the intersection. Removing some parking spaces to provide more clearance for the
approach should be considered.
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
Prepared by Fuss & O’Neill, Inc.
Safety Issue: Traffic Signals
RSA Audit team noted issues regarding the
existing signal equipment and phasing:
 No left-turn lanes are provided on Center
Street and Elizabeth Street, as a result, split
phasing is required for protected left turns.
More efficient phasing is needed because no
left-turn lanes are provided.
 Mast arms are located in vulnerable
locations behind the curb line and have been
knocked down.
Figure 7: Tractor trailer off-tracking during turn knocks down
mast arm on northwest corner of intersection.
Source: Pittsfield Police Department
 Mast arm and pedestals are located on each
corner along with utility and light poles. This adds clutter and
obstacles for pedestrians to negotiate. This condition is particularly
undesirable on corners with only 5 foot sidewalks directly behind the
curb line.
Potential Enhancements:
 Add auxiliary left-turn lanes on Elizabeth Street and Center Street and
provide more effiicent protected/permitted pahsing.
 Replace existing equipment and improve head alignment.
 Increase the offset between curb line and signal equipment.
Figure 8: Mast arm at southeast
corner of intersection.
 Consider combined mast arm and light pole installations to reduce number of poles at the intersection.
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
Prepared by Fuss & O’Neill, Inc.
Safety Issue: Bicycle Accommodations
Currently there are no bicycle specific accommodations at the
intersection.
 Four foot shoulders are provided approaching the
intersection westbound and eastbound on West Housatonic
Street. However, auxiliary turn lanes at the intersection
reduce the shoulder area to approximately one foot.
 A one foot offset shoulder is provided on Center Street.
Potential Enhancements:
 Promote bike awareness through the intersection with
sharrows.
 Widen the roadway to allow for continuous, wider
shoulders.
Figure 9: Cyclist traveling eastbound approaches
the intersection on West Housatonic Street.
 Widen the roadway and install bike lanes on all approaches. It was noted during the audit that utility
poles are located on both sides of West Housatonic Street. Widening for bike lanes will likely require
pole relocations to maintain the minimum 18 inch offset between poles and curb line.
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Road Safety Audit—West Housatonic Street and Center Street/Elizabeth Street
Prepared by Fuss & O’Neill, Inc.
Summary of Road Safety Audit
Based on its observations and discussions, the RSA team identified the issues and possible enhancements
that could improve the safety at the intersection of West Housatonic Street at Center Street/Elizabeth
Street in Pittsfield, MA.
Short-term enhancements include, but are not limited to:






Repair or replace damaged and missing signs.
Trim bushes on the northeastern corner of the intersection.
Repair or replace broken sidewalk panels.
Restripe eastbound approach and provide lane-use signage directing through move drivers to keep
right approaching the intersection.
Adjust the traffic signal timing plans for peak demand.
Promote bike awareness through the intersection with sharrows.
To enhance the safety of the intersection of West Housatonic Street at Center Street/Elizabeth Street, the
long-term recommendations are to:








Improve the curve and lane alignment geometry through the intersection.
Increase the curb radii for truck turning at intersection corners.
Provide increase buffer area for sign placement and install new guide signs.
Extend the eastbound left-turn lane to accommodate 95th percentile queue.
Add auxiliary left-turn lanes on Center and Elizabeth Street to eliminate split phasing.
Replace all sidewalks ramps and add fourth crosswalk.
Replace and update all traffic signal equipment.
Add bike lanes to all approaches.
Further study and design is needed to determine the feasibility of making such improvements to the
intersection.
Table 2 summarized these safety issues, possible enhancements, estimated safety payoff, time frame, cost
and responsibility. Safety payoff estimates are based on engineering judgement and are categorized as
low, medium and high, The time frame is categorized as short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1 to 3 years), or
long-term (>3 years). The costs are categorized as low (<$10,000), medium ($10,001 to $50,000), or
high (>$50,001).
It is the responsibility of MassDOT to ensure that the designer incorporates the relevant safety
enhancements identified as part of this RSA. The RSA is intended to identify potential safety
improvements. Those improvements should be evaluated and included as part of the design process.
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Road Safety Audit—Site Location Description
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Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Intersection Geometry
Signage
Potential Safety Enhancement
Increase curb radius for Truck
turning at intersection
Realign roadway to eliminate the
offset between Elizabeth Street
and Center Street, as well as
Westbound through and
Eastbound Left turn.
Improve minimum horizontal curve
radius through intersection on
West Housatonic.
Improve vertical alignment of the
intersection.
Update warning/guide/parking
signs to meet current MUTCD
standards.
Replace damaged signs and fix
sign poles.
Provide directional signs showing
the truck route.
Provide buffer area for sign
placement.
Provide overhead street name
signs.
Trim bushes to open up the
sidewalk
Pedestrian Facilities
Repair/replace sidewalks
Move the mast arms out of the
sidewalk
Update pedestrian pushbuttons
and locations
Redesign ramps and crosswalks
Add fourth Crosswalk
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Agency
Medium
Long-term
High
Project
High
Long-term
High
Project
Medium
Long-term
High
Project
Medium
Long-term
High
Project
Low
Short-term
Low
City of Pittsfield
Low
Short-term
Low
City of
Pittsfield/MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
City of Pittsfield
Low
Long-Term
Low
Project
Low
Short-term
Low
City of Pittsfield
Low
Short-term
Low
City /Property Owner
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
City of Pittsfield
Medium
Long-term
High
Project
Low
Mid-term
Low
City of Pittsfield
High
Medium
Mid-term
Long-term
Medium
High
Project
Project
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Road Safety Audit—Site Location Description
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Table 2. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary (Continued)
Safety Issue
Lane markings and Queue
Storage
Signal
Bicycle Accommodations
Potential Safety Enhancement
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Agency
Extend the Eastbound left turn
lane to provide sufficient storage
length.
