GREEN BUILDINGS’ RATING SYSTEMS
“WHERE DO WE STAND?”
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Moemen Afify
Professor of Architecture & Environmental Design
Faculty of Engineering – Cairo University
Member of the Egyptian Supreme Green Building Council
Member of the USGBC
Email: moemen@maconsultants-eg.com
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Prehistoric Architecture
Ancient Greek Architecture
Ancient Egyptian
Architecture
Ancient Roman Architecture
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Middle Eastern Architecture
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Local Architecture in Egypt
Nubian Architecture
Siwa Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Egyptian Architecture
Islamic Architecture
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Local Architecture in Egypt
Khedive Ismail Architecture in Egypt
(Downtown Cairo Architecture)
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
-Double high thermal mass walls
-High floor height
-Shutters
-Cross ventilation through courts
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Local Architecture – HASSAN FATHY
By the beginning of the sixties of the last
century, it was the Egyptian Architect
Hassan Fathy, who initiated the
importance of such architecture, known
after that by the vernacular architecture,
and that he was the first to outline the
need of environmental architecture in
Egypt.
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Contemporary Architecture
WHERE ARE WE NOW ?
Architecture in Egypt: (1950 -- 2010)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Contemporary Architecture
WHERE ARE WE NOW:
Architecture in Egypt: (1950 -- 2010)
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Are we supposed to
building with the
traditional means and
the architecture of
Hassan Fathy OR by
high tech means.
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Green Architecture Evolution
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Prehistoric
Architecture
Actual
Architecture
Future
Architecture
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Ecological systems
Man-Made
Natural
Water cycle
Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
…
Environmental
Architecture
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Environmental Architecture Systems
Active Systems
Passive Systems
Photovoltaic cells
Wind Catchers
Plate Solar Collector
Trombe Wall
Wind Turbines
Passive Solar energy
Hydroelectric Power
…
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Active Systems
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Photovoltaic
Wind Turbines
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Solar Water Heating
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Passive Systems
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Trombe Wall
Wind Catchers
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Environmental
Architecture
Ecological Architecture
Bioclimatic Architecture
Vernacular Architecture
Sustainable Architecture
Green Architecture
Traditional / vernacular
Architecture
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
What is Green Architecture?
“An architecture that meets the
needs of present without
compromising the ability of the
future generations to meet their
own needs”
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Why Green Buildings are
important?
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Global CO2 Emissions by Sector
1- Buildings (Electricity + Heat + Construction) = 47.5%
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
2- Transportation = 25%
3 - Land-Use Change & Forestry = 22%
4- Other = 5.5%
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: World Resources Institute, 2008
History of
Environmental
Architecture
LEED
Green Globes
NAHB
BREEAM
GBCA
LEED India
CASBEE
Estidama
?
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Architecture
LEED
Date Introduced
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Ratings
Green Building
Assessment
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Third Party
Developing a Green Validation
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
1998
BREEAM
1990
Certified / Silver Pass / Good /
/ Gold /
Very good /
Platinum
Excellent/
Outstanding
USGBC
GBCi
Trained
assessors
BRE
CASBEE
2004
C / B- / B+ / A /
S
Design /
management
team
Third Party
Agencies e.g.
JSBC (Japan
Sustainable
Building
Consortium)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
LEED Certification Levels
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: USGBC-LEED Brochure
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED)
LEED Different Rating Systems for
Different Project Types
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Design &
Construction
Building
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
LEED NC
LEED CI
LEED CS
LEED R-CI
LEED S
LEED HC
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Interiors
LEED R-NC
Operations &
maintenance
Residential
LEED H
Communities
LEED ND
LEED for Existing
Buildings
LEED EBO&M
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
1-Sustainable Sites 26 Possible points
• Construction Activity Pollution
Prevention
• Site Selection
• Development Density & Community
Connectivity
• Brownfield Redevelopment
• Alternative Transportation
• Site Development
• Stormwater Design
• Heat Island Effect
• Light Pollution Reduction
History of
Environmental
Architecture
2-Water Efficiency 14 Possible Points
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
• Water Efficient Landscaping
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
• Water Use Reduction
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
• Innovative Wastewater Technologies
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
3-Energy and Atmosphere 35 Possible Points
• Commissioning of the Building Energy
Systems
• Energy Performance
• Refrigerant Management
• On-Site Renewable Energy
• Measurement & Verification
• Green Power
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
4- Materials and Resources 10 Possible Points
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Storage and Collection of Recyclables
Building Reuse
Construction Waste Management
Materials Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Rapidly Renewable Materials
Certified Wood
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
5- Indoor Environmental Quality
15 Possible Points
• IAQ Performance
• Environmental Tobacco Smoke
(ETS) Control
• Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
• Increased Ventilation
• Construction IAQ Management
Plan
• Low-Emitting Materials
• Controllability of Systems
• Thermal Comfort
• Daylighting and Views
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
LEED for New Construction (LEED NC)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
HOW TO IMPLEMENT LEED THROUGH
DIFFERENT STAGES OF A PROJECT ??
