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Surface and solid data can be imported from HP PE/ME30 and
exchanged with systems supporting the IGES, STEP, and ACIS formats.
Imported data coexists with and can be manipulated like native data.
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@* AOS
@* Machine type HP-UX
@* Transmitted by user_xyz on 27-May-94 at 13-06
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* A kernel is the heart of a modeling system. Currently, three kernels are used in various CAD
systems. These are Romulus from Shape Data, Parasolid, an extension of Romulus, and the
ACIS Kernel from Spatial Technology.
One record definition
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.................................................
..........5 0 0 0 24 0 2 8 9 0 2 24 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
0 0 0 1 10 0 2 ..................................
0$! +..!/,+* %*# 0.*/(0! ,.0 %/
5 = FA (Face owning (anchor) vertex), the properties are :
UP is EMPTY
... List of permanent universal attributes
AK is EMPTY
... Backpointer from element of feature
RV : INTEGER = 0
. .. Sense of face, edge geometry
SF : POINTER = 24 . .. Surface of face
SX : REAL = 0
. .. Hatching pitch
1 VR : POINTER = 8
.. Anchor of face
2 VR : POINTER = 9
... Anchor of face
HA is EMPTY
... Hatch direction
SL : POINTER = 2
... Shell of face
24 = SF (Surface of face), the properties are :
UP is EMPTY
.. List of permanent universal attributes
SD is EMPTY
... Surface supporting this surface
definition
AK is EMPTY
... Backpointer from element of feature
BK : POINTER = 0
... Backpointer from assembly or body to
token
1 EQ : REAL = 0 ... Geometry definition
2 EQ : REAL = 0 ... Geometry definition
3 EQ : REAL = 0 ... Geometry definition
4 EQ : REAL = 0 ... Geometry definition
5 EQ : REAL = 0 ... Geometry definition
6 EQ : REAL = 1 ... Geometry definition
7 EQ : REAL = 10 ... Geometry definition
SU is EMPTY
... Surface supported by this suface
TY : INTEGER = 2 (CYLINDER) ... Geometry type
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+*2!./%+* +" 0$! 1..!*0 !*0%05 $! (#+.%0$) %/ / "+((+3/
A reference to an HP PE/ME30 file entity is found:
Already “converted”? (lookup table search)
YES: Use the available conversion result
NO: Create the new derived class of record instance
Call the convert function
Attach the conversion result to the lookup table
Delete the instance to free the memory used
Use the newly generated conversion result to continue the
conversion.
$! +*2!./%+* "+. %*0!./!0%+* 1.2!/ %/ *+0 +*! +* 0$! "(5
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PE/SolidDesigner is mainly a selection process. In many
cases two surfaces intersect at not only one but several
distinct sections.
Consider the intersection of a cylinder with a torus in the
case of perpendicular axes. Four possible intersection curves
may be part of the model (see Fig. 1). In the HP PE/ME30
file additional help points are supplied to allow the correct
selection. The direction of the intersection curve (the tangent
to the curve) is not guaranteed to be the same in HP PE/
SolidDesigner as in HP PE/ME30. Therefore the correct fit to
the model is calculated and the resulting direction is
reflected in the topology of the imported model.
To test the quality of the HP PE/ME30 import processor a
large HP PE/ME30 test library has been compiled. It now
contains more than 2300 examples of parts and assemblies.
All of the test cases used during HP PE/ME30 development
and support are included along with new user models conĆ
sisting of recently acquired data from internal and external
HP PE/ME30 users. An additional test matrix subtree was
developed by creating base parts with critical features. In
particular, all possible surfaceĆtoĆsurface intersections and
various special cases have been generated.
Load Time [ Size × k1 + Entities × k2 + Intersections × k3,
where k1 t k2 tt k3. The size of the schema section
does not vary very much between different files and is norĆ
mally relatively small compared to the size of the data secĆ
tion. The number of entities and the file size are strongly
related. The calculation and selection of the nonanalytic inĆ
tersection curves fitting the model is a relatively expensive
component of the processor because a completely new repĆ
resentation of the data structure has to be generated.
An important task in computerĆaided design is the transfer of
the completed model to downstream applications and other
CAD applications. These applications vary from finite element
analysis and numerically controlled (NC) manufacturing to
visualization and simulation. HP PE/SolidDesigner currently
uses IGES 5.1 (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) for
fileĆbased data exchange.
