Measuring Business Access to Information & Communication Technology Michael.Minges@itu.int UNCTAD Expert Meeting on Measuring Electronic Commerce as an Instrument for the Development of the Digital Economy Geneva, 8-10 September 2003 ITU ! ! ! ! ! ! UN specialized agency for telecommunications Has been collecting statistics for 30 years With fusion of telecommunications, computers and broadcasting has expanded coverage to Information and Communication Technology indicators (ICT) Has expanded sources from administrative records to include surveys Focus on accessibility and e-readiness hence interest in ICT in business sector See www.itu.int/ti 2 Importance Contribution of ICT to output growth, 1995-99, Percent Percent of Internet users who only access from work, 2002 Ireland Japan Germany Belgium US Estonia Italy Latvia Australia Lithuania UK Canada Finland Czech Rep. UK Finland Austria France 0% 20% 40% Source: ITU adapted from OECD, SIBIS. 0 20 40 3 What to measure Access Use !PCs !Type !Internet access !Uses !Web E-commerce of connection site Benefits & Barriers !Purchases !Sales 4 Methods ! Sample survey " " " OECD, Model Questionnaire on ICT Usage and Electronic Commerce in Enterprises Eurostat, Pilot Survey National ! Universe " Size (by employees) ! ! ! ! " Micro (< 5) Often excluded Small (5 – 9) Medium (20-99) Large (100+) Industry type ! ! ! Primary Manufacturing Services Often excluded 5 Size, Example from New Zealand Business indicators by employment size 100% 90% Large 80% 70% Businesses with Internet Percent, June 2001 New Zealand Large 79 > 50 employees 95 60% 50% Medium Medium 40% 89 Small 30% 20% 10% 20-49 employees Small 6-19 employees Micro <6 employees Data not available 75 Micro 0% Firms Staff Output Source: ITU adapted from Ministry of Economic Development (New Zealand), Statistics New Zealand. 6 Good coverage of developed economies for access indicators Have Internet access Greece Luxembourg United Kingdom Spain Canada Italy Portugal Netherlands Norway Austria New Zealand Australia Sweden Finland Denmark 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Have own Web site Note: All businesses with 10 or more employees except Canada. Source: ITU adapted from OECD (beginning 2001). 7 Asian Tigers and some Economies in Transition also have data Businesses with ICTs, Percent 100 90 80 PC Internet Web site 70 PC Internet Web site 100 90 80 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 HK, China Korea, Taiwan, Singapore Rep. China 0 Estonia Latvia Lith. Poland Russia Source: ITU adapted from FIND 2002 (Taiwan, China), IDA 2002 (Singapore), C&SD 2002 8 (Hong Kong China), NCA 2001 (Korea, Rep.) & Baltic Information Society Statistics (right chart). Scarce data for developing nations & comparability questionable 100 90 80 PC Internet Web site 90 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Mexico Mauritius 100 Peru PC Internet Web site Source: ITU adapted from OECD, INEGI (Mexico, 1999, all firm sizes) and INEI (Peru, 2000, 5+ employees) & NCB (Mauritius, 2001, 10+ employees). 9 Some studies particularly for SMEs Africa, 2000 Asia, 2001- 2002 Phone Fax PC 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Tanzania Kenya PC Internet Web site 100 Sri Lanka Thailand Phil. Indonesia Source: ITU adapted from ZEF, “The Role of ICT for the Performance of SMEs in East Africa” & The Asia Foundation, “Regional Survey of SMEs’ use of eCommerce.” 10 Proxies ! ! Domain registrations in the .com.cc domain Business Internet subscriptions 11 Business Digital Divide Internet access in Chilean micro, small and medium sized firms, 2001, percent 100 90 80 68 70 60 60 50 40 32 30 20 22 11 10 0 Micro Small Medium Source: ITU adapted from INE Chile and Eurostat. Chile EU average 12 Conclusions ! ! ! ! Need to enhance visibility of existing surveys Disseminate model questionnaire Reinforce statistical capacity Focus on access indicators as first step " " " ! Businesses with PCs Businesses with Internet access Businesses with web page Target of at least 100 countries with data by 2005 13