International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 10 Number 14 - Apr 2014
Selection of Vibratory Motors for
Vibrating Feeder by Analytical Approach for
Material Handling Plants
A.V.Ramana Rao1, CH.Bhanu Prakash2, G.H.Tammi Raju3
1
Asst.Prof., Mechanical Engineering Department, Vishnu Institute of Technology, Bhimavaram, A.P, INDIA
Asst.Prof., Mechanical Engineering Department, Vishnu Institute of Technology, Bhimavaram, A.P, INDIA
3
Asst.Prof., Mechanical Engineering Department, Vishnu Institute of Technology, Bhimavaram, A.P, INDIA
2
Abstract— Vibrating Feeders are used for a wide variety of
applications such as metering and transferring of material from
bins, hoppers, silos and storage piles to crusher, screens and belt
conveyors and protecting other equipment from impact loads
and for feeding and scalping of ROQ (Run Of Quarry) and ROM
(Run Of Mine) material prior to crushing and conveying. The
material from storage tankers, hoppers, Lorries etc. is dropped
onto the feeder prior to the crusher. The feeder is used to control
the rate of mixture entering the crusher. Thus majorly used to
control the feed rate. The vibrating feeder help in the flow of
bulk material into the crusher machine for crushing purpose and
bypasses small rocks, stones and other particles into the crusher
machine and all the other smaller particles, pebbles and sand, etc.
Fall off from the mixture through the tapered vibrating bars.
The oscillations of a vibrating feeder are produced by
unbalanced motors mounted on the extended shaft of the two
motors. Motors are placed along a line symmetrically and right
angle to the drive frame. The motors rotate at the same speed but
in opposite direction. This report aims at explaining the vibrating
motor power calculation, selection and working principle of
vibrating feeder. It briefs about the different concepts used in
constructing vibrating feeder and then details into the major
components
Keywords— Vibrating
Unbalanced motors.
feeder,
Crusher,
ROQ,
ROM,
I. INTRODUCTION
It’s a crushing plant designed to reduce large rocks into
smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust. The other operations
performed in this plant are to reduce the size, or change the
form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed
of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw
materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different
composition can be differentiated.
Crusher industry is an important industrial sector in the
country. Over the last 10 years, the Construction sector has
been registering strong growth rates in the range of 7-8%.
Housing and construction is one of the major drivers of
growth in many allied industries including stone crushing. A
crusher may be utilized to break up objects such as rocks.
Crushers of this type are often used in scientific research, as
they make it possible to crush a larger rock sample into
smaller pieces and thus examine the content of the rock in
more detail. Crushers are machines which use a metal surface
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to break or compress materials. Mining operations use
crushers, commonly classified by the degree to which they
fragment the starting material, with primary and secondary
crushers handling course materials, and tertiary and
quaternary crushers reducing ore particles to finer gradations.
Each crusher is designed to work with a certain maximum size
of raw material, and often delivers its output to a screening
machine which sorts and directs the product for further
processing. Crushed stone aggregates are used for
construction of cement based products like RCC pipes, PSC
poles, pre-molded slabs, frames and beams, etc for fabrication.
II.PROCESS OF THE PRODUCTION
Big size lumps are transferred to primary crusher through
vibrating feeder from hopper for first crushing, and then the
crushed materials are transferred to impact crusher through
belt conveyor for secondary crushing. The materials crushed
will be transferred to the vibrating screen, and separated to
different sizes. Those aggregate with suitable size will be
transferred to the final product pile and those with unsuitable
size will be transferred to the impact crusher for re-crushing.
These forms a closed circuit manifold cycles. The sizes of
final products will be graded and separated according to
customers' requirements, and the Bag Dust Filter will be
attached for the sake of environment protection.
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Fig.-1
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 10 Number 14 - Apr 2014
Thus from the flow chart of the process flow of the stone
crushing, the production line mainly consists of
1. Hopper
2. Vibrating Feeder
3. Conveyor Belt
4. Crushers
5. Vibrating Screens.
III.COMPONENTS OF CRUSHING PLANT
Hopper:
A storage container used in industries and is provided with
additional width and depth for temporary storage of raw
materials, for dust collection, etc.
Vibrating feeder:
Vibrating Feeders provide the most efficient and economical
method of conveying bulk materials and, most importantly it’s
the simplest and easiest means of controlling the rate of flow
or feed.
Belt conveyor:
A belt conveyor (or conveyor belt) consists of two or
more pulleys, with a continuous loop of material - the
conveyor belt - that rotates about them. One or both of the
pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on the
belt forward.
