The HP E1414 pressure scanning VXIbus analog-to-digital converter
completes HP’s VXIbus offering for jet engine and wind tunnel test
applications by providing the ability to make pressure measurements.
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VXIbus Backplane, DSP, Trigger, Flash Memory, FIFO,
and Current Value Table
Switching
Power
Supply
VXIbus Backplane, DSP, Trigger, Flash Memory, FIFO,
and Current Value Table
SCP0
SCP4
SCP1
SCP5
Extra RAM
Pressure Scanner
Address
Drivers
Calibration
and
Protection
Relays
ADC and Calibration
Circuits
SCP2
Four Channels
of Calibration
and
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Relays
PSI 8488
Cable*
Calibration
and
Protection
Relays
ADC and Calibration
Circuits
SCP6
HP-IB Logic
SCP3
SCP7
Calibration
Port
Calibration
Port
External
Trigger
Terminal Block
HP-IB
Cable**
Four Analog
Buses In
External
Trigger
**Connected to PSI Scanners
**Connected to PSI Mainframe
SCP = Signal Conditioning Plug-On
64 Channels In
(b)
(a)
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PSI
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Interface
PSI 8488
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Analog Signals
Analog
Signals
Scanner
Control
CA
L
HP-IB
Cable
Electronic
Pressure
Scanner
PCU
PCU
PCU
PBU
PSI 8400 ISP/SP
PBU
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Pressure Calibration Lines
Electronic
Pressure
Scanner
RUN
Input Pressure
Measurement
Ports (8 to 64
Pneumatic
Inputs per
Scanner)
Electronic
Pressure
Scanner
= Electrical
= Pneumatic
PBU = Pressure Blanking Unit
PCU = Pressure Calibration Unit
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Common Schedules
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Partnership between HP and PSI
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of the users of VXIbus systems have not been able to take
advantage of the PSI pressure measurement capability beĆ
cause PSI did not have an offering in the VXIbus format.
Therefore, the HP E1414 allows PSI users access to a new
architecture that is becoming more widely used.
The pressure scanners, the electronic interface hardware to
the pressure scanners, and the pneumatic calibrators are all
manufactured and sold separately by PSI. HP does not manĆ
ufacture any of these items for use with the HP E1414, but
without them the HP E1414 could not perform any pressure
measurements at all. The HP E1414 has the builtĆin intelliĆ
gence to automate the control and sequencing of the PSI
hardware elements to provide a VXIbus pressure measuring
system that takes advantage of the existing PSI hardware
functionality.
The HP E1414 had to interface with an existing product
definition and user model. To create a complete pressure
measuring system solution from hardware that comes from
two different companies, the HP E1414 had to be compatible
with the operational paradigm of the already existing PSI
8400 system. This means that the pressureĆmeasuring control
language, terminology, channelĆnumbering scheme, and
calibration methodology had to keep the same look and feel
as in the PSI 8400 system. PSI channel numbers correspond
to a numbering scheme of rack or modular pressure scanĆ
ners. This channel numbering scheme identifies a particular
address to send out on the PSI 8488 cable, and it also dictates
which analog bus within the cable is sampled. It was also
important that the HP E1414 take advantage of all of the
work that has been done on SCPI to make system programĆ
ming easier and faster. This presented the software designer
with a challenge in merging the strengths of SCPI with the
need to present a familiar interface to the experienced PSI
equipment user.
The new HP E1414 pressure measurement language expands
in some areas from the PSI language. For example, the comĆ
mand to configure the pressure calibration unit in PSI 8400
language is:
PC1 CRS, LRN, Pressure Mode, Tolerance, Maximum Pressure
where CRS refers to a particular PSI 8400 frame and slot
where a pressure calibration unit might be addressed, and
LRN is a number between 1 and 12 representing a symbolic
name assigned to that pressure calibration unit. The symbolic
name is then required for other commands in the PSI system.
