International Telecommunication Union
The Impact of Video Surveillance
Technology on Future Video
Coding Standards
Dr. Michael J. Horowitz
Office of the CTO
CoVi Technologies
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
Talk Overview
ITU-T o Background
• Evolution of video surveillance
• System overview
• Video coding standards in surveillance
o Video feature requirements
o System cost considerations
o Concluding remarks
dates
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
2
Evolution of Video Surveillance
ITU-T
Imaging
Vidicon
(B&W)
CCD
Fiber
Transport
Megapixel
IP Cameras
Coax
RF
IP/Ethernet
UTP
Digital Multiplex
Storage
VCR
1970
dates
1980
DVR
1990
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
NVR
2000
3
Evolution of Video Surveillance
ITU-T
Analog Video to DVR
Megapixel IP Camera
(NTSC with CIF Encoding)
dates
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
(1280x720)
4
Video System Overview
ITU-T
Centralized IP Video
Distributed IP Video
`
`
NVR
dates
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
5
Video Coding Standards in
Surveillance
ITU-T o Simplifies exchange of video information
• Component-to-component
• Manufacturer-to-manufacturer
o Compatible with feature requirements
o Reasonable impact on system cost
dates
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
6
Video Feature Requirements
o Temporal scalability (active JVT topic)
ITU-T
• Graceful degradation of archive video
• Heterogeneous environments
• Guard on patrol
• Central monitoring station
• Forensic analysis
o Error resilience
ü
o Flexible source formats
dates
ü
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
7
Feature Requirements (continued)
ITU-T
dates
o Spatial scalability (active JVT topic)
• Graceful degradation of archive video
• Heterogeneous environments
• Selectively code regions of interest
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
8
Feature Requirements (continued)
o Low latency (<350ms one-way delay)ü
ITU-T
• Real-time viewing
• Remote camera control
o Trick modes for archival playback
• Intra-pictures
• SI and SP pictures (H.264)
o Content retrieval from archive
• Time stamp-based
• Alarm event-based (meta data)
dates
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
ü
ü
9
Feature Requirements (continued)
o Video data integrity ó
• Error detection
ITU-T
• Tamper resistance
o Alarm events from video content
û
• Motion detection
• Object tracking
• Face recognition
dates
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
10
System Cost Considerations
o Computational complexity
ITU-T
• Encoding at camera
û
• Hardware cost
• Power dissipation ⇒ Heat
o
o
Increased sensor noise
Increased mechanical cost
• Multiple simultaneous decoders
o Coding efficiency ó
• Video transport: cost per kilobits / second
• Video storage: cost per megabyte
dates
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
11
Concluding Remarks
ITU-T
o Existing & emerging video coding standards
meet most needs
o Recommended future enhancements
• Reduced computational complexity
• Enhanced tools for video data integrity
• Tools to facilitate video event generation
• Improved coding efficiency
dates
ITU- T VICA Workshop
22-23 July 2005, ITU Headquarter, Geneva
12