International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology(IJETT) – Volume18Number3 - Dec2014
Life Saving Breaker System for Hasty Drivers
Banothu Sujatha1, B Santosh Kumar 2
1
PursuingM.Tech (ES), 2 Assistant Professor& HOD (ECE Department)
1 2
, Visvesvaraya College of Engineering and Technology (VCET), M.P.Patelguda, Ibrahimpatnam ,RangaReddy, Telangana,
INDIA
Abstract- The main concept of this proposed system is to
avoid accidents. Accident happens mainly due to rash
driving of vehicle or driving the vehicles with over speed.
So accidents would be reduced when the vehicles will move
with less speed. Firstly we need to verify with which speed
the vehicles are moving, if they have crossed the
recommended speed then we need to take the respective
charge against the vehicle to reduce the speed of the
vehicle. To perform that task we are going to use GPS
(Global Positioning System) module. When the vehicle is
moving at higher speed than the recommended speed the
LED placed on the front side will be glowing.
Basically the GPS is going to transmit the data
string to controller using serial communication.
the speed to be 40kmph then according to that when the
vehicle have reached the school zone driver have to reduce the
speed to 40kmph or else LED is going to glow indicating high
speed. But here the problem arises how to identify whether it
is a school zone area or highway. For that reason we are going
to initially calculate the latitude and longitude values of the
place using the satellite, so these values varies according to
the place. With that we are going to identify the location
details and these values need to be stored in the controller.
GPS is going to transmit the values all the time to the
controller so it is being compared all the time.
With help of this proposed system we are going to
save lumps of money for government by removing sign
boards, because it would be initially fed into data base.
Keywords: GPS, PWM technique.
I.
II.
A.
INTRODUCTION
Most of the countries have faced problems of losing
its citizens due to road accidents every year. Many parents
have lost their children and many have been left physically
handicapped. Most of them have been caused due to over
speed, so to automatically reduce the speed of the vehicle we
have proposed this paper. It is to solve these problems by
using the Global Positioning System (GPS). We are going to
prepare a device called Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA),
which is used to calculate the speed of the vehicle. We are
going to place this in the vehicle and it is going to receive the
values from National Marine Electronics Association
(NMEA), according to the values we are going to calculate the
speed of the vehicle. It is being interconnected with the ECU
(engine control unit), when the speed has been increased then
the ISA will automatically reduce the speed of the vehicle.
Thus this paper is going to provide the information
about the communication of the GPS with vehicle speed, LCD
display, speed indicating LED, and ECU. our project main
aim is to provide the simple and low cost effective system
which is going to indicate the driver about speed of his vehicle
and also if required it is going to reduce the speed of the
vehicle. By using this project we can perform two task 1) to
set the vehicle with the constant speed throughout his journey
2) by default we can set different places with different speeds.
For example on highways the maximum speed could 80kmph,
when the vehicle crosses the 80kmph then only the LED is
going to indicate the high speed. At school zone we have fixed
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
LPC2148
The controller which we are using is ARM 7 LPC
2148. The main advantage of this controller is, it has many inbuilt applications. The feature of LPC 2148 has many
essential features. They are
1) 64 pins IC with Quadra-pack.
2) It does 32-bit operations.
3) It has 512 kb flash memory.
4) It has 8kb SRAM.
5) It requires 1ms to erase 256 bytes of data and
400ms to erase complete memory.
6) In-built ADC with 14-channels and bit
resolution is 10-bit.
7) Only one DAC with 10-bit resolution.
8) It has two timers/external event counters.
9) In-built RTC with clock frequency of 32 khz.
10) In-built USB 2.0.
11) In-built I2C.
12) In-built SPI and SSP.
B. LCD DISPLAY
Here LCD display is the output device used to give
information. They can display the data of 32 characters. In our
project it is used to display the location co-ordinates,
recommended speed at that particular location and the current
speed of the vehicle on LCD. Here LCD is connected to the
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology(IJETT) – Volume18Number3 - Dec2014
PORT C of LPC2148. The display is provided with 8-bit data
lines for the purpose of parallel data transfer.
Table for pin out of LCD
PIN NO.