Vibrating screen:
Vibrating screen is a kind of sieving equipment used to
separate materials into multiple grades by particle sizes as end
product and for further processing.
Crusher:
Crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into
smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust. Crushers may be used to
reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they
can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the
size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that
pieces of different composition can be differentiated.
Types of crushers:
1. Jaw crusher
2. Gyratory crusher
3. Cone crusher
4. Impact crusher
5. Horizontal shaft impact crusher
6. Vertical shaft impact crusher
IV.METHODS OF VIBRATION
The vibration of a vibrating feeder is produced by unbalanced
motors are 3 types:
1. Rotational vibration
2. Elliptical vibration
3. Linear vibration
Working principle:
The oscillations of a vibrating feeder are produced by
unbalanced motors mounted on the extended shaft of the two
motors. Motors are placed along a line symmetrically and
right angle to the frame. The resultant forces of the two
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motors are along the line. Hence the line is called as drive line.
The motors rotate at the same speed but in opposite direction.
At any instant of 360° rotation, there are forces generated
individually on the motors along the drive line and right angle
to it. The forces at right angle cancel out each other and the
resultant force is along the drive line.
The two unbalanced motors which are placed along the main
body and which drives the feeder is called an unbalance drive.
The unbalanced drive is used to:
(a) Create linear oscillations to the vibrating feeder,
(b) The amplitude of the oscillations can be altered by
displacing, adding or removing the additional weights.
Fig.-2
V. CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
Capacity requirements determine the feeder-pan dimensions
and slope. The volumetric capacity of a feeder may be
determined by the formula:
AxV=Q
Q = Cu. Fpm
A = Projected horizontal area
V = Average velocity of material through opening.
The projected horizontal area is a function of the projected
horizontal opening and feeder-pan width. The average
material velocity will vary with material flow characteristics,
coefficient of friction, feeder pan slope, length, and vibration
intensity. Material velocities will range from 30 to 60 fpm
with pan slopes from 0 to 20 deg. Feeder-pan trough length is
determined by material angle of repose and pan slope. The
feeder pan must be of sufficient length to assure complete
material shutoff when the feeder is at rest. A line drawn from
the maximum opening at the material angle of repose should
intersect the pan trough, leaving a margin of cutoff length to
allow for variations in material characteristics.
Feeder Size Selection:
Selection capacities shown in the table are guides for selecting
the feeder size. Feed rates may vary widely with material
characteristics such as density, particle size distribution,
moisture content and angle of repose. Maximum feed rates are
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 10 Number 14 - Apr 2014
obtained by declining feeder pan consistent with hopper
opening and feeder length. Minimum length of feeder may be
determined by hopper opening, feeder slope and angle of
repose. Select feeder with adequate length to prevent flushing.
Hopper opening required to minimize hopper bridging effect
may determine width and length of feeder. In some cases,
headroom or minimum tunnel depth consideration justify a
size selection larger than required for volumetric flow.
Fig.-3
VI.PARTS OF VIBRATING FEEDER
The parts of vibrating feeder parts can be majorly divided as:
(a) Main Body
(b) Drive Frame Assembly
(c) Vibrating Deck and Bar Assembly
(d) Bottom Deck Assembly
(e) Wire-mesh Assembly
(f) Liners
(g) Springs
(h) Spring Holder
Body:
Body is a construction with many plates of different lengths,
widths and different structures. The construction is to support
different major assemblies of the feeder, for holding the
structure.
Drive Frame:
Drive Frame is constructed with plates and the construction is
made to hold the Vibratory motors. Vibratory motors are held
onto the frame through bolts and nuts.
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Deck and Bar Assembly:
Vibrating bars are tapered and are positioned in rows on the
deck with some specific distance in between them.
Underneath the vibrating deck and bar arrangement lays the
bottom deck which consists of wire mesh assembly. The
vibrating deck bar arrangement, bottom deck assembly are
positioned in between the 2 main body plates.
Wire - Mesh Assembly:
The construction of wire-mesh assembly resembles a long
cloth made of wires with holes (meshes) diameter as per the
requirement of granular separation. Wire-mesh assembly also
consists of components like rubber, bolts, etc.
Liners:
Liners are rectangular plates of a particular thickness which
are shielded onto the body plates of the main body with the
help of nuts and bolts. Liners are used to avoid any kind of
damage to the vibrating feeder and the body plates due to the
fall of bulk material from the hopper.