Because of the broad variety of receiving systems an IGES
interface must be flexible so that the contents of the output
file match the capabilities of the receiving system. It must be
possible to transfer whole assemblies keeping the informaĆ
tion on the parts tree, or only specific parts of a model, or
even single curves or surfaces. This is achieved by a mixture
of configuration and selection mechanisms.
The regression test procedure is to import HP PE/ME30
models from the test library part by part and perform the
HP PE/SolidDesigner body checker operation on each. The
An analysis of the IGES translators of many different systems
loading time and the body checker result are collected in a
reports file. A reports file can be analyzed by a shell script to showed that it is possible to classify them in four main cateĆ
gories:
supply a statistical summary of the current quality of the
• Wireframe Systems. These systems are only capable of imĆ
HP PE/ME30 interface. Because of the large amount of test
porting curve geometry. This is typical for older CAD sysĆ
data a complete test takes a long time. Therefore, an interĆ
tems or 2D systems with limited 3D capabilities.
mediate test is available. The complete test performs the
basic load and check test on all currently available test modĆ • Surface Systems Using Untrimmed Surfaces. These systems
are capable of importing untrimmed surfaces and indepenĆ
els of the library directory. The intermediate test examines
dent curve geometry. This is typical for lowĆend NC systems
the reports file of the latest complete test and repeats all
that need a lot of interaction to create tool paths and define
reported problems. It also repeats a random selection of the
areas.
successful tests. At this time over 99% of the complete test
• Surface Systems Using Parametrically Trimmed Surfaces.
conversions are classified as successful.
These systems are able to handle trimmed surfaces. TrimĆ
The performance of the import process for HP PE/ME30 files ming is performed in the parametric domain of the surfaces.
is mainly dependent on three variables: the size of the
Periodic surfaces are often not handled or are incorrectly
schema, the number of entities, and the number of intersecĆ
handled. Each surface is handled independently. This is typĆ
tions that have to be calculated:
ical for surface modelers and sophisticated NC systems.
• Topological Surface Systems and Solid Modelers. These sysĆ
tems are able to handle trimmed surfaces using 3D curves as
trimming curves. They are able to handle periodic surfaces,
nonplanar topology, and surface singularities. Connection
between adjacent trimmed surfaces is maintained and the
normal to the trimmed surface is important for inside/outĆ
side decisions. This is typical for advanced surface and solid
modelers.
Intersection of a torus and a cylinder.
October 1995 HewlettĆPackard Journal
HP PE/SolidDesigner's IGES interface is designed to work in
four output modes: wireframe, untrimmed, trimmed parametĆ
ric, and trimmed. Each output mode represents one of the
categories of receiving IGES translators. This has the advanĆ
tage of giving as much information about the solid model as
possible to highĆend systems (trimmed, trimmed parametric),
without burdening lowĆend interfaces with too much inforĆ
mation. For some modes (trimmed parametric) more configĆ
uration parameters allow fine tuning to specific systems to
-"8*-*:& 4)& 42".3'&2 2"4& "$) -/%& )"3 " 30&$*'*$ &.4*49
-"00*.( 4)"4 %&3$2*#&3 7)*$) &.4*4*&3 "2& 53&% 4/ %&;
3$2*#& 4)& -/%&, 3&& "#,&3 ".% 3&23 $". 30&$*'9
"%%*4*/.", 02/%5$4 2&,"4&% %"4" ".% "2#*42"29 $/--&.43 '/2
4)& 34"24 ".% (,/#", 3&$4*/.3 /' 4)& '*,& %*2&$4,9 6*" 4)&
/54054 %*",/( #/8 0&$*'*$ $/.'*(52"4*/.3 $". #& 3"6&%
".% ,/"%&% 3/ 4)"4 4)& $/.'*(52"4*/. )"3 4/ #& %&4&2-*.&%
/.,9 /.$& '/2 &"$) 2&$&*6*.( 3934&- *( 3)/73 4)& %*",/( -&.5
/ ",,/7 -"8*-", ',&8*#*,*49 *. 7)"4 *3 42".3,"4&% 4)& 53&2 *3
",,/7&% 4/ 3&,&$4 "33&-#,*&3 0"243 '"$&3 ".% &%(&3 ".%
"2#*42"29 $/-#*."4*/.3 ,, 3&,&$4&% *4&-3 "2& )*(),*()4&% ".%
4)& 53&2 $". 53& %9."-*$ 6*&7*.( %52*.( 4)& 3&,&$4*/.