1,3,5,16
2,15
4
6
7-14
CONNECTED TO
GROUND
+5V
PORT B 2
PORT B 3
PORT C
MESSAGE
ID
UTC time
Latitude
N/S Indicator
Longitude
E/W indicator
C. GPS Device
Here GPS receiver is the crucial one, where we receive the
data about the latitude and longitude values. By using that we
can also read the data about the speed, the vehicle is moving
with. The module consists of 20-channels which are used to
receive the data from the satellite. The latitude and longitude
values changes with for every 5-10mts, as they are sufficient
to provide the change in values. It is going to perform its task
utilizing baud rate of 9600 bps. It takes only 1μs to update its
value and send it to the controller. So to avoid interference we
need to mount the GPS device on a separate board and need to
connect it to controller using jumping cables. It has six pins
1) Pin1 (GND)
2) Pin2 (VCC)
3) Pin3 (RX)
4) Pin4 (TX)
5) Pin5 (GND)
6) Pin6 (PPS)
The RX pin is used to receive data/information from the
controller and the TX pin is used to transmit the information
from GPS to the Micro Controller Unit. Table below gives
information about pin diagram of GPS.
Table for pin out of GPS to MCU
PIN
NO.
PIN DESCRIPTION
CONNECTION
TO
1
Ground(GND)
GND
2
Reference voltage (VCC)
+5V
3
Receive channel(RX)
Port A 4
4
Transmit channel(TX)
PORT A 5
5
Ground(GND)
GND
6
Pulse per Second(PPS)
X
Let us consider the sample format of the data received from
the GPS receiver
$GPGGA,161229.487,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,07,1.0,9.
0,M,,,,0000*18
UNITS
161229.48
7
3748.4361
N
ddmm.mmmm
N=north
s=south
dddmm.mmm
m
E=east
w=west
See table
below
Range 0 to 12
12158.341
6
W
1
MSL
ALTITUDE
UNITS
GEOID
SEPERATIO
N
UNITS
AGE OF
DIFF. CORR.
9.0
METERS
M
METERS
METERS
M
METERS
SECOND
S
DIFF REF
STATION ID
CHECK
SUM
<CR><LF>
0000
07
1.0
Horizon
dilution of
precision
Null fields
when DGPS is
not used.
*18
End of msg
Table for position fix indicator
Value
0
1
2
3
Description
Fix not available or invalid
GPS SPS Mode, fix valid
Differential GPS, SPS mode, fix valid
GPS PPS Mode, fix valid
The speed of the robo on which GPS has been mounted is
being read using serial communication. So the data received
by the controller will consist of speed in terms of knots. But
our recommended speed should be in terms of miles per hour.
So we need to convert the knots into miles per second. As we
know that 1knot = 1.150789miles per hour.
TABLE FOR DESCRIPTION OF GPS VALUES
EXAMPL
E
GGA protocol
header
hhmmss.sss
Position fix
indicator
Satellites
used
HDOP
It is the sample format received from the GPS
NAME
$GPGGA
DESCRIPTIO
N
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology(IJETT) – Volume18Number3 - Dec2014
III.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
V.
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
A. KEIL MICRO VISION 4
LCD
POWER
SUPPLY
LPC 2148
LED
BOARD
GPS
MOTOR
DRIVER
MOTOR
Fig 1:
IV.
Block diagram
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Our project main theme is to reduce the accidents
happening due to over speed. So for that we need to identify
the places where we need to go slow. Here we are going to use
GPS to perform the activities of calculating the latitude and
longitude values along with the speed of the robo.
So we need to initially store the values of
recommended speed in our controller along with the latitude
and longitude values. We are going to set the range of values
with latitude and longitude values along with recommended
speed.
We then board the GPS on the robo and we let it go.
It will move with initially specified speed. Controller will be
receiving the values from GPS all the time. Internally our
code will be utilized to compare the values received from the
GPS. So when the values match with the internally stored
values then controller is going to read the speed of the vehicle.
When the speed of the vehicle is lesser than recommended
then just green LED is glowed. If the speed of the vehicle is
greater than the recommended one, then we need to reduce the
speed of the vehicle.
To reduce the speed of the vehicle we are going to
use PWM technique. Initially we are going to send the 100%
ON pulse. Later when we need to reduce the speed we have to
send the ON pulse with only 80%, then the speed will be
reduced by 20%. So according to the requirement we need to
send the ON pulse. Thus according to the required value robo
speed will be reduced.
Here the vehicle will be moving with the
recommended speed only within the range of specified
latitude and longitude values. Thus our prototype performs the
task assigned to it. Here ECU (Engine Control Unit) is the
main unit its assigned task is to control the speed. So here we
are showing the prototype so we are controlling using PWM
technique.
