International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
Assessment of the waste glass powder in concrete
Dr.V.Thamizharasan*
K.Sakthimurugan **
CD.Arunkumar ***
Abstract
Concrete is an important building material in construction industry. It is a homogeneous mixture
of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate along with water, the strength of concrete is
mainly depends upon the cement content. The large scale production of Portland cement and the
acquisition of aggregates from dredging and quarrying have a dramatic impact on the
environment. Consequently extensive research is ongoing into the use of Portland cement
replacements, using many waste materials and industrial byproducts, for example, Pulverized
Fuel Ash (PFA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS). The continuing debate
relating to government policy on landfill tax dictates that the use of waste from other sources is
high on the political and research agenda.In addition to the use of binder replacement materials
from waste, there is somewhat less regard given to the subject of using waste material to replace
the fine aggregate content of concrete The binding nature of cement is due to the presence of
Silica so in this paper it is planned to replace the cement partially using glass powder which is
rich in silica. In this paper some three numbers of cubes, cylinders and prisms using normal
concrete are prepared and are tested for their strength and other properties concrete specimen
using glass powder concrete was prepared and tested for their strength in compression,tension
and flexure then the test results were compared with conventional Concrete specimens finally the
effectiveness of Glass powder in strength enhancement was discussed.
Keywords: Cement ,Concrete, Coarse Aggregate , Fine Aggregate.
* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam, Thanjavur .
**Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai 73.
***Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai 73.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
Introduction
Concrete is a compound material made from sand, gravel and cement and is used in building
construction. The cement is a mixture of various minerals which when mixed with water, hydrate
and rapidly become hard binding the sand and gravel into a solid mass. The other major part of
concrete besides the cement is the aggregate. Aggregates include sand, crushed stone, gravel,
slag, ashes, burned shale, and burned clay. Fine aggregate (fine refers to the size of aggregate) is
used in making concrete slabs and smooth surfaces. Coarse aggregate is used for massive
structures or sections of cement The oldest known surviving concrete is to be found in the former
Yugoslavia and was thought to have been laid in 5,600 BC using red lime as the cement.
GLASS
Glass is an amorphous solid that has been around in various forms for thousands of years and has
been manufactured for human use since 12,000 BCE. The status of glass as a liquid, versus a
solid, has been hotly debated. The short story is that glass is a super cooled liquid, meaning that
it is rigid and static but does not change molecularly between melting and solidification into a
desired shape. Glass is one the most versatile substances on Earth, used in many applications and
in a wide variety of forms, from plain clears glass to tempered and tinted varieties, and so forth.
Glass occurs naturally when rocks high in silicates melt at high temperatures and cool before
they can form a crystalline structure. Obsidian or volcanic glass is a well known example of
naturally occurring glass, although it can also be formed by a lightning strike on a beach, which
contains silicate-rich sand. Early forms of glass were probably rife with impurities and subject to
cracking and other instability, but examples of glass beads, jars, and eating materials first
appeared in ancient Egyptian culture.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
Waste Glass Powder
Constituents
Percentage
Silica (SiO2)
72.5%
Alumina (Al2O3)
1.06%
Lime (CaO)
8%
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)
0.36%
Magnesia (MgO)
4.18%
Sodium Oxide (Na2O)
13.1%
Potassium Oxide (K2O)
0.26%
Sulphur Trioxide (SO3)
0.18%
LITERATURE REVIEW
M. Mageswari, and Dr. B.Vidivelli “ The Use of Sheet Glass Powder as Fine Aggregate
Replacement in Concrete” The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 2010, 4, 65-71
This paper examines the possibility of using SGP as a replacement in fine aggregate for a new
concrete. Natural sand was partially replaced (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) with SGP.
Compressive strength, Tensile strength (cubes and cylinders) and Flexural strength up to 180
days of age were compared with those of concrete made with natural fine aggregates. The test
results indicate that it is possible to manufacture concrete containing Sheet glass powder (SGP)
with characteristics similar to those of natural sand aggregate concrete provided that the
percentage of SGP as fine aggregate is limited to 10-20%, respectively.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
Nathan Schwarz, Hieu Cam, Narayanan Neithalath, “Influence of a fine glass powder on the
durability characteristics of concrete and its comparison to fly ash”
6 July, 2008.
A detailed investigation carried out to ascertain the durability characteristics of fine glass powder
modified concretes is reported in this paper. Tests were designed to facilitate comparisons
between concretes modified with either glass powder or fly ash at the same cement replacement
level.