02/$&33 ' 4)& 53&2 3&,&$43 "33&-#,*&3 4)& 0"24 42&& *3 2&02&;
3&.4&% 7*4) &.4*4*&3 ".% 35#'*(52& %&'*.*4*/.
".% *.34".$& )"2&% 0"243 "2& 2&02&3&.4&% #9 3)"2&%
(&/-&429 *. 4)& '*,&
Table I
Curve Mapping
HP PE/SolidDesigner
IGES 3D Entity
42"*()4
*.& *2$,&
*2$5,"2 "2$ 7*4) 42".3'/2-"4*/.
;30,*.&
"4*/.", ;30,*.&
$526& .4&23&$4*/. $526&
"4*/.", ;30,*.& "2"-&4&2 $526&
"4*/.", ;30,*.& /2 ,*.& )& 42*--&% -/%& *3 4)& $,/3&34 %&3$2*04*/. /' 4)& *.4&2.",
;&0 #/5.%"29 2&02&3&.4"4*/. %"4" 3425$452& /' /,*%&3*(.&2 4 53&3 4)& #/5.%&% 352'"$& &.4*4*&3 ".% "3 4)& 4/0 &,&-&.4 /' 4)& -/%&, %&3$2*04*/. "$)
3&,&$4&% '"$& /' 4)& 0"24 -"03 4/ /.& #/5.%&% 352'"$& &.;
4*49 $/.4"*.*.( 3&6&2", #/5.%"2*&3 &.4*49 2*-;
-*.( /' 4)& 352'"$&3 *3 0&2'/2-&% #9 -/%&, 30"$&
$526&3 / '5,'*,, 4)& 2&15*2&-&.43 /' 4)& 30&$*'*$"4*/.
/' &.4*4*&3 ".% 3/-& -*./2 4/0/,/(*$", ".% (&/-&4;
2*$", $)".(&3 /' 4)& /,*%&3*(.&2 *.4&2.", -/%&,
)"6& 4/ #& -"%& !&24&8 ,//03 "2& 2&-/6&% 02/0&%(&3 /.
4/253&3 "2& 2&-/6&% ".% *.4&23&$4*/. $526&3 "2& 2&0,"$&% #9
;30,*.& "002/8*-"4*/.3
&$"53& 4)& #/5.%&% 352'"$& &.4*49 %/&3 ./4 )"6&
".9 *.'/2-"4*/. "#/54 4/0/,/(*$", '"$& ./2-",3 4)& 352'"$&3
"2& /2*&.4&% 3/ 4)"4 ",, (&/-&42*$", ./2-",3 0/*.4 4/ 4)& /54;
3*%& /' 4)& 0"24 *(
)53 &./5() *.'/2-"4*/. *3 054
*.4/ 4)& '*,& 4)"4 " 2&$&*6*.( 3934&- $". 2&#5*,% " 3/,*%
-/%&, '2/- " $/-0,&4& 352'"$& -/%&,
)& 5.42*--&% -/%& $/.4"*.3 #"3*$",,9 4)& 3"-& *.'/2-";
4*/. "3 4)& 42*--&% -/%& /2 &"$) '"$& 4)& 5.42*--&%
352'"$& 0,53 ",, 42*--*.( $526&3 "2& 42".3,"4&% 54 *.34&"%
/' &80,*$*4,9 42*---*.( 4)& 352'"$&3 7*4) 4)& "002/02*"4&
&.4*4*&3 352'"$& ".% 42*--*.( $526&3 "2& /.,9 ,/(*$",,9
(2/50&% 4/(&4)&2 )*3 535",,9 2&15*2&3 -".5", 42*--*.( *.
