International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 1 – Sep 2014
Study on Effect of Some Parameters on
Drilling
K. Usha Rani
Guide: A.SreenivasuluReddy
Asst.Professor
Academic Consultant
Dept.of Mechanical Engineering
School of Engg & Tech
Sri Padmavathi Mahila University,TIrupathi
Chittor Dist,Andhra Pradesh
India-517502
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
S.V.U. College of engg,
Tirupati,Chittor(Dist),Andhra Pradesh
India-517502
ABSTRACT
This project work entitled “Study on effect
of some parameters on drilling” is carried out
in the machine tool laboratory, Department of
Mechanical Engineering. Drilling process is
one of the important process in Engineering
Industries particularly in metal cutting area,
hence great emphasis should be given to this
process.
drill may produce one as much as 0.5 mm
oversize
•
The rotary motion is called cutting
or main motion.
•
The drill is moved in a straight line
towards the fixed work piece. This
movement is called feed and it controls the
thickness of the chips
In the present work, effects of parameters
such as speed, feed, point angle of drill tool,
during drilling of mild steel with HSS drill bit
are studied. From this, the parameters such as
thrust force, torque, power, temperature and
chip thickness are calculated. Finally, the
combined effects of machining parameters are
studied and their optimal levels are
recommended.
INTRODUCTION
Drilling is the operation of producing a
cylindrical hole by removing metal by the
rotating edge of a cutting tool called the
drill. The drilling is one of the simplest
methods of producing a hole. Before
drilling the centre of the hole is located on
the work piece by drawing two lines at
right angles to each other and then a centre
punch is used to produce an indentation at
the centre. The drill point is pressed at this
centre point to produce the required hole.
Drilling does not produce an accurate hole
in a work piece and the hole so generated
by drilling becomes rough and the hole is
always slightly oversize than the drill used
due to the vibration of the spindle and the
drill. A 12 mm drill may produce a hole as
much as 0.125 mm oversize and a 22 mm
ISSN: 2231-5381
Drilling action on drill machine
(a) Cutting motion (b) feed motion
Base:
The base of a radial drilling machine is a
large rectangular casting that is finished on
its top to support a column on its one end
and to hold the work table at the other end.
In some machines T- slots are provided on
the base for clamping work when it serves
as a table.
Column:
The column is a cylindrical casting that is
mounted vertically at one end of the base.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 1 – Sep 2014
It supports the radial arm which may slide
up or down on its face.
Radial arm:
The radial arm that is mounted on the
column extends horizontally over the base.
It is a massive casting with its front
vertical face accurately machined to
provide guide ways on which the drill he
may be made to slide. The arm may be
swung round the column. In son machines
this movement is controlled by a separate
motor.
Drill head:
The drill head is mounted on the radial arm
and drives tile drill spindle. It encloses all
the mechanism for driving the drill at
multiple^ speed and at different feed. All
the mechanisms and controls are house
within a small drill head which may be
made to slide on the guide ways of the arm
for adjusting the position of drill spindle
with respect to the work.
Spindle drive and feed mechanism:
There are two common methods of driving
the spindle. A constant speed motor is
mounted at the extreme end of the radial
arm which balances partially the weight of
the overhanging arm. The motor drives a
horizontal spindle which runs along the
length of the arm and the motion is
transmitted to the drill head through bevel
gears. By train of gearing within the drill
head, the speed of the spindle may be
varied. Through another train of gearing
within the drill head, different feeds of the
spindle are obtained
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
 Watt Meter (0-5000 watts)
 Thrust Force (kgf) and Torque (kg-m)
meter
 Temperature Gun (centigrade)
 Micrometer
 Speed variable(m/s)
 Feed (mm/rev)
ISSN: 2231-5381
Experiment procedure:
A new tool (HSS) of Addison Company
was used for experimental work, it had
point angle of 1180.
