International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
Analysis of concepts of actor network in
Forest Fires using Wireless Sensor and Actor
Networks
Deepak Kumar
Rakhi Chanana
Ravi Shanker
Lovely Professional University Lovely Professional University Lovely Professional University
Jalandhar, Punjab
Jalandhar, Punjab
Jalandhar, Punjab
Abstract: The Wireless sensor network is the type
fire .The approach which we review in this paper, use
of network which is used to sense the environment
the quadrant based clustering .In quadrant based
conditions like temperature, pressure, fire etc. The
clustering the whole area is divided into the clusters
sensor nodes are deployed in the area and sensor
.In each cluster sensor nodes are deployed, these
nodes collect the environmental data, sensor nodes
sensor nodes are responsible for the fire detection in
then pass the collected data to the sink. When sink
that particular cluster. In each cluster, cluster head is
receive the data after certain time it broadcast the
chosen .Cluster head is responsible for sending data
information on the internet. Sensor networks are
to the sink. The size of the sensor nodes are small and
deployed in the forests for the fire detection. The
battery power for the sensor nodes are also limited in
main issue in the forest fire detection network is
the far places like forest it is very difficult to recharge
that the fire must be detected and extinguished as
or replace the battery of the sensor nodes. The
soon as possible. Many of the approaches were
maximum energy of the sensor nodes is consumed in
proposed for the fire detection .In this paper we
the data transmission. The life of the sensor is
review the quadrant based
and
extended with the use of clustering. When we use the
deterministic deployment of nodes for detecting
approach of clustering maximum data is transmitted
and extinguishing forest fires using Wireless
with the minimum use of the battery power. In the
Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs).The sensor
fire detection sensor network it is very essential that
network is used for the fire detection and actor
when the fire is occurred in the forest, fire occurrence
network is for extinguishing the forest fire.
information will be broadcasted as soon as possible.
clustering
In the traditional approaches the fire information will
Keywords: Actor, clustering, extinguishing, sink,
broadcasted on the internet then action will be taken
quadrant based clustering.
to control the fire. This will take to much time and
with in this time fire will be spread in the forest. The
I. INTRODUCTION
new efficient approach to control the fire is use of the
agent network. The agent network is the type of in
The wireless sensor is deployed in the far places like
which fire control agents are spread in the forest area
forest, and sensor network is used to detect the forest
and agents are filled with
ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org
the
fire control
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
extinguisher. This approach is very efficient but more
process of sending message through sink, gateway,
enhancements are required in this approach.
internet and action will be taken seperately.In this
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows:
paper they were explored the use of wireless sensor
In section 2 we present the literature review. Section
actor networks technology in forest fire detection and
3 we describe the WSAN model for forest fire
extinguishing[3].
Detection and Extinguishing.
In Section 4 we
Chi-Tsun Cheng et al.They had proposed a delay-
present the WIMAX network. In Section 5 we have
aware data collection network structure for wireless
written the conclusion and future work.
sensor networks. The objective of the proposed
network structure is to minimize delays in the data
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
collection processes of wireless sensor networks.
Two network formation algorithms are designed to
Junguo ZHANG
ZIGBEE
et al had discussed about the
wireless
sensor
technology
and
its
construct the proposed network structure in a
centralized and a decentralized approach [4].
application as a monitoring system, related to
Farzad Safaei, et al concentrates on coverage holes
parameters like temperature , relative humidity and
centered on specific areas in the network. Such holes
sending the data to the distributed system for the
can be termed event-based or triggered coverage
further use and prevention of forest fires can be done
holes as they are detected and sensed due to the
using patrols[1].
changes they instigate on their proximate nodes. D-
Liyang Yu et al
in this paper they will propose a
nodes can be regarded as virtual nodes if their
new real time forest fire detection method by using
information and pre-damage locations are used by the
the wireless sensor networks. Their purpose is to
other nodes to implement boundary-node selection
deploying the large number of the nodes to prevent or
(BNS) algorithms. U-nodes are also further classified
predict the forest fire accurately for preventing the
as either normal nodes (N-nodes) or boundary nodes
forest, people and animals. In this they were trying to
(B-nodes). B-nodes are those U-nodes which have
making the neural network by using cluster node. The
detected damage events (D-events) directly within
sensor nodes collect the environmental data and
their respective connectivity ranges [5].
routing of collected data can be done through cluster
heads [2].
M.P.Sivaram Kumar et al.They had illustrated about
the importance of prediction and the prevention of
the forest fire. They were also tell about the earlier
time , that we can detect the forest fire with help of
images covered by the satellites but that images are
not very clear to us so for overcoming this problem
they were suggest to make the use of wireless sensors
in the forest. In this the process is describing the
III. DYNAMIC CLUTRING
Dynamic clustering is an energy efficient algorithm.