4)& 2&$&*6*.( 3934&- ".% *3 /.,9 35*4&% '/2 3/-& 30&$*",
"00,*$"4*/.3
,&'4 /,*% -/%&, 2*()4 52'"$& -/%&, 7*4) ./2-",3
/,*%&3*(.&2 /54054 %*",/( -&.5
$4/#&2 &7,&44;"$+"2% /52.",
Table II
Surface Mapping
IGES 3D Entity
(trimmed and untrimmed)
HP PE/SolidDesigner
IGES 3D Entity
(trimmed parametric)
0&2*
0&2* 80*) 685+&(* <0.2)*5
!85+&(* 3+ 5*93087.32 80*) 685+&(* !4-*5*
"3586
32*
!482 ?640.2*
!85+&(* 3+ 5*93087.32 !85+&(* 3+ 5*93087.32
?640.2* 685+&(*
?640.2* 685+&(* ?640.2* 685+&(* 80*) 685+&(* 80*) 685+&(* &5&00*0 6:*47 ?640.2*
"-* 75.11*) 4&5&1*75.( 13)* 86*6 7-* ! 75.11*) 4&5&?
1*75.( 685+&(* *27.7< &2) 7-* (859* 32 4&5&1*75.( 685?
+&(* *27.7< &6 5*45*6*27&7.326 3+ & 75.11*) 685+&(*
"-*6* *27.7.*6 -&9* '**2 *67&'0.6-*) .2 7-* ! 67&2)&5)
+35 & 032,*5 7.1* 7-&2 *27.7.*6 &2) 35 7-* 75.11*)
13)* 35 7-.6 5*&632 7-*< &5* 135* (311320< 86*) "-*
1&.2 ).++*5*2(* +531 7-* 75.11*) 13)* .6 7-&7 7-* 75.11.2,
.6 4*5+351*) .2 7-* 4&5&1*75.( )31&.2 3+ 7-* 685+&(*6 &(685+&(* 1867 -&9* & 4&5&1*75.( )*6(5.47.32 7-&7 1&46 & 43.27
+531 7-* 4&5&1*7*5 )31&.2 & 5*(7&2,80&5 4357.32 3+ 64&(* 73 13)*0 64&(*
!89 #89 $89 %89 +35 *&(- 89 .2 2 +800 4*5.3).( 685+&(*6 0./* (<0.2)*56 !30.)*6.,2*5
868&00< (5*&7*6 (<0.2)5.(&0 734303,< "-*5* :.00 237 2*(*66&5?
.0< '* *;&(70< 32* 387*5 0334 857-*5135* *),*6 (&2
582 39*5 7-* 685+&(* 6*&1 7-* 67&57 3+ 7-* 4*5.3) :.7-387
5*675.(7.32 "-.6 0*&)6 73 7-* 6.78&7.32 7-&7 32* *),* 1&<
-&9* 135* 7-&2 32* 4&5&1*75.( (859* 4?(859* &663(.&7*)
:.7- .7 063 7-* 4?(859* 03346 1&< 237 '* (036*) *9*2 .+ 7-*
5*64*(7.9* 0334 .6 (036*) ., .008675&7*6 7-.6 6.78&7.32
!30.)*6.,2*5 &93.)6 7-.6 453'0*1 '< 640.77.2, 4*5.?
3).( 685+&(*6 &032, 7-* 6*&1 &2) .76 &27.6*&1 "-* 6*&1 &2)
&27.6*&1 &5* 7-* .634&5&1*75.( (859*6 &032, 7-* 4&5&1*7*56
81.2 &2) 81.284*5.3)
"-86 32* +&(* 1&< 5*6807 .2
=&00 89 :.7- 81.2 v 8 v 81&; 91.2 v 9 v 91&;>
"-* +3003:.2, (32).7.326 &440< 73 • "-*5* .6 & (327.28386 2351&0 9*(735 .2 • "-*5* .6 & 32*?73?32* 1&44.2, +531 73 64&(*
• "-*5* &5* 23 6.2,80&5 43.276 .2 z
857-*5135* 75.11.2, (859*6 .2 64&(* 1867 +351 (036*)
03346 &2) 7-*5* 1867 '* *;&(70< 32* 387*5 '382)&5< 0334
&2) 347.32&00< 6*9*5&0 .22*5 '382)&5< 03346 -30*6 .,
.008675&7*6 4&5&1*7*5 64&(* 75.11.2,
y
3D Model Space
x
v
"-*6* 5*675.(7.326 1&/* .7 (0*&5 7-&7 7-*5* :.00 '* 7:3 453'?