Table Properties of HSS:
1
2
3
4
5
6
Density
Poisson’s
Ratio
Young’s
Modulus
Coefficient of
thermal
expansion
Specific heat
capacity
Thermal
conductivity
7827.08kg/m3
0.27
199948MPA
1.17*10-05/C
4.73341*10 08
mm2/sec2
43.0125N/sec C
The process is performed by keeping any
one of speed or feed kept constant and
other parameter varied. The process
carried out under various point angles such
as 100o, 110 o, 118 o, 100o. The following
observations were made.
TABLE 1: FOR DIFFERENT CUTTING
SPEEDS
Point angle=100O,drill bit size=18mm,Cutting
feed=0.36mm/rev were kept constant and then
response of the following parameters are recorded
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 1 – Sep 2014
S
L
.
N
O
.
1
CUT
TING
SPEE
D
(rpm)
2
300
3
350
4
400
250
TH
R
US
T
(kg
f)
40
1
43
6
46
0
49
2
TO
RQ
UE
kgm)
POW
ER
(watts
)
TEMP
ERAT
URE
(0c)
CHIP
THIC
KNE
SS
(mm)
2.2
1300
57
0.45
2.6
1500
65
0.75
3.0
1700
72
0.81
3.3
1800
82
0.91
TABLE 2: FOR DIFFERENT FEEDS
Point angle=100,drill bit size=18mm,Cutting
Speed=300rpm were kept constant and then
response of the following parameters are recorded
S
L
.
N
O
.
1
FEE
D
(m
m/r
ev)
TH
RU
ST
(kgf
)
TO
RQ
UE
kgm)
PO
WE
R
(watt
s)
TEMP
ERAT
URE
(0c)
CHIP
THIC
KNES
S
(mm)
0.15
277
1.1
1100
58
0.34
2
0.2
321
1.6
1200
60
0.47
3
0.3
391
2.2
1300
68
0.71
4
0.36
450
2.6
1500
76
0.87
TABLE 3: FOR DIFFERENT CUTTING
SPEEDS
Point angle=110O,drill bit size=18mm,Cutting
feed=0.36mm/rev were kept constant and then
response of the following parameters are recorded
S
L
.
N
O
.
CUT
TIN
G
SPE
ED
(rpm
)
TH
RU
ST
(kgf
)
TO
RQ
UE
kgm)
POW
ER
(watts
)
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
(0c)
CHIP
THIC
KNE
SS
(mm)
1
2
3
4
250
300
350
400
391
430
458
481
2.1
2.3
2.9
3
1200
1450
1600
1800
55
63
69
80
0.47
0.54
0.59
0.61
ISSN: 2231-5381
TABLE 4: FOR DIFFERENT FEEDS
Point angle=110 O,drill bit size=18mm,Cutting
Speed=300rpm were kept constant and then
response of the following parameters are
recorded
S
L
.
N
O
.
1
2
3
4
FE
ED
(m
m/r
ev)
TH
RU
ST
(kgf
)
TO
RQ
UE
kgm)
POW
ER
(watts
)
TEMP
ERAT
URE
(0 c)
CHIP
THIC
KNE
SS
(mm)
0.1
5
0.2
0.3
0.3
6
269
1.0
900
55
0.34
315
384
441
1.5
2.0
2.4
1100
1200
1400
59
66
74
0.38
0.49
0.56
TABLE 5: FOR DIFFERENT CUTTING
SPEEDS
Point angle=130 O,drill bit size=18mm,Cutting
feed=0.36mm/rev were kept constant and then
response of the following parameters are
recorded
S
L
.
N
O
.
1
2
3
4
CU
TTI
NG
SPE
ED
(rp
m)
250
300
350
400
TH
RU
ST
(kgf
)
TO
RQ
UE
kgm)
POW
ER
(watts
)
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
(0c)
CHIP
THIC
KNE
SS
(mm)
390
425
456
475
1.9
2.2
2.6
2.9
1150
1400
1500
1700
55
62
67
79
0.61
0.65
0.71
0.74
TABLE 6: FOR DIFFERENT FEEDS
Point angle=130 O,drill bit size=18mm,Cutting
Speed=300rpm were kept constant and then
response of the following parameters are
recorded
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 1 – Sep 2014
S
L
.
