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Biodiversity Depletion
Air Pollution
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Global climate change
Stratospheric ozone depletion
Urban air pollution
Acid deposition
Outdoor pollutants
Indoor pollutants
Noise
Water Pollution
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Sediment
Nutrient overload
Toxic chemicals
Infectious agents
Oxygen depletion
Pesticides
Oil spills
Excess heat
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Habitat destruction
Habitat degradation
Extinction
Introduced Species
Geologic Hazards / Natural
Disasters
Earthquakes
Tsunamis
Mass Wasting
Volcanism
Hurricanes
Flooding
Coastal Erosion / Sea Level
Rise
• Wetland loss
• Erosion / soil loss
• Fires
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Major
Environmental
Problems
Waste Production
• Solid waste
• Hazardous waste
Plastic and debris in the world’s oceans
SOME COMMON TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
“Throwaway Living”
Infectious Agents
Organic Chemicals
Study examples of each of these.
Inorganic Chemicals
Also focus on their source and
Radioactive Materials
harmful effects.
Sediment
Plant Nutrients
Oxygen Demanding Waste
Thermal
Genetic
Ocean Debris, Plastic, Styrofoam, Garbage
Nine-fold increase of plastic in municipal
waste in the U.S.
between 1970-2003
(USEPA, 2003)
PLASTIC WASTE
PRODUCTION
2007
120 billion
pounds
(ACC, 2005)
1992
60 billion
pounds
Life Magazine, 1955
• In the 1960’s, plastic made up 1% of
municipal waste (EPA)
• In 2012 plastic made up 12% of
municipal waste (EPA)
• Worldwide over 280 million tons of
plastic are produced per year
(EPA,1992)
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Here is “Away…”
PLASTIC WASTE
PRODUCTION
HAWAII
United States
Canada
Canada
England,
England UK
England
Sweden
Sweden
WASTE and
WATERSHEDS
Japan
Japan
Storm Drains
Hawaii
China
Philippines
Litter
left by tourists
Venezuela
Venezuela
Antarctica
Antarctica
Floating plastic bag
Tanzania
Tanzania
Philippines New ZealandBeach cleanup
Meta-analysis of literature on marine litter reports 60-80% of marine
debris worldwide is plastic.
(Derraik, 2002)
An estimated 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic
weighing 268,940 tons pollute the global ocean.
The 5 Gyres
Where does the trash come from?
● 20% from sea activities
● 80% from land activities
● 60-80% of marine debris worldwide is plastic.
(Derraik, 2002)
Source: Thefrom
United Nations
80% Runoff
landJoint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution
(GESAMP) (Sheavly 2005)
20% Ships, boaters, fishing industry
(United Nations Report)
North Pacific Current
What does plastic do, once it gets into the
ocean?
California Current
North Equatorial Current
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Entanglement
Benthic Interference:
Gas exchange inhibited Organisms
smothered
Ingestion: plastic as a food mimic
Substrate for invasive species:
non-biodegradable products cross oceans
Plastics Absorb
Persistent Organic Pollutants POPs
in high concentrations
One plastic pellet can have up to 1 million times higher
concentration of POPs than an equal volume of seawater.
(Takada, 2001)
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Solutions?
Educating the general public.
“Plastics don’t litter, people litter”
Getting involved with consumer activisim
Structural controls for local systems: ie. river booms, catch basins, etc.
Beach Clean-ups: great, but not the complete answer…
Reduce the amount of packaging that you buy!
Beach Clean-ups!
Bring
Get
your own water re-usable water bottle!
involved with local & regional organizations:
-Save Our Shores (SOS) http://saveourshores.org/
-Clean Oceans International (COI)
<Hyperlink here!!>
32nd Corcoran Lagoon & Coastal Cleanup: May 3rd, 2014.
155 People Participated. 1,040lbs of trash was collected in ~3 hours!
The Clean Oceans Project /
Clean Oceans International
Clean Oceans International History
•Founded: 2008 as The Clean Oceans Project
•Began locating, removing and recycling off-shore marine debris.
•Became one of the first to use portable Plastic-to-Oil conversion
technology to convert recovered marine plastics.
•Collaboration with Cabrillo College Oceanography since 2008, 8th
semester of Cabrillo Oceanography students in the field.
Plastic to Fuel Conversion
Marine Debris Monitoring and Assessment Program
(MD-MAP)
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Cabrillo Oceanography Class in the Field with
Clean Oceans International
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2
Marine Debris Clean-up Expedition:
Alaska
27 May- 10 June 2014
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Slide 30
2
that's fine, i didnt get all the way through the pictures, ill do some
more later
varona.n,
2
Hey Natascha! I love photos you added, and the order you put
them in. It occurs to me that we ran out of time before we looked
at the second half of what I was going to up load on to the
GoogleDocs. I guess that should be the first thing we look at when
we meet tomorrow. Hopefully it would make you feel like you have
duplicated any of your efforts of this evening! Thank you so much!
Patricia Clark,
4/18/2016
A Collaborative Effort
with
Clean Oceans International,
Gulf of Alaska Keepers,
and Cabrillo College
The Pacific Ocean Gyre System
Montague Island
miles
km
20
40
Zaikof Bay, Montague Island
We finally reach
our destination
work site…
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The Debris:
The Team
Natascha!
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Super Sacks!
http://www.goak.org/images/headers/2006.jpg; http://www.akbizmag.com/DSCN0856GAKmontague.jpg
Oahu Airport, Jan 7th, 2016
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Jan 8th, meeting with Sustainable Coastlines Hawaii, Surfrider
Foundation, Midway Island, Kokua Hawaii Foundation, Windward
Community College, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service
Cleanup at
Kahuku Beach,
Oahu with
Sustainable
Coastlines
Hawaii
VID_25000320_024652.mp4
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Leaving Cleanup at Kahuku
Sustainable Coastlines Hawaii Educational Trailer
Kamilo Beach, Hawaii
Hawaii Wildlife
Fund
On our way to
Kamilo Point,
Hawaii Island
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“Plastiglomerate”,
a new type of rock
made of basalt, plastic
and calcium carbonate
Presentation at
Maui Ocean
Center
Hosted by Donna,
Marine Biologist
with University of
Hawaii, Maui
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