The corresponding HP E1414 SCPI language representation is:
CALibrate[:PRESsure]:MODE CRS, Pressure Mode
CALibrate[:PRESsure]:TOLerance CRS, Tolerance
CALibrate[:PRESsure]:MAXPressure CRS, Maximum Pressure
Note the adherence to the CRS designation. The LRN symĆ
bolic name is now an internally generated parameter, so the
programmer only needs to remember the slot position of the
pressure calibration unit in the PSI 8400 mainframe.
Another expansion of the SCPI language permits the proĆ
gramming and query of a specific parameter that is not
available in the PSI system. This becomes very important
when supporting the HP E1414 product from menuĆdriven
software packages such as HP VEE2 and HP ITG.
Pressure calibrators, transducers, and the associated
peripheral components can be very expensive since these
are pneumatic devices that require precision mechanical and
electrical fabrication. Fig. 3 represents a single HP E1414
configuration with PSI components. Some systems could be
much larger and include five or more pressure calibration
units, 500 to 750 pressure channels (which requires multiple
HP E1414s), and multiple racks to hold the pressure scanĆ
ners. Testing the software and hardware on such large sysĆ
tems required sharing expensive equipment between HP and
PSI. The project team was able to develop the HP E1414 and
its software driver on a system with just two pressure caliĆ
bration units and only six pressure scanners. Multiple HP
E1414s could have been used to simulate largeĆpointĆcount
systems under certain conditions. However, for the most part
the project team had to rely on PSI for largeĆsystem testing,
since they are the pressure transducer manufacturer and
frequently assemble largeĆpointĆcount systems to be shipped
to customers.
To minimize the need for such a wide array of expensive
equipment and to reduce the manyĆhour testing time required
to verify proper operation of software and hardware, an HP
9000 Series 300 computer with a BĆsize VXIbus mainframe
containing DAC cards was constructed by the project team
to simulate the operation of the PSI 8400, calibrators, and
pressure scanners. Each BĆsize DAC channel was connected
to one of the four analog buses on each HP E1414. Some
were chained from HP E1414 to HP E1414, and some had
separate DACs. A DAC connected to an analog bus simuĆ
lated a pressure calibration unit. Any HP E1414 channel
measured on that analog bus read the voltage output from
the associated DAC.
The simulator program was written in HP RMB and used the
HP 98624A HPĆIB card configured as a nonsystem controller.
Another HP 98624A card was used to communicate with the
BĆsize VXIbus frame. The simulator was written to simulate
up to eight pressure calibration units and permit simulation
of an indefinite number of pressure scanning ports when HP
E1414s have their analog buses chained to the same DAC.
The time investment in this simulator had big returns. Tests
could run quicker since no real pneumatic devices were
resident in the system. This approach reduced the wear on
such devices when executing long comprehensive tests by
eliminating them from the tests. Other engineers writing
drivers for HP ITG could use the simulator rather than an
actual HP/PSI system to do their development. This permitted
concurrent development of the HP E1414 and HP ITG drivers.
DACs were easier to manipulate under software control to
simulate air leaks, failure conditions, and input voltage overĆ
loads. It was also easier to characterize the measurement
integrity of the system by having direct control of input
voltages.
Many of the regression tests for the HP E1413 were easily
modified to test the HP E1414. Changes consisted mainly of
channelĆnumbering differences between the two products.
These tests included triggering, measurements, FIFO memĆ
ory and current value table integrity, and interrupts. The
selfĆtest code for the HP E1414 was literally duplicated from
October 1994 HewlettĆPackard Journal
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HP-UX is based on and is compatible with Novell’s UNIX operating system. It also complies
with X/Open’s XPG4, POSIX 1003.1, 1003.2, FIPS 151-1, and SVID2 interface specifications.
UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively
through X/Open Company Limited.
X/Open is a trademark of X/Open Company Limited in the UK and other countries.
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