Medium
Long-term
Medium
Project
Consider restriping and adding
warning signs to inform Eastbound
through move drivers to keep right
when they approach the
intersection.
Medium
Mid-term
Low
City of Pittsfield
Medium
Short-term
Low
City of Pittsfield
Low
Long-term
High
Project
Low
Short-term
Low
City of Pittsfield
High
Long-Term
High
Project
Low
Short-term
Low
City of Pittsfield
Medium
Long-term
High
Project
High
Long-term
High
Project
Eliminate some parking spaces to
provide more clearance.
Eliminate split phasing and provide
a left turn lane on Elizabeth &
Center Streets.
Update signal timing
Replace and update all traffic
signal equipment.
Provide bike sharrows
Widen the roadway to allow for
wider shoulders
Install bicycle lanes
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Appendix A. RSA Audit Team Contact List
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Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List
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Participating Audit Team Members
Date:
April 7,2015
Location:
Audit Team
Agency/Affiliation
Members
Mark Cancilla
James McIntyre
John Mullin
Matt Billetter
Clete Kus
John Mastera
Peter Frieri
Pat Tierney
Michael Fusco
Justin Slettehaugh
William Van Duzer
Dmitriy Mayboroda
City Council Chambers, 70 Allen Street, Pittsfield, MA
Pittsfield Fire Department
Pittsfield Police
Pittsfield Police
Pittsfield DPW
Berkshire Regional
Planning Commission
MassDOT
MassDOT
MassDOT
MassDOT
MassDOT
Fuss & O’Neill
Fuss & O’Neill
Email Address
Phone Number
mcancill@nycap.rr.com
jmcintyre@pittsfieldpd.org
jmullin@pittsfieldpd.org
mbilletter@pittsfieldch.com
413-448-9765
413-448-9700
413-448-9777
413-499-9327
ckus@berkshireplanning.org
413-442-1521
john.mastera@dot.state.ma.us
peter.frieri@state.ma.us
patrick.tierney@state.ma.us
Michael.fusco@state.ma.us
justin.slettehaugh@state.ma.us
wvanduzer@fando.com
dmayboroda@fando.com
413-637-5767
413-499-9330
413-452-0445
413-452-0445
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Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data
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Crash Data Summary Table
West Housatonic Street & Center Street/Elizabeth Street Intersection, Pittsfield, Massachusetts
December, 2011 - December, 2014
Crash
Diagram
Crash Date
Time of
Day
Manner of Collision
Light Condition
1
12/16/2011 10:03 AM Angle
Daylight
2
3/28/2012 5:55 PM Sideswipe, same direction
Daylight
3
7/9/2012 7:46 PM Angle (Backing)
Daylight
4
7/11/2012 6:58 PM Rear End
Daylight
5
7/18/2012 2:33 PM Rear End
Daylight
6
7/28/2012 4:15 PM Angle
Daylight
7
6/15/2012 8:31 PM Rear End
Daylight
8
2/27/2013 5:18 PM Single Vehicle Crash
Dark-lighted roadway
9
7/22/2013 10:29 PM Rear End
Dark-lighted roadway
10
1/15/2013 5:41 PM Angle
Dark-lighted roadway
11
2/16/2013 3:10 PM Head on
Daylight
12
6/17/2013 5:15 PM Angle
Daylight
13
8/1/2014 12:13 PM Rear End
Daylight
14
11/27/2014 10:08 PM Angle
Dark-lighted roadway
15
4/14/2014 8:50 AM Rear End
Daylight
Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from the Local and State Police
Weather
Condition
Cloudy
Clear
Clear,Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Rain
Clear
Clear
Cloudy, Rain
Clear
Clear
Clear
Road
Surface
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Wet
Dry
Dry
Wet
Dry
Ice
Dry
Driver Contributing Code
Unknown
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings
No Improper Driving
Failed to yield right of way
Followed too closely
Visibility obstructed
Inattention
Failure ro keep in proper lane or running off road
Inattention
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings
Other improper action
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings
Followed too closely
No Improper Driving
Inattention
Ages
47
37
27
27
35
60
41
25
24
20
35
69
32
25
46
31
34
23
22
49
50
30
27
59
60
62
42
48
17
44 69
Comments
Bicycle was crossing Center St. Vehicle was entering traffic from Cener St. Both collided with each other.
Truck sideswiped a stopped vehicle when changing lanes.
Vehicle backed into a stopped vehicle.
Vehicle rear-ended another vehicle, which was forced into a third vehicle.
Vehicle rear-ended another vehicle, which was forced into a third vehicle.
Vehicle sideswiped another vehicle.
Both vehicles were stopped. Vehicle started driving and rear-ended the one in front of her.
Vehicle 1 was turning left on green when opposing move started to make a right turn. There was no conact made between vehicles but vehicle 1 left roadway and hit a pole.
Vehicle rear-ended another vehicle in a left turn lane after the light turned to green.
Vehicle failed to stop for a red signal and hit another vehicle.
Vehicle lost control of his steering, hit another vehicle head-on.
Vehicle was hit another vehicle while turning-on-red.
Vehicle let go of the brakes while stopped at a red light and hit another vehicle in front of him.
Vehicle couldn’t stop a vehicle on a red light because of ice. Hit another vehicle.
Vehicle rear-ended another vehicle, which was forced into a third vehicle.
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Appendix D. Traffic Volume Figures
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Appendix E. Record Plans
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