Measuring Business Access to
Information & Communication
Technology
Michael.Minges@itu.int
UNCTAD Expert Meeting on Measuring Electronic Commerce as an
Instrument for the Development of the Digital Economy
Geneva, 8-10 September 2003
ITU
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UN specialized agency for telecommunications
Has been collecting statistics for 30 years
With fusion of telecommunications, computers and
broadcasting has expanded coverage to Information
and Communication Technology indicators (ICT)
Has expanded sources from administrative records
to include surveys
Focus on accessibility and e-readiness hence
interest in ICT in business sector
See www.itu.int/ti
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Importance
Contribution of ICT to output
growth, 1995-99, Percent
Percent of Internet users who
only access from work, 2002
Ireland
Japan
Germany
Belgium
US
Estonia
Italy
Latvia
Australia
Lithuania
UK
Canada
Finland
Czech
Rep.
UK
Finland
Austria
France
0%
20%
40%
Source: ITU adapted from OECD, SIBIS.
0
20
40
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What to measure
Access
Use
!PCs
!Type
!Internet
access
!Uses
!Web
E-commerce
of connection
site
Benefits & Barriers
!Purchases
!Sales
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Methods
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Sample survey
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OECD, Model
Questionnaire on ICT
Usage and Electronic
Commerce in Enterprises
Eurostat, Pilot Survey
National
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Universe
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Size (by employees)
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Micro (< 5)
Often
excluded
Small (5 – 9)
Medium (20-99)
Large (100+)
Industry type
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Primary
Manufacturing
Services
Often
excluded
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Size, Example from New Zealand
Business indicators by
employment size
100%
90%
Large
80%
70%
Businesses with Internet
Percent, June 2001
New
Zealand
Large
79
> 50 employees
95
60%
50%
Medium
Medium
40%
89
Small
30%
20%
10%
20-49 employees
Small
6-19 employees
Micro
<6 employees
Data not available
75
Micro
0%
Firms
Staff
Output
Source: ITU adapted from Ministry of Economic Development (New Zealand),
Statistics New Zealand.
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Good coverage of developed economies
for access indicators
Have Internet access
Greece
Luxembourg
United
Kingdom
Spain
Canada
Italy
Portugal
Netherlands
Norway
Austria
New
Zealand
Australia
Sweden
Finland
Denmark
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Have own Web site
Note: All businesses with 10 or more employees except Canada.
Source: ITU adapted from OECD (beginning 2001).
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Asian Tigers and some Economies in
Transition also have data
Businesses with ICTs, Percent
100
90
80
PC
Internet
Web site
70
PC
Internet
Web site
100
90
80
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
HK, China Korea, Taiwan, Singapore
Rep.
China
0
Estonia Latvia
Lith. Poland Russia
Source: ITU adapted from FIND 2002 (Taiwan, China), IDA 2002 (Singapore), C&SD 2002
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(Hong Kong China), NCA 2001 (Korea, Rep.) & Baltic Information Society Statistics (right chart).
Scarce data for developing nations &
comparability questionable
100
90
80
PC
Internet
Web site
90
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
Mexico
Mauritius
100
Peru
PC
Internet Web site
Source: ITU adapted from OECD, INEGI (Mexico, 1999, all firm sizes) and INEI (Peru,
2000, 5+ employees) & NCB (Mauritius, 2001, 10+ employees).
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Some studies particularly for SMEs
Africa, 2000
Asia, 2001- 2002
Phone
Fax
PC
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
Tanzania
Kenya
PC
Internet
Web site
100
Sri Lanka Thailand
Phil.
Indonesia
Source: ITU adapted from ZEF, “The Role of ICT for the Performance of SMEs in East
Africa” & The Asia Foundation, “Regional Survey of SMEs’ use of eCommerce.”
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Proxies
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Domain registrations in the .com.cc domain
Business Internet subscriptions
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Business Digital Divide
Internet access in Chilean micro, small and medium sized firms,
2001, percent
100
90
80
68
70
60
60
50
40
32
30
20
22
11
10
0
Micro
Small
Medium
Source: ITU adapted from INE Chile and Eurostat.
Chile
EU average
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Conclusions
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Need to enhance visibility of existing surveys
Disseminate model questionnaire
Reinforce statistical capacity
Focus on access indicators as first step
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Businesses with PCs
Businesses with Internet access
Businesses with web page
Target of at least 100 countries with data by
2005
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