Energy dissipation of the network can be reduced by
using clustering algorithms. The energy consumption
of wireless nodes is depends upon the transmission
distance, optimal routing protocols and amount of
data to be transmitted. In cluster based wireless
sensor networks, cluster heads (CH) meets these
requirements 1) same adjacent sensors are grouped
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
into a cluster. 2) High energy resources 3) Network
data to higher distance or same distance. A
should be distributed.
Energy Adaptive
periodically re-elect new CH is the solution to
Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) gives a simple
balance the energy consumption among the nodes in
distributed clustering scheme for evenly distributing
each cluster. Single hop intracluster and multihop
energy dissipation[9]. Probability function is used to
intercluster is its example. Base station received data
rotate the position of the CHs.Optimal energy
from sensor nodes and which is further accessed by
dissipation is not considered by LEACH at each
end users.CH is the sink for cluster nodes and BS is
round. CHs are never distributed in LEACH [9].the
sink for CH [10].
Low
main aim of dynamic clustering technique is to assign
data set patterns to the cluster.
Main steps of dynamic clustering algorithms are:
Step 1: All nodes are assigned a cluster number
IV. WSAN MODEL FOR FOREST FIRE
DETECTION AND EXTINGUISHING
between all the clusters.
Step 2: Find the cluster center of each cluster.
WSAN modal was proposed for forest fire detection
Step 3: For each node, find the closest to the node is
and extinguishing. The sensor network is deployed in
called cluster centre. Assign the node to the cluster
the forest. The whole forest area is divided into
whose center is closest to it.
clusters and in each cluster, cluster head is chosen. In
Step 4: Re-compute the cluster centers with the new
each cluster actors are embedded .When any sensor
assignment of nodes.
node detects the fire it sends the information to the
Step 5: Repeat Steps 3 and 4 till clusters do not
cluster head, cluster head is responsible for
change or for a fixed number of times.[9]
communicating with the actor as shown in the fig. 1.
For the objective of scalability of clustering is widely
adopted by researchers and to achieve energy
efficiency and prolong lifetime. Data gathering
protocols
and
hierarchal imply cluster
based
algorithm of sensor node so that aggregation and data
fusion is possible. Cluster header is a cluster leader
and performs special tasks fusion and aggregation
and common sensor nodes as member [10].
Cluster member nodes leads low level hierarchal, CH
leads high level and cluster formation leads two level
hierarchies. The sensor nodes transmit its data to CH
nodes periodically.Ch nodes aggregate that data and
send to base station either directly, through
intermediate or through some other CH nodes.CH
nodes spend a lot of energy at higher rates to send
Fig 1: WSAN modal
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
When sensor node detect the fire, it informs to the
extinguish the fire in that cluster. According
cluster head .The cluster head start communicating
to our new proposed scheme we use the base
with the actor and actor go the particular location
station in each cluster and base stations of
where fire occurs and extinguish the fire from the
each
particular area .The whole scenario is shown in the
controlling the actors, actors will directly
figure2:
communicate with the base stations. The
cluster
will
be
responsible
for
base stations will also communicate with
each other with the help of WIMAX. The
WIMAX is the new type of wireless
network which is having high speed than the
traditional wireless networks. When there is
fire in particular cluster and actors of that
cluster are not able to extinguish the fire
base station of that cluster sends message to
the base station of other clusters. Actors of
other clusters come to the clusters where fire
occurs and extinguish the fire. We use
WIMAX because fast communication is
required to spread the message in the whole
Fig 2: WSN modal for fire Extinguishing
area that fire occurs. With the use of this
approach reliability of the WSN modal will
increase.
V. NEW PROPOSAL SCHEME
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
In the existing scheme of fire detection and
enhancements are
In our work, we review the WSN scheme for
required to increase reliability. In existing
detection and extinguishing the fire in the
scheme the actors are moving to the location
forest area .In this paper we also discuss the
where fire occurs and extinguish the fire.
two problems in this scheme .In the section
But in the forest area certain obstacles
4 we propose the new scheme which solve
excites. When there is obstacle actors are not
the problems and also increase the reliability
able to reach to the fire location. The second
of the WSN modal. In our future work we
major disadvantage of proposed scheme is
work on the implementation of the new
that when in a particular cluster there is a
scheme and also compare the reliability of
fire and actor of that cluster will not be able
the previous and new schemes.
extinguishing certain
to extinguish that fire that how we can
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
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