International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 4 – Sep 2014 Localization and Control of Production Line Conveyer System by Using UHF-RFID Signals M.Venkateswaran#1, V.Rajakumar*2 1# Assistant professor, Department of EEE, The Kavery Engineering College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. 2* Post graduate Student (ME-Embedded systems), Department of EEE, The Kavery Engineering College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract— This paper proposes a technique that enables localization and control of production line conveyer system by utilizing Ultra High Frequency (UHF) passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The proposed technique can be used in real-industries such as Production conveyer systems and Temperature chambers and many different goods are dispersed throughout a wide area. In this method there are two UHF RFID readers with identical emission configuration attached to an object to identify a reference RFID tag. By using the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) obtained by the readers from the reference RFID tag, the precise position of the moving object can be localized. The experiments bear out the effectiveness of the proposed technique in accurately estimating the object position. Keywords— UHF-RFID, RSSI. I. INTRODUCTION Now a days the present organizations and industries are increasing rapidly and moving towards automation systems. There are two principle components of today’s industrial automations are programmable controllers. In order to support the tedious work and to serve up the mankind, today there is a general needs to develop a smart operation. The proposed arrangement “LOCALIZATION AND CONTROL OF PRODUCTION LINE CONVEYER BY USING THE UHF-RFID SIGNALS” is designed and developed to achieve the various tasks in an adverse environment of an industry. The intelligent of this project is highly technical advancement implemented. This prototype system can be applied effectively and efficiently for the requirement of industrial and research and commercial applications. In this project microcontroller is used and this is the heart of the system which can handles all the peripherals’ devices connected across it. It contains flash type reprogrammable memory. It has some peripheral devices to play with this project to perform well. It also consist a power supply to provide sufficient power supply to inbuilt peripheral devices. The peripheral device also consumes very less power in operation mode. These are the advantages, those appear here. II. EXISTING SYSTEM. For moving conveyer to be successful and grateful, they have to navigate safely in populated and lively environments. While recent research has lead to a variety of ISSN: 2231-5381 localization methods that can track conveyer well in static environment and we have still lack of methods that can robustly localize moving conveyer in lively environments. But in this methods people block the conveyer sensors and wires for extensive periods of time or the position of furniture may change. To overcome this kind of problem, this paper is posted. III. PROPOSED METHED A. Position estimation in dynamic environments This paper proposes extensions to Markov localization algorithms enabling them to localize production line conveyer and control even in thickly populated environments. There are two different filters working for determining the “believability” of sensor readings is employed. These filters are designed and implemented to detect sensor readings that are corrupted by humans or unexpected changes in the environment. This technique implemented and applied as part of an installation, in which a localization and control of production line conveyer system t in this project. B. Self-localization with RFID snapshots in densely tagged environments In this paper we achieved that, despite some disadvantageous properties of radio frequency identification (RFID), it is possible to localize and control of production line conveyer system accurately in environments which are densely tagged. I presented probabilistic _ngerprinting technique called RFID snapshots. This technique interprets short series of RFID measurements as feature vectors and is able to position a moving conveyer after a training phase. It does not require explicit sensor model and is capable of exploiting given tag infrastructures, e.g., shelves containing labelled products in shopping malls and super markets. IV. RFID HARDWARE DESCRIPTION A. Transponders or Tag The Transponder or tag is fixed on to the any moving object to be tracked in the production conveyer. When this transponder or tag comes within the range of the reader or integrator, the tag is going to be energized. Now, this tag transmits the data to the RFID reader. This data is http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 157 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 4 – Sep 2014 automatically sent to the microcomputer for further processing. In this system RTC (Real time clock) used to find out what time which tag sensed and corresponding tag signal sent to microcomputer. These all details are displayed on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) .The same is sent to the EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) or Flash memory for used as a backup. This data can be stored, and retried easily. The reader produces power to the tag (transponder), by emitting a radio frequency wave. The passive tag then responds by modulating the energizing field. This modulation can be decoded by the decoder to yield the tags unique code, intrinsic in the tag. After the processing resultant data can be the passed to a computer. Tags have various most important features apart from their physical size and other available features are Read Only, Read Write and Anti-Collision. B. Passive tag and reader Operating Principles of RFID Systems: Passive tags of the power source energized by the reader itself, It is not contains any other power source apart from self power source, practically they have very long lifetimes. A drawback over active tags is the read range; typically 2cm (1in) to 1.5m (4.5 ft), a strong positive is individual tag cost. RFID Passive tag is compressed in an integrated electronic chip and an antenna coil that includes basic modulation circuitry and non-volatile memory. For most general purpose applications, the passive tags are usually the most cost effective. These are manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and materials. There are durable plastic tags for disappointing retail theft, tiny tracking tags which are inserted beneath an animal's skin, wafer thin tags for use within "smart" paper labels, and credit card sized tags for access control. Generally most cases the amount of data storage of a passive tag is quite limited and capacity frequently being measured in bits as opposed to bytes. However for most applications only a small amount of data usually needs to be codified and stored on the tag memory. Most of the tags are carry an un-alterable unique electronic serial number, which makes RFID passive tags potentially very useful in applications where item tracking is needed. There are many varieties of different operating principles for RFID systems. But most important principle is inductive coupling, which