Design Stage
Construction Stage
Documentation Stage
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT’S
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHOD (BREEAM)
Over 115,000 buildings certified
Nearly 700,000 registered
As of 2008
BREEAM Courts
BREEAM Education
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
BREEAM Industrial
BREEAM Different
Rating Systems for
Different Project
Types
BREEAM Healthcare
BREEAM Offices
BREEAM Retail
BREEAM Prisons
Conclusions and
Recommendations
BREEAM Multiresidential
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Building Research Establishment’s Environmental
Assessment Method (BREEAM)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Comprehensive Assessment System for Built
Environment Efficiency (CASBEE)
The number of certified buildings is 80
As of 2009
CASBEE for Pre-design
CASBEE Different
Rating Systems for
Different Project
Types
CASBEE for New Construction
CASBEE for Existing Building
CASBEE for Renovation
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Developing a Green Building Rating
System for Egypt
1- Buildings (Electricity + Heat + Construction) = 42%
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
2- Industry = 25%
3 - Transportation= 21%
4- Other = 12%
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Egypt CO2 Emissions by Sector
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
The Impacts of Buildings
on Egypt Resources
40%
62%
42%
12%
Primary Energy Use
Electricity Consumption
CO2 Emissions
Potable Water Consumption
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egypt State of Environment Report 2008
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Credit Categories Overview
1-Energy and Atmosphere
CO2 Emissions per Capita
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Energy Consumption
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
2-Sustainable Sites
(Land use and Ecology)
Agriculture lost its position as the dominant economic sector
1960 the Agricultural exports was 87% of all
merchandise export value
1974 fell to 35%
2001 dropped to 11%
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egyptian Agriculture by Lowell N. Lewis
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
3-Indoor Environmental Quality
Based on methodologies and risk assessments from similar
countries, it is estimated that 85,000-180,000 disability-adjusted life
year (DALYs) are lost annually due to indoor air pollution.
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Cost of Environmental Degradation by Category
By Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program (METAP)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
4-Materials and Resources
Solid Waste:
Total quantity of generated municipal solid wastes (household only) in
Egypt is estimated with 20 million tons annually (more than 700 gm
per capita), that is daily generation estimated with 55000 tons. As
collection and transport efficiency do not exceed 65%, this leads to daily
accumulations of these wastes within residential areas and vacant lands.
Furthermore recycling is not undertaken safely and soundly which
exposes citizens and workers to several health risks. It is noteworthy that
most landfills, where final disposal of such wastes takes place are
exposed to intentionally or self burn, which exposes ambient
environment to risks and worsen their conditions , in addition that
necessary equipment are not available in these sites for wastes’ coverage
to prevent such burning.
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
5-Water Efficiency
Water Scarcity for the Nile Basin States
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: www.africanwater.org
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Map details Global Water Stressed Countries
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: News, BBC. "Map details global water stress ." 2006
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
6-Management
Management policy, commissioning, site management and
procurement
History of
Environmental
Architecture
7-Pollution
Black Cloud
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
8-Transport
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Egypt CO2 Emissions by Sector
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
9-Architectural Design
Architectural Design has a major affect on buildings’ sustainability
and environmental efficiency. If a building is well-designed and
takes into consideration all environmental aspects from the very
beginning, it will positively affect the electro-mechanical work
afterwards and eventually will result in less energy consumption,
and a reduction to all the resources needed.
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Conclusion & Recommendations
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Egyptian
Architecture
History of
Environmental
Architecture
1-Energy and
Atmosphere
2-Sustainable Sites
3-Indoor
Environmental
Quality
4-Materials and
Resources
5-Water Efficiency
6-Management
7-Pollution
8-Transport
9-Architectural
Design
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Recommendations
Essential factor for the implementation of a Green
Building Rating System in Egypt
• Raising awareness across all sectors of the building industry.
• Government providing incentives for the adoption and application of
environmentally beneficial issues.
Incentives may include tax reduction, priority benefits, etc…
• To incorporate Green Building criteria, mentioned before, into the
existing building codes.
• Proper enforcement and regular supervision of the application of
Green Building Criteria.
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
• Introduction of Green Building criteria into the education modules of
different engineering disciplines.
Conclusions and
Recommendations
• Building the capacities of all parties and sectors involved in the
building industry, including practitioners, relevant government bodies
and academia.
Thank You
Prof. Dr. M. Moemen Afify
moemen@maconsultants-eg.com