Springs:
Springs are used to remove any sudden shocks that are created
due to the free fall of the bulk material onto the feeder. Thus
the springs are used to reduce the effect of sudden shocks
created and hence reducing the damage of the structure onto
which the feeder is mounted
Holder:
Holders are used to hold the springs. They are given with the
provision for holding onto the springs and are placed outside
the main body.
Vibrator:
A device which creates mechanical vibrations for uses such as
signaling enunciators, doorbells, or industrial uses such as
compacting gravel, transporting materials, cleaning, etc.
VII.VIBRATION THEORY
Vibration refers to mechanical oscillations about an
equilibrium point. The oscillations may be periodic such as
the motion of a pendulum or random such as the movement of
a tire on a gravel road.
Types of vibration:
(a) Free Vibration
(b) Forced Vibration
Methods of vibration:
Different kinds of vibration is possible by using a different
combination of electric vibrator, eccentric shaft, gear box, etc.
as per the requirement. Few examples for methods of
vibration are as follows:
(a) Rotational type
(b) Elliptical type
(c) Linear type
The parameters which characterize a vibrator are as follows:
(a) Speed (rpm)
(b) Static Moment (kg*mm)
(c) Electric Power (kW)
The parameters which characterize a vibrating machine are as
follows:
(a) Process
(b) Speed (rpm)
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 10 Number 14 - Apr 2014
(c) Stroke (mm)
(d) Acceleration (Nr of “G” Force)
(e) Angle of Line of force
(f) Isolation system
In the process of making a vibrating machine, few
considerations have to be made. They are as follows:
Type of vibration, speed, amplitude/acceleration, angle of
force of vibrating machines depends on.
(a) Type of process
(b) Type of products
(c) Capacity required
Isolation system of vibrating machines depends on:
(a) Type of vibration and speed
(b) Installation of vibrating machine
(c) Total weight of the vibrating machine (vibrating structure
+ vibrator)
(d) Weight of product (depending on method of material
loading)
(e) Dimensions of vibrating machine
(f) Characteristics of supporting structure
VIII.BASIC INDICATIONS FOR LINEAR MOTION
VIBRATING MACHINES
PROCESS
SPEED (RPM)
50
60 HZ
HZ
IX. CATALOGUE OF VIBRATING MOTORS
Type
Static
moment
(kg-mm)
Centrifugal
force
(kg)
Weig
ht
(kg)
Pow
er
(W)
50 Hz
10/40-S02
30.1
35.0
9.70
120
10/100S02
84.2
94.3
12.5
120
10/200S02
163
183
19
185
10/310S02
286
321
23.5
350
10/550S90
457
512
36.5
350
STROK
E (MM)
(G)
ANGL
E (°)
10/810S90
723
809
54.0
680
CONVEYING
75010001500
90012001800
4.5-7
5-8
25-30
10/1110S90
1012
1132
64.0
750
PRIMARY
SCREENING
7501000
900-1200
4.5-7
4-7
30-45
10/1400S90
1274
1424
78.0
950
FINE
SCREENING
15003000
18003600
4.5-7
4-7
30-45
10/1610S02
1464
1638
93.0
1100
EXTRACTIN
G
10001500
12001800
4-6
4-5
25-30
10/2100S02
1927
2154
105
1500
PRIMARY
FEEDING
7501000
900-1200
6-11
4-6
25-35
10/2610S02
2326
2601
130
1960
FEEDING
10001500
12001800
6-11
5-6
25-35
10/3000S02
2690
3007
145
2200
SEPARATING
7501000
900-1200
5-8
34.5
30-45
10/3810S02
3422
3826
188
2500
FLUIDIZING
7501000
750-1000
7501000
5-8
50-80
10/4700S02
4206
4701
204
3200
10/5200S02
4658
5208
238
3800
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 10 Number 14 - Apr 2014
10/6500S02
5832
6527
268
4300
10/6600S02
6083
6799
285
5000
10/8000S90
7197
8046
315
7000
10/9000S90
7752
8666
326
7500
10/10000S02
8673
9695
381
7600
10/12000S90
10996
12294
500
9000
10/13000S02
11510
12867
420
9600
10/15000S90
12662
14155
643
1060
0
10/17500S90
15500
17327
705
1300
0
10/19500S90
17947
20062
711
1400
0
10/22000S90
20025
22386
926
1900
0
10/25000S90
22364
25000
960
1900
0
X. CALCULATION OF VIBRATING MOTOR:
Known information:
(a) Type of vibration = linear (2 Vibrators)
(b) Weight of Vibrating structure = 4847. 5 kgs = 5000 kgs
(approx.)