N
O
.
1
2
3
4
FE
ED
(m
m/r
ev)
TH
RU
ST
(kgf
)
TO
RQ
UE
kgm)
POW
ER
(watts
)
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
(0c)
CHIP
THIC
KNE
SS
(mm)
0.1
5
0.2
0.3
0.3
6
269
0.8
900
55
0.46
309
375
430
1.4
1.9
2.3
1000
1200
1350
59
65
73
0.49
0.57
0.67
S
L
.
N
O
.
1
2
3
4
CUT
TIN
G
SPE
ED
(rpm
)
250
300
350
400
TH
RU
ST
(kg
f)
TO
RQ
UE
kgm)
POWE
R
(watts)
TEMP
ERAT
URE
(0c)
CHIP
THIC
KNES
S
(mm)
369
416
452
468
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.3
1100
1300
1400
1500
52
57
62
69
0.9
0.92
0.98
1
TABLE 8: FOR DIFFERENT FEEDS
TABLE 7: FOR DIFFERENT CUTTING
SPEEDS
Point angle=1180,drill bit size=18mm,Cutting
feed=0.36mm/rev were kept constant and then
response of the following parameters are
recorded
S
L.
N
O
.
1
2
3
4
FEE
D
(mm/
rev)
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.36
TH
RU
ST
(kg
f)
257
296
358
422
TO
RQ
UE
kgm)
0.6
1.2
1.7
1.8
POW
ER
(watt
s)
750
950
1150
1300
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
(0c)
53.6
55.4
63.9
71.3
CHIP
THIC
KNES
S
(mm)
0.6
0.67
0.78
0.8
Point angle=118 O,drill bit size=18mm,Cutting
Speed=300rpm were kept constant and then
response of the following parameters are
recorded
Thrust force, Torque, Power vs feed
RESULTS
The output parameters of Thrust force,
Torque and Power varied linearly with
both the parameters feed and speed. Thrust
force, Torque and Power increases if speed
or feed increases. Thrust force, Torque and
Power decreases if speed or feed
decreases.
1.The graph between Thrust force, Torque,
Power and feed keeping speed= 300 rpm
and Point angle=118o
ISSN: 2231-5381
2.The graph between Thrust force,
Torque, Power and speed keeping feed=
0.36mm and Point angle=118 o
Thrust force, Torque, Power vs speed
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 1 – Sep 2014
CONCLUSIONS
•
From the results, it is observed that
thrust force, torque and power linearly
varies with the speed and feed.
•
Further, the best optimum point
angle is 1180 for HSS drill bits, which
consumes minimum power.
The optimum point angle for High Speed
Steel (HSS) is 118 o as it is the angle at
which Power consumed, temperature of
the chip are minimum.
3.The graph between Power consumed and
Point angle is drawn with keeping
constants
at
speed=300rpm
and
feed=0.36mm
Power consumed and Point angle
•
It is also found that temperature is
minimum at 1180 point angle.
REFERENCES:
1.ASM(1999)ASMhand
book,vol16:machining.ASM,USA,pp 761-864
2.Kim J,Dornfeldd DA (2002)Development of an
analytical model for drilling burr formation on ductile
materials.Trans ASME 124:192-198.
3.Ko SL,Chang JE, YangGE(2003)Burr minimising
scheme in sdrilling.J Mater Process Technical 140:237242
4.Gillespie LK( 1994) Process control for burrs and
deburring.3.international conference on precision surface
finishing and burr
5.Montgomery DC( 1991) Design and analysis of
experiments,3rd edn.Arizona state university,newyork.
6.PetropoulosG, NTZIANTZIAS I,anghel C( 2005)
4.The graph between temperature at
cutting and point angle is drawn with
keeping constants at speed=300rpm and
feed=0.36mm.
Temperature at cutting and point angle
ISSN: 2231-5381
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