is described in detail below. Inductive coupling: An inductively coupled transponder consists of an electronic data-carrying device in single chip and a large area coil that works as an antenna. Inductively coupled transponders are always operated passively. That means all the energy needed for the operation of the microchip has to be provided by the reader itself. For this purpose, the reader's antenna coil generates a strong magnetic field as high frequency, which penetrates the cross section of the coil area and the area around the coil. Because the frequency wavelength range is many times greater than the distance between the reader antenna and the transponder and the electromagnetic field might be treated as a simple magnetic alternating field with respect to the distance between transponder and antenna. A tiny part of the produced field penetrates the antenna coil of the transponder, which is some distance out from the coil of the reader. A voltage (V) is generated in the transponder's antenna coil by the induction. This voltage is converted in DC (Direct current) and the power supply provided for the data carrying device. A capacitor is connected in parallel with the reader's antenna coil and the value of the capacitance is selected such manner that, It combines with the coil inductance of the antenna coil to form a parallel resonant circuit, with a resonant frequency. This frequency corresponds with the transmission frequency of the reader. Very high currents are developed in the antenna coil of the reader by resonance step-up in the parallel resonant circuit, which can be used to develop the required field strengths for the operation of the transponder. The antenna coil of the transponder and the capacitor C is used to form a resonant circuit tuned to the transmission frequency of the readers. Figure 1 – Different types of Tag ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 158 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 4 – Sep 2014 linear arrays of antennas with roundly polarized fields. Each antenna is collected of a pair of crossed rods staged to have adjacent antennas of an array generate roundly polarized fields of opposite rotation. Figure 2 – Principle of Inductive coupling The voltage V at the transponder coil reaches a maximum value due to resonance step up in the parallel resonant circuits. As Explained above, inductively coupled systems are depended upon a transformer type of coupling between the primary coil in the reader and the secondary coil in the transponders. This is real when the distance between the coils do not exceed 0.16 times of the wavelength, so that the transponder is located in the near field of the transmitter antenna. If a resonant transponder is placed within the magnetic alternating field of the reader antenna, then this consumes energy from the magnetic field. So this additional power consumption is measured as voltage drop at the internal resistance in the reader antenna by the supply current to the reader antenna. The switching ON & OFF of the load resistance at the antenna of the transponder therefore effects of voltage changes at the reader's antenna and thus has the effect of a voltage modulation of the antenna voltage by the remote transponder. If the load resistor switching (ON & OFF control) is controlled by the data, then this data can be transferred from the transponder to the reader. So this type of data transfer is called load modulation. To get back the data in the reader, the voltage is rectified to measure at the reader's antenna. This signifies the demodulation of an amplitude modulated signal. The advantages of a passive tag are: • The tag works without a battery; these tags have a useful life more than 20 years. • The cost of the tag is very less • The tag is very tiny size (some tags comes, looks like rice size). The vector components of the polarization in the direction crossways the width of the conveyor have peaks and nulls, and the interspersed arrays are arranged such a manner that the nulls of one array fields are enclosed with the peaks of the other array fields. These arrangements permit the reader to the identifier from the tag when the tag is at any direction. A tag at the side of the reader is allied in the direction of travel by rails on the conveyor. The reader has antennas allied in the direction of travel to read such tags. V. BLOCK DIAGRAM: Figure 3 - Bock diagram for localization and control of production line conveyer system. VI. CONCLUSION The progress is nonstop process in science & technology. New things and new technology are always being invented. As the technology improvements day by day, we can imagine about the future in which thing we may occupy every place. The planned system based on Atmel corporation microcontrollers is found to be more compact, user friendly and more compact and less compound, which can willingly be used in order to perform good task. Several tedious and cyclic tasks though it is designed keeping in mind that the need for industry, it can comprehensive for other purposes such as research and commercial applications. • This tag functions at all environments. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my sincere thanks to the management of THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE for providing adequate facilities to complete the thesis. Antenna: A reader reads identifiers from tags on wallet or pallet conveyed past the reader. The reader includes two intersperse I immensely grateful and sincerely convey my thanks to our honorable Principal Dr.V.VENKATACHALAM, B.E., M.S., M.Tech., Ph.D who has been my constant source of inspiration. • This tags are unlimited consumer application. ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 159 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 4 – Sep 2014 I express my sincere thanks to the Head of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department and project in charge Mr. S. KARTHICK, M.E., (Ph.D) for providing adequate laboratory facilities to complete the thesis. I wish to express deep sense of gratitude and loyalty to my Project Guide Mr. VENKATESWARAN, BE, ME., for being the beacon of guidance in my project and motivating me in every possible manner and without whom this project could not have materialized. BIOGRAPHIES I feel proud in sharing this success with staff members and friends who help directly or indirectly in completing the thesis successfully. Above all, I thank Almighty for giving me the strength, courage and blessings to complete this project. REFERENCES Mr.Rajakumar.V was born in Tamil Nadu, India in 1987. He is studying Master of Engineering from The kavery Engineering college affiliated to Anna University in Tamil Nadu, India. He has received Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Directorate of technical Education in 2006 and He has received Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 2012 from Vinayakamission University Tamil Nadu, India. His research interest is Moving production line conveyer localization. [1] S. Han, H. Lim and J. Lee, “An efficient localization scheme for a differential-drive mobile robot based on RFID system,” IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 3362– 3369, Dec. 2007 [2] B.-S. Choi, J.-W. Lee, J.-J. 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