(c) Stroke = 8 mm
(d) Speed = 1000 rpm
Selection of Vibrator:
(i) e = S / 2
=> e = 8.0 / 2 = 4.0 mm
Therefore, eccentricity equals 4 mm.
(b) Mt = Wt x e
=> Mt = 5000 x 4.0 = 20000 kg*mm
Therefore, static moment equals 26000 kg*mm.
(c) Mv = Mt/ Nr of Vib
Number of vibrators = 2 (As type of vibration is linear)
=> Mv = 20000 / 2 = 10000 kg*mm
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Hence static moment of vibrator (Mv) ≥ 10000 kg*mm From
the catalogue to 6 pole.-1000/1200, we find to the static
moment column that the closest model is the 10/12000s90,
which has a static moment of 10996 kg-mm and weight of 500
kg.
Check the selection of Vibratory Motor:
Trail-I
Known information:
(a) Type of vibration = linear (2 Vibrators)
(b) Weight of Vibrating structure = 4847. 5 kgs = 5000 kgs
(approx.)
(c) Static moment of vibrator (Mv) = 10996 kg-mm
(d) Total weight of machine (Wt) = 5000 kg
Selection of Vibrator:
(a) Mt = Mv x 2
=> Mt = 10996 x 2.0 = 21992 kg*mm
(b) Wt = Ws + Wv
=> Wt = 5000 + (500x2) = 6000 kg
(c) e = Mt / Wt
e = 21992 / 6000 = 3.67 mm
In this case we need a bigger unit to get the stroke required;
the next model from the catalogue is the 10/13000s02 which
has a static moment of 11510 kg-mm and a weight of 420 kg.
Trail-II
Known information:
(a) Type of vibration = linear (2 Vibrators)
(b) Weight of Vibrating structure = 4847. 5 kgs = 5000 kgs
(approx.)
(c) Static moment of vibrator (Mv) = 11510 kg-mm
(d) Total weight of machine (Wt) = 5000 kg
Selection of Vibrator:
(a) Mt = Mv x 2
=> Mt = 11510 x 2.0 = 23020 kg*mm
(b) Wt = Ws + Wv
=> Wt = 5000 + (420x2) = 5840 kg
(c) e = Mt / Wt
e = 23020 /5840 = 3.9 mm
In this case we need a bigger unit to get the stroke required;
the next model from the catalogue is the 10/15000s90 which
has a static moment of 12662 kg-mm and a weight of 643 kg.
Trail-III
Known information:
(a) Type of vibration = linear (2 Vibrators)
(b) Weight of Vibrating structure = 4847. 5 kgs = 5000 kgs
(approx.)
(c) Static moment of vibrator (Mv) = 12662 kg-mm
(d) Total weight of machine (Wt) = 5000 kg
Selection of Vibrator:
(a) Mt = Mv x 2
=> Mt = 12662 x 2.0 = 25324 kg*mm
(b) Wt = Ws + Wv
=> Wt = 5000 + (643x2) = 6286 kg
(c) e = Mt / Wt
e = 25324 /6286 = 4.02 mm
In this case the vibrator must be set at 99.28%, a bigger unit is
recommended to have a higher stroke available.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 10 Number 14 - Apr 2014
Thus the vibratory motor is selected in trail-III i.e 10/15000S90, which has a static moment of 12662 kg-mm, 10.6 KW
power and a weight of 643 kg.
XI CHECKING THE ACCELERATION OF THE
MACHINE
Known information:
a = Acceleration (Nr of G’s)
Mt = Total Static Moment (Static Moment of Vibrator x Nr of
vibrator) (kg*mm)
Fv = Centrifugal Force of Vibrator = 14155 kg
Wt = Ws + Wv = 5000 + (643x2) = 6286 kg
Ft = Fvx2
= 15155 x 2 = 28310 kg-mm
a = Ft / Wt
= 28310 / 6286
= 4.50
=4.50 x 99.28 %
= 4.4 G
Therefore the acceleration of the total machine is 4.4.
REFERENCES:
[1]
www.google.com
[2]
www.wikipedia.com
[3]
www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-crusher.html
[4]
www.crusherplants.com/plants/types-ofcrushers.html
[5]
www.articlesbase.com/training-articles/vibratingfeederselection-and-sizing-5847091.html
[6]
http://pdf.directindustry.com/pdf/eriez/heavy-dutyvibratoryfeeders/19120-124854-_12.html
[7]
http://www.vibratingfeeders.com/reclaimarticle.cfm
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