Schwarz Nathan and Neithalath Narayanan, “Influence of a fine glass powder on cement
hydration
:
Comparison
to
fly
ash
and
modeling
the
degree
of
hydration”
2008, vol. 38, no4, pp. 429-436 [8 page(s) (article)] (30 ref.)
This paper reports the results of an investigation carried out to understand the influence of a fine
glass powder on cement hydration. The pozzolanicity of the glass powder was evaluated using
strength activity index over a period of time, and a rapid electrical conductivity based method. It
was observed that the glass powder modified pastes show higher non-evaporable water contents
indicating that glass powder facilitates enhancement in cement hydration.
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Preparation of Glass Powder
Glass powder is prepared by crushing the waste glasses using Los Angeles abrasion testing
machine which is similar to ball mill.
Crushing of waste glasses
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
Finely Grinded Glass powder
DETAILS OF TEST SPECIMEN
Size of Cube: 150 mm x 150 mm x150 mm
Size of Cylinder : 300 mm Height , 150 mm Diameter
Size of Prism : 150 mm x 150 mm x 700 mm
Grade of concrete = M20
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Compression test on Cubes
Dimension of Specimen : 150 x 150 x 150 mm
Days of Curing : 28 Days
Table 4.4 Compression test on Cubes
Compressive
Load in x 103N
S.N
o
Type of Specimen
1
Conventional
595
625
2
5 % Glass
Powder
850
965
Trial
1
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Trial
2
Trial
3
Strength in N/mm2
Mean
Trial
1
600
606.6
26.44
27.78 26.67
27
950
921.6
37.78
42.89 42.22
40.96
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Trial
2
Trial
3
Mean
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
3
10 % Glass
Powder
780
870
850
833.3
34.67
38.67 37.78
37
4
15 % Glass
Powder
690
720
790
733.3
30.67
32
32.59
35.11
TENSION TEST ON CYLINDERS (INDIRECT TENSION)
Dimension of Specimen : 150mm Diameter, 300mm Height
Days of Curing : 28 Days
Table 4.5 Indirect Tension test on Cylinders
Split Tensile
Load in x 103N
Strength in N/mm2
S.N
o
Type of Specimen
1
Conventional
187.5
175
162.5
175
2.65
2.475 2.275
2.47
2
5 % Glass
Powder
225
240
230
231.6
3.18
3.39
3.27
3
10 % Glass
Powder
190
200
175
188.3
2.69
2.828 2.475
Trial
1
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Trial
2
Trial
3
Mean
Trial
1
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Trial
2
Trial
3
3.25
Mean
2.65
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
4
15 % Glass
Powder
180
190
175
181.7
2.54
2.69
2.475
2.56
FLEXURE TEST ON PRISMS
Dimension of Specimen: 150 x 150 x 700 mm
Days of Curing : 28 Days
Flexure test on Prisms
Flexural
S.N
o
Type of Specimen
1
Conventional
2
3
Load in x 103N
Strength in N/mm2
Trial
1
Trial
2
Trial
3
Mean
Trial
1
Trial
2
Trial
3
Mean
15.4
16.5
16
15.97
2.73
2.93
2.84
2.83
5 % Glass
Powder
21
19
18.8
19.6
3.73
3.37
3.34
3.48
10 % Glass
Powder
20
21.2
21.6
20.93
3.55
3.76
3.83
3.72
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
4
15 % Glass
Powder
23.2
22.8
22
22.67
4.12
4.05
3.91
4
CONCLUSION
From the test results the following conclusions were drawn
Conventional concrete shows a 28 days compressive strength as 27 N/mm2 ,
Split tensile strength of 2.47 N/mm2 and a flexural strength of 2.83 N/mm2
Replacement of glass powder in cement by 5%,10% and 20% increases the compressive
strength by 51.7 %,37% and 20.7% respectively.
Replacement of glass powder in cement by 5%,10% and 20% increases the tensile
strength by 32.3%,7.28% and 3.64% respectively.
Replacement of glass powder in cement by 5%,10% and 20% increases the Flexural
strength by 22.97%,31.45% and 41.34% respectively.
Glass powder concrete increases the compressive strength, tensile strength and also the
flexural strength effectively.
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REFERENCES
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume2 Issue1 Number1 – Jul 2011
12. Carpenter, A.J. and Cramer, S.M. Mitigation of ASR in Pavement Patch Concrete that
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