0*1 &5*&6 :-*2 (329*57.2, !30.)*6.,2*5 4&576 73 &
4&5&1*75.( 75.11*) 685+&(* 13)*0 4*5.3).( 685+&(*6 &2)
685+&(* 6.2,80&5.7.*6
u
Parameter Space
"5.11.2, .2 4&5&1*7*5 64&(* 4?64&(*
Table III
Model Mapping
Entity
Trimmed
Trimmed
Parametric
Untrimmed
Wireframe
&576 &2) 66*1'0.*6
&(*6
27.7< 27.7< 27.7< 3346
27.7< 27.7< 27.7< ),*&6* 859*
859* 27.7<
859* 27.7<
859* 27.7<
859* 27.7<
&6* !85+&(*
!85+&(*
27.7<
!85+&(*
27.7<
!85+&(*
27.7<
32*
(73'*5 *:0*77?&(/&5) 3852&0
v
v
umin
+uperiod
umin
u
u
umin
umin
+uperiod/2
umin
+uperiod
6*',"#/ 1-.-*-%6 ', ," .70.!#
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./+#1/'! 02/$!#0 1-/20#0 ', 1&# +-"#* '% '**207
1/1#0 1&'0 0'121'-,
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-21 0&.# 4-2*" # *-01 #% $2** 02/$!# -$ /#3-*21'-,
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$!#0 &# 0.*'11',% *%-/'1&+ (201 "#0!/' #" '0 ..*'#" 0- 1&1
** 0',%2*/'1'#0 /# ./1 -$ /#%2*/ *--. &20 4# /#
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!& 0',%2*/'16 -$ $!# '0 1-2!&#" 6 14- #"%#0 -,#
#,1#/',% ," -,# *#3',% 1&# 0',%2*/ 3#/1#5 ,-4',% &-4
v
v
u
v
u
u
5+.*#0 -$ 02/$!#
0',%2*/'1'#0 ', ./+#1#/
0.!#
!1- #/ #4*#117!)/" -2/,*
V1
v
Singularity
e1
Singularity
Parameter
pe1
pe2
e2
Problem
Area
$%/ )!0$+ "%(/ %" 0$! "! +.%!*00%+* %/ %*+*/%/0!*0 +. %"
&!*0 "!/ + *+0 /$.! +))+* /0.0 ,+%*0/ * !* 6
,+%*0/
u
.%*#1(. /1."! /%010%+*
/1."! 0 ".+) /+(% )+ !(!./ +"0!* +*0%*/ (( /1.6
"!/ +" (+/! 2+(1)! +. +**!0! "! /!0 +3!2!.
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•
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%*# * *1)!.%((5 1*/0(! 0/' +3!2!. %0 %/ +))+*
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!0.5 "+. +))+* ! #! 0$0 "1("%((/ 0$! "+((+3%*# 1.5
+*/0.%*0/ /!! %#
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Use Singularity
3%.!".)! 0 * ! !/%(5 %),+.0! %*0+ 6
+(% !/%#*!. /%*! +(% !/%#*!./ '!.*!( /1,,+.0/
3%.! + %!/ $! )+ %"%! 3%.! 0 * ! /2! %* +(% !/%#*!./ 0 "+.)0 +//%(! 1/!/ "+. 0$%/ ,6
%(%05 %*(1 ! )%#.0%+* ".+) +( 6(%*! /5/0!)/ 0+ +(6
% !/%#*!. %*0!.0%+* 3%0$ %""!.!*0 /+1.!/ * /1,,(%!./
* +))1*%0%+* 3%0$ )*1"01.!./
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+**!0! 5 +))+* 2!.0%!/ + 5 +*/%/0%*# +*(5 +"
3%.!/ %/ ((! 3%.! + 5 1.2! 0 %/ 1/! 0+
#!*!.0! 0$! ! #!/ +" 3%.! + 5 $%/ %*(1 !/ (%*!/
%.(!/ 6/,(%*!/ ,+(5(%*!/ * +),+/%0! (%*!/ /1.6
"! 0 /1$ / 0.%))%*# 1.2!/ +" 0.%))! /1."!/ .!
(/+ 1/! 0+ #!*!.0! ! #!/ + /%),(%"5 (0!. /+(% )+ !(
#!*!.0%+* 0$! 4%/ * #!*!.0.%4 +" /1."! +" .!2+(10%+*
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%),+.00%+* * 0$! +0$!. $* %*"+.)0%+* +* 6/,(%*!