It is one of the versions of keil micro vision used to perform
the task of coding required to drive the hardware components.
The coding should be written in embedded c format and need
to save with .c extension.
Following are steps required to perform the coding.
1) Click on the icon keil u vision4 placed on the
desktop, then keil IDE opens.
2) Now click on the project icon available in the
toolbar. Click on the new project in the dialogue box,
give the project name, and save it in the specified
location. A new dialogue box opens.
3) Select NXP and then LPC2138 controller from the
list.
4) Then add the start up files by selecting OK from the
new dialogue box opened.
5) Now click on the file and select the new file.
6) Again click on the file in the toolbar and select the
save from the dialogue box.
7) Now give your file name as your project name and
end with .c extension.
8) Now write the code according to the requirement of
the project.
9) Click on the file and again select the save option.
10) Now go to project window on the left side and right
click on the source group, then select add files
option.
11) Select your required c file and click ok.
12) Click on the build option and then click on rebuild
option.
13) Your code will be complied. If your code consists of
any errors or warnings, they are showed at the
bottom of the page.
14) Then rectify those by clicking on the error.
15) Now your embedded c code is ready without any
errors. Your requirement is to generate HEX file to
dump into your controller.
16) So we need to click on target options beside rebuild
option.
17) Here select crystal frequency you are using on your
hardware board.
18) Then select output from the dialogue box and tick the
box create the HEX file and click ok.
19) Now again click on build and rebuild. You can see
that your hex file will be created with your project
title.
Thus it is process to undergo with the coding part for your
project.
ISSN: 2231-5381http://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 136
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology(IJETT) – Volume18Number3 - Dec2014
VII.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
VI.
Basically we have introduced this project with some artificial
intelligence to the vehicle. Whenever our vehicle is going to
enter into the privileged areas it is going to reduce its speed on
its own. Let us consider we have fixed the latitude and
longitude values according to the school zone. So when it
enters into that region it is going to decrease the speed of the
robo. By the development of this project we are going to save
lives of many people.We can further modify this project by
adding GPRS setting to that when the vehicle is moving with
higher speed than the recommended one, then those values
will be recorded into the server and severe punishments will
be given to the respective persons.
ALGORITHM
START
RECEIVE
VALUES FROM
GPS
VIII.REFERENCES
COMPARE
FORMAT$
NO
GPGGA
YES
1.
TAKE DOWN
LATITUDE AND
LONGITUDE
2.
3.
COMPARE
THEM WITH
NO
IN-BUILT
[1] "FARS Encyclopedia." FARS Encyclopedia.National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. http://wwwfars.nhtsa. dot.gov/Main/index.aspxJ. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on
Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892.
[2]"ATmega128 Datasheet." Atmel Corporation. Atmel Corporation,
n.d.Web.15Dec.2012.http://www.atmel.com/devices/atmega128.aspx.
[3]"Variable Speed Limits." FHWA Safety Program. Department of
Transportation, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013.
[4] B.Karthikeyan and M Tamileniyan. Article:Dynamic Data update
for Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) System. International Journal
of Computer Applications 11(1):8-13, December 2010. Published By
Foundation of Computer Science.
[5]"EM-406A Datasheet." Sparkfun.com. GlobalSat, n.d. Web. 21
Feb. 2013.
[6]Skaff, Luke. "GM OBD-I ALDL Microcontroller Scan Interface."
Luke Skaff, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. http://lukeskaff.com/?pageid=305.
VAUES
IX. AUTHOR DETAILS
YES
Speed
compari
son. ?
LESSER
GREATER
Reduce speed
with PWM
STOP
Fig 2: Flow chart describes working process
ISSN: 2231-5381http://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 137
BanothuSujatha,Pursuing
Mtech
(ES) from Visvesvaraya College of
Engineering and Technology (VCET),
M.P.Patelguda,
Ibrahimpatnam,
RangaReddy, Telangana, INDIA
B.SanthoshKumar,working
as
Assistant Professor & HOD (ECE
Department)
from
Visvesvaraya
College
of
Engineering
and
Technology
(VCET),
M.P.Patelguda,Ibrahimpatnam,
RangaReddy.HePursuingPh.D
in
Wireless Communications .He has
more than nine years of Experience in
Teaching Field.