Vehicle Communications to Help the Environment
T. Russell Shields
Chair, Ygomi LLC
shields@ygomi.com
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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Helping Electric Vehicles Operate
Efficiently and Economically
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Electric vehicles can help reduce
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Issues
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Dependence on fossil fuels
Environmental impact of road travel
Limited driving range
Recharge time and cost
Sparse recharging infrastructure
Battery costs
Vehicle communications can make electric vehicles
more attractive to consumers by helping to address
these issues
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
2
How Vehicle Communications Can Help
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Data services
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Range determination
Remote battery and range monitoring
EV charging station location
EV battery swap station location
Economical EV charging
Voice services
• EV roadside assistance
• Battery replacement
• Push usage guidance
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
3
Helping All Vehicles Improve Their Mileage
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Vehicle owners with telematics systems can
upload their fuel / power usage data and
receive a comparison to other drivers
• Works best when integrated with real-time
traffic and road condition information
• Can compare a driver’s driving style and habits
with the most efficient ones by vehicle make
and model
• Can access fleet-wide consumption and driving
patterns under various conditions
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
4
Additional Mileage Improvements
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Provides vehicle and driver with detailed road
characteristic and driving condition
information
Vehicle automatically adjusts throttle /
transmission for upcoming hills, curves,
hazards
Vehicle can also prompt driver to adjust
speed and acceleration
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
5
Additional Mileage Improvements
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Potential for
• 3% mileage improvement without driver
prompts
• 9% to 16% improvement with driver prompts
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Volume of data and real-time needs require
delivering data in small increments, based on
location of vehicle and direction of travel
• Wireless delivery also minimizes in-vehicle
hardware costs and ensures up-to-date map
data
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
6
Using Vehicle Communications to
Revitalize Vehicle Mileage Standards
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Vehicle communications offer an opportunity
to base fuel usage / emissions regulations on
real-world data rather than tests
Currently, regulators use simulated driving
conditions in laboratory tests to determine
• Standards for fuel economy and emissions
• Vehicle manufacturer compliance with
regulations
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
7
Using Vehicle Communications to
Revitalize Vehicle Mileage Standards
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Tests do not accurately reflect actual driving
experience or maintenance status
Vehicle manufacturers develop vehicles and
deliver performance
• To maximize test results
• Not to optimize for real-world behavior
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Bottom line
• More fuel used than necessary
• More emissions generated than necessary
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
8
Refocusing Vehicle Mileage Standards
Can Change OEM Engineering Objectives
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Recent legislation and regulation require fuel
usage reduction in new vehicles
• Meeting this requirement means massive R&D
investment by vehicle manufacturers
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Basing fuel usage testing on real-world
experience will allow manufacturers to
• Refocus their engineering to optimize fuel
usage over vehicle lifespan under actual
driving conditions
• Improve vehicle maintenance
• Determine ways to retire their older vehicles
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
9
Less Fuel Consumption for the Same Investment
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As the rules are currently applied
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But if fuel usage / emissions regulations were based on realworld, life-of-vehicle averages
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Vehicle manufacturer investment will reduce real average fuel
usage by about 20% for new vehicles in 2015
The same vehicle manufacturer investment could produce real
average fuel usage reductions of over 35%* for new vehicles** in
2015
Requires the ability to gather fuel usage characteristics from
many vehicles over time
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* Based on reliable private estimates by senior vehicle manufacturer engineers
** This scenario assumes that vehicles have a basic in-vehicle communications capability
connected to the vehicle network as required by E-call, road pricing, and other applications
under development in the EU and elsewhere
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
10
Use Probe Data to Monitor
Actual Fleet-Wide Usage
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Future telematics services can directly track
fuel usage and emissions using probe data
collected from vehicle sensors
This probe data can be used to determine
actual average fuel consumption during a
vehicle’s service life, under various
• Driving conditions
• Driving styles
• Maintenance protocols
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
11
Additional Environmental Advantages from
Collecting Probe Data
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Reducing fuel usage will proportionally
reduce CO2 and other emissions
In addition, collecting probe data on actual
emissions can allow
• More effective individual enforcement at
lower cost
• The opportunity to set extended rules for
individual vehicles
• Better enforcement oversight
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
12
Taking Stock of Implementation Issues
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All relevant technology already exists
In-vehicle technology has been extensively
tested
Communications equipment is available from
many equipment suppliers
• Needed sensors are already available on the
in-vehicle network in most vehicles
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
13
Taking Stock of Implementation Issues
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The communications capability is waiting for
government initiatives
• 5.9 GHz spectrum is already allocated in
Europe and the U.S.
— Japan has allocated similar spectrum
• Action is needed to put a qualified operator in
place to build out the network on favorable
terms
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
14
Backup Slides
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
15
How Vehicle Communications Can Help
Data Services
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Range determination
• Augments in-vehicle navigation system with
real-time traffic and road conditions to
determine and display one-way and round-trip
range based on current battery charge
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Remote battery and range monitoring
• Driver-accessible Web portal to check EV
battery charge status via PC or mobile phone
• E-mail or text message to notify driver when
charging is complete
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
16
How Vehicle Communications Can Help
Data Services
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EV charging station location
• Delivers location of nearby EV charging
stations including queue status
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EV battery swap station location
• Delivers location of EV charging stations that
swap batteries (no need to wait for recharge)
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Economical EV charging
• For extended (e.g., overnight) charge,
monitors electricity rates and communicates
to the EV when charging costs are low
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
17
How Vehicle Communications Can Help
Voice Services
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EV roadside assistance
• Assisted calls from EV drivers to a dealer or
roadside assistance provider in the event of a
breakdown or service issue
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Battery replacement
• Assistance in locating a battery replacement
facility and scheduling an appointment
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Push usage guidance
• OEMs can contact EV owners with customized
guidance on ways to improve battery usage
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
18
Communications Standards to Support EVs
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Standards needed for message protocols and message
sets for delivering:
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Traffic information to navigation systems
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Charging station availability and queue length to navigation
system
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ISO/TC204* WG3 (“Map Database Technology for ITS”)
ISO/TC204 WG10 (“Traveler Information Systems”)
ISO/TC204 WG3
ISO/TC204 WG16 (“Wide-Area Communications / Protocols
and Interfaces”)
Grid status to EV to guide charging
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ISO/TC204 WG16
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* ISO/TC204 = “Intelligent Transport Systems”
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Standards to Support Mileage Improvement
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Additional standards needed for:
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Message protocols and message sets for delivering
incremental real-time map updates
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DSRC / WAVE 5.9 GHz protocols
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ISO/TC204 WG3 (“Map Database Technology for ITS”)
IEEE 802.11p Task Group
Probe data messages and protection of personal identifying
information
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ISO/TC204 WG16 (“Wide-Area
Communications / Protocols and Interfaces”)
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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