/1."!/ %/ (+/0
%.! 0 %),+.0! ".+) * "%(! %/ +((!0! %*0+ *
//!)(5 $! //!)(5 #!0/ 0$! *)! +" 0$! "%(! *5
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+(% !/%#*!. $! #!*!.0! ,.0/ * ! $* (!
(%'! *5 +0$!. ,.0 %* +(% !/%#*!. + %/0%*#1%/$
Avoid Singularity
v
v
epsilon
Open
p-space
u
v
u
v
epsilon
Closed
p-space
u
0+!. !3(!006'. +1.*(
u
+1. ,+//%(! /%*#1(.%05
.!,.!/!*00%+*/
8,) )%60= 7 %6) 23 032+)6 7%8-7*%'836= *36 463(9'8 (%8%
()7'6-48-32 %2( )<',%2+) 8%2(%6(7 0-/) 36 #? ;,-', %6) 0-1-8)( 83 796*%') 36 )2+-2))6-2+ (6%;-2+ )<?
',%2+) (3 238 %()59%8)0= ,%2(0) 38,)6 )<40-'-8 463(9'8
(%8% '%8)+36-)7 79', %7 463(9'8 7869'896) 36 %77)1&0-)7 36
+)31)86-' 730-( 13()07
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;-6) 4%687 8,)= '%2 &) '3036)( !,) 348-327 3* 30-(?
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7)88-2+7 3* 8,) 4%68 '328%-2)6 ;-6) 4%68 '%2 &)'31) 8,)
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%&0) %00 &63;7)67 ;36/ ;-8, ;-6) 4%687 %2( ;-6) 4%687 '%2
&) 13:)( 36 &)'31) 1)1&)67 3* %2 %77)1&0=
!3 &9-0( % 730-( 13()0 *631 % ;-6) &3(= 8,) )(+)7 %2(
:)68-')7 3* 8,) ;-6) &3(= '%2 &) 97)( 83 437-8-32 % ;36/?
40%2) !,)2 )(+)7 3* 8,) ;-6) &3(= '%2 &) 7)0)'8)( %2(
463.)'8)( 3283 8,) ;36/40%2) !,) 6)7908-2+ 463*-0) '%2 8,)2
&) 97)( 83 '6)%8) % 730-( *36 )<%140) &= 1)%796-2+ %2 )(+)
0)2+8, 2))()( *36 %2 )<869() 34)6%8-32
2(9786= 86)2(7 83(%= %6) ',%6%'8)6->)( &= -28)62%8-32%0->%?
8-32 3* 1%29*%'896-2+ 40%287 ;,-', %6) 746)%( 3:)6 8,) '32?
8-2)287 3* 8,) +03&) %2( &= 0)%2 463(9'8-32 -2 ;,-', 1%2=
4%687 %6) 79&'3286%'8)( 36 &39+,8 *631 03'%0 36 -28)62%8-32%0
79440-)67 %8-32%0 78%2(%6(7 %2( -2'314%8-&-0-8-)7 &)8;))2
)<-78-2+ 78%2(%6(7 %6) 3&78%'0)7 83 8,)7) 86)2(7 %2( ;-00 ,%:)
83 &) 6)40%')( &= -28)62%8-32%0 78%2(%6(7
%6+) '314%2-)7 -2 8,) %)6374%') %2( %983138-:) -2(9786-)7
-2 8,) " %2( 9634) ,%:) 23; 8%/)2 8,) 3**)27-:) 83?
;%6(7 8,) -140)1)28%8-32 %2( 97) 3* ! %2(%6( *36 8,)
<',%2+) 3* 63(9'8 3()0 %8% %7 %2 -28)62%8-32%0 78%2?
(%6( *36 463(9'8 (%8% )<',%2+) %2( %'')77 78%68-2+ -2 314%2-)7 79', %7 $ 3)-2+ 37', )2)6%0 38367
)2)6%0 0)'86-' %-10)6?)2> 6%88$,-82)= 3007 3=')
-)1)27 %2( #30/7;%+)2 ,%:) &))2 97-2+ ! 463838=4)
-140)1)28%8-327 -2 4-038 463.)'87 ;-8, 4631-7-2+ 6)79087
-+
7,3;7 %2 )<%140) 3* %2 ;-6)*6%1) 13()0 ;-8,
"08-1%8)0= ! -7 )<4)'8)( 83 1))8 8,) *3003;-2+ 6)59-6)?
*396 4%687 %2( 8,) 6)7908-2+ 730-( 13()0 9831%8-' +)2)6%?
1)287 *36 %2 -28)62%8-32%0 463(9'8 (%8% )<',%2+) 78%2(%6(
8-32 3* 730-(7 *631 ;-6)7 '390( &) -140)1)28)( &98 *6))*361
• 63:-()7 '31498)6 -28)646)8%&0) %2( 78%2(%6(->)( 2)986%0
796*%') -2*361%8-32 ;390( 463&%&0= &) 0378 !,) 6)%0 &)2)*-8
463(9'8 13()0 (%8% )986%0 -140-)7 '314%8-&-0-8= ;-8, %2=
3* ;-6)*6%1) -14368 -7 *36 6)*)6)2') 496437)7
36 7=78)1 8,%8 &)78 *-87 8,) ()7-+2 36 1%29*%'896?
-2+ 8%7/
• 140)1)287 8,) 1%78)6 13()0 '32')48 *36 463(9'8 (%8% !,)
)28-6) 7)8 3* 463(9'8 (%8% *36 % 463(9'8 ;-8, 1%2= 7-2+0)
4%687 -7 /)48 -2 32) 03+-'%0 1%78)6 13()0 ;,-', 1%/)7 -8
%29*%'896-2+ -2(9786-)7 97) % :%6-)8= 3* 2%8-32%0 %2( -2(97?
86-%0 78%2(%6(7 *36 463(9'8 (%8% )<',%2+) !,)7) -2'09()
4377-&0) 83 6)+)2)6%8) 8,) 463(9'8 %7 % ;,30) %8 % 2);
*36 (6%;-2+ %2( 796*%') )<',%2+) -28)62%8-32%0 #? 1%29*%'896-2+ 7-8) !,-7 1)%27 8,%8 463(9'8 %77)1&0-)7
*36 796*%') )<',%2+) 1%-20= 8,) 9634)%2 %983138-:)
-2'09(-2+ %(1-2-786%8-:) (%8% %2( &-007 3* 1%8)6-%0 %6)
-2(9786= %2( ! *36 (6%;-2+ %2( 796*%') )<',%2+)
,%2(0)(
• 63:-()7 '3140)8)2)77 '32'-7)2)77 %2( '327-78)2'= !,-7
6%2') %2( 8,) 9634)%2 -6&97 -2(9786= !,-7 :%6-)8= 3*
(-**)6)28 -2'314%8-&0) 78%2(%6(7 '%97)7 % 038 3* 6);36/ %2(
6)59-6)7 74)'-%0 (%8% ',)'/-2+ %2( :%0-(%8-32 1)',%2-717
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#1 Overview and Fundamental Principles
Application Protocols
#11
Express
#201
Explicit
Drafting
#202
Associative
Drafting
#205
(etc.)
#203
#204
#31
Testing
Concepts
Integrated Resources
#105
Kinematics
#32
Test
Lab
Requirements
#33
Abstract
Test
Suites
Application Resources
#101
Drafting
#103
Electrical
#104 FiniteElement
Analysis
Generic Resources
Description
Methods
1200s
ATSs
Framework
(Future)
#41
Product
Definition
#42
Geometry and
Topology
#43
Representation
#44
Product
Structure
#45
Materials
#46
Presentation
#47
Tolerance
#48
Form Features
#49
Processes
Implementation Methods
#21
Physical File
#22 Standard
Data Access
Interface
(SDAI)
Database
(Future)
Knowledge
Base
(Future)
1#()3%#341% .& 3!-$!1$ &.1 3(% 7#(!-'% .& 1.$4#3 .$%+ !3! #3."%1 %6+%33:!#*!1$ .41-!+
#34
Abstract
Test
Methods
Conformance
Testing
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84:7(*8 .3 & 85*(.+.( &551.(&9.43 (439*=9 8:(- &8 2*(-&3.(&1
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&3) 8>89*2 .251*2*39&9.438
AP214: Core Data for Automotive Mechanical Design.
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9.43 .3 &3) 8>89*28 !-* .251*2*39&9.438 -&;*
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)*+.3.9.43 &3) *=(-&3,*
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)&9& *=(-&3,* @94@+.3.9*@*1*2*39@8>89*2 *=(-&3,* &3)
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94 (425.1* 9-* :8*7 7*6:.7*2*398 94 ':.1) 43 9-* 7*8:198 &3)
*=5*7.*3(*8 4+ 9-* ! % 574/*(9 &3) 94 1&:3(- &9
9-* 1*;*1 & ! &551.(&9.43 57494(41 <-.((4;*78 9-* (47* )&9& +47 &:94249.;* 2*(-&3.(&1 )*8.,3
(94'*7 *<1*99@&(0&7) 4:73&1
The following CAD/CIM systems are involved in the project
and have STEP data exchange processors either available or
under development: Alias, AutoCAD, CADDS/CVĆCore,
CATIA, EUCLID3, HP PE/SolidDesigner, EMSĆPower Pack,
IĆDEAS Master Series, SIGRAPH STEPIntegrator, SYRKO,
Tebis, ROBCAD, and others.
•
•
•
•
The initial focus in ProSTEP for STEP products is on design
data exchange for 3D geometry: BĆRep solid models, surface
models, and wireframe models. For migration from legacy
systems, wireframe data needs to be supported, at least for
data import. Communication with applications like numerical
control (NC) programming systems today typically requires
surface model data, although in the future more solid model
data will be used. Initially, the HP emphasis is on bidirecĆ
tional product model exchange (input and output) of 3D
BĆRep and surface models.
In STEP implementation projects, standardization has been
extended beyond the product data to the STEP implementaĆ
tion tools. The CADEX, PDES Inc, PRODEX, and ProSTEP
projects have all taken this approach.
A standardized STEP tool architecture provides the following
benefits. These include shareability of tools between differĆ
ent implementors, shortened development time for STEP
processor implementations (software development producĆ
tivity gain), increased likelihood of compatibility between
STEP implementations (differences in STEP definition interĆ
pretations are minimized), parallel development of tools
(concurrent engineering), extendability of tools to track new
standardization trends, increased flexibility (new STEP
models require fewer code changes), and centralized
maintenance of tools.
Fig. 13 shows the PRODEX STEP tools architecture. The
functional blocks of a STEP toolkit or STEP development set
are:
• STEP Standard Data Access Interface (SDAI),
• STEP Express compiler
Applications
Design
Finite-Element
STEP
STEP
STEP
STEP
file scanner/parser
file formatter
data checker
conversion tool.
The main interface to the STEP application is the STEP StanĆ
dard Data Access Interface, which provides a computer proĆ
gramming language for dynamic access to the STEP data.
ApplicationĆspecific mapping and conversions are impleĆ
mented on top of this interface.
The Express compiler conveys the product data descriptions
contained in an Express schema (the metadata of the data
model) to the toolkit. It contains an Express file reader and
compiles the file contents to the internal representation of
the data model. The SDAI is the recipient of the product
data metamodel and uses the metamodel as a reference for
the product instance data, which is imported through the
STEP file scanner/parser.
The STEP file scanner/parser reads (scans and parses) the
STEP instance data contained in a STEP data file and uses
the currently valid metamodel for checking the syntax of the
imported instance data.
The STEP file formatter formats the data to a partĆ21ĆconforĆ
mant STEP file which is read from the SDAI by using the
current valid metadata (e.g., a specific application protocol
such as AP203).
The STEP data checker is a validation tool that checks the
instance data currently in the SDAI based on the correspondĆ
ing metadata model, which is also contained in the SDAI.
The checking covers consistency checks like references
between entities (e.g., existence dependency), and rule
checking, which is covered in the metamodel. The checking
is optionally applicable to the data in the SDAI. It is very
helpful during the development of processors, for checking
new metadata models, or for checking the first data
imported from a new system.
Robotic
Simulation
Visualization
STEP Standard Data Access Interface (SDAI)
STEP Tools
Metadata
Express
Compiler
Product Data
Model
Checker
Scanner/
Parser
Formatter
STEP
File
STEP
File
Model
Conversion
External Data
Express
Model
STEP File Exchange with Other Systems
October 1995 HewlettĆPackard Journal
PRODEX STEP tools
architecture.
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EDS/
Unigraphics
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HP PE/
SolidDesigner
SIGRAPH
ROBCAD
SYRKO
CATIA
KISMET
I/EMS
Face-Based
Surface
CV-Core
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* Often, CAD surface models are not consistent because the generating system lacks checking
mechanisms or does not track connectivity. Very often, consistency and accuracy are the
responsibilities of the user of the system rather than under system control.
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