International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 35 Number 1- May 2016
Designing Hovercraft Controlled using Android
Pankaj Singh, Adamya Bhaskar Agnihotri, Aishwarya Yadav
Rupika Srivastava, Asif Ahmad Bhat
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM University, NCR Campus
[1] Abstract
The principle extent of this anticipate is to build up a remote
innovation based air cushion vehicle framework controlled
utilizing android. An air cushion vehicle, otherwise called an
air-pad vehicle or ACV, is a specialty equipped for going over
area, water, mud or ice and different surfaces. Air cushion
vehicle are crossover vessels worked by a pilot as an air ship
instead of a skipper as a marine vessel. It is presently utilized
all through the world as particular transports in a fiasco
alleviation, coastguard, military and review applications and
additionally for game or traveler administration. Large forms
have been utilized to transport several individuals and
vehicles over the English Channel, whilst others have military
applications used to transport tanks, troopers and vast gear in
threatening situations and landscape.
Keywords: Rudder, propeller, hovercraft controlled using
android, thrust, ACV.
[2] Introduction
An air cushion vehicle is an exceptional sort of vehicle that
proceeds onward a pad of air. The lifting movement is
controlled by a fan or fans so that an air crevice can be
framed. Such partition between the base of the air cushion
vehicle and the ground gives a movement stage, on which the
rubbing power between the air cushion vehicle and the ground
diminishes to a little sum.
Since an air cushion vehicle does not have wheels, the
forward movement is made through the driving activity,
which is created by the utilization of an impetus fan and/or an
arrangement of fans. These impelling fans send let some
circulation into of the back of the air cushion vehicle to
deliver a push power, which advances the air cushion vehicle.
The accompanying two pictures are from a site outlining the
utilization of air cushion vehicle as a vehicle to achieve a
mission of exchanging military vehicles over the water to a
desert zone.
A. There are four sections: 1. Configuration of an air cushion
vehicle model 2. Count of the Lifting Pressure 3. Development
of an air cushion vehicle model. 4. Control of the movement
of the built air cushion vehicle model utilizing android
application.
Truth be told, there are distinctive sorts of air cushion vehicle
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one of them is a land and/or water capable air cushion
vehicle. The model air cushion vehicle is likewise expected
to be a land and/or water capable air cushion vehicle, this
implies it can work over area and over water. Air cushion
vehicles deal with the two primary standards of lift and
impetus. At the point when managing an air cushion
vehicle, the presence of lift is basic for the best possible
capacity of the vehicle. Lift is a fundamental element since
it is what permits the specialty to ride on a pad of air a few
inches off the ground. This procedure, the procedure of
accomplishing lift starts by coordinating wind stream under
the art. With a specific end goal to isolate the air under the
air pad, a skirt is required. This is done keeping in mind the
end goal to make weight under the air cushion vehicle
which constrains the vehicle off the ground. Accomplishing
the best possible measure of wind current is basic for the
support of the art's strength. In the event that an excessive
amount of wind current is coordinated under the specialty, it
will then drift too high over the ground, bringing about the
air cushion vehicle to tip. Insufficient lift will bring about
the specialty to stay on the ground which crushes the very
motivation behind the air cushion vehicle by and large. The
wellspring of the wind stream which pushes the art of the
ground is a fan. The fan can be utilized for lift and push. It
can be committed to lift or push or even both at the same
time. In either case the section where the wind currents
through to achieve the air pad influences the strength of the
air cushion vehicle. This section is an opening situated on
the base of the art. Another basic part is the engine. The
engine is normally situated in the back of the vehicle and is
the heaviest of the parts. Because of the heaviness of the
engine, additional weight is required under the range where
the engine is situated with a specific end goal to achieve
drifting capacities. Which makes air cushion vehicles so
productive and not quite the same as different vehicles of its
classification is that next to no power is required for it to
move. Impetus is what makes the art move. The wellspring
of this impact is the fan, which is utilized to move the air
for impetus. Air cushion vehicles have no contact with the
ground; in this way any resistance the ground may deliver
under different circumstances is presently non-existent for
the art. As clarified over, the drive of the specialty requires
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 35 Number 1- May 2016
a fan yet a typical fan is not adequate. This is on the grounds
that an ordinary fan does not blow air straight back. Rather it
turns the air fit as a fiddle. Consequently builds chose to
utilize turbines or stationary edges, that un-turn the air. At the
point when air does not turn a greater amount of its motor
vitality can be utilized for interpretation and less is required
for pivot. The state of the body additionally influences the
security of the air cushion vehicle. The bigger the zone of the
base, the more steady it will be. More extensive base infers
more prominent solidness. Longer and smaller shapes expand
speed yet diminish steadiness. Most air cushion vehicles have
adjusted finishes, and offer both soundness and rate. The skirt
is another essential part. The normal skirt is known as a pack
skirt. It is contained a pack that covers the base of the base and
has openings in it to permit air to escape and push the art off
the ground. Every part of the skirt expands autonomously
which makes repairs much less demanding and enhances
dependability. Lamentably, the more steady a skirt, the slower
it will go. At the point when the air cushion vehicle is at long
last ready to move it will most unquestionably require
controlling capacities. This is accomplished using rudders.
These rudders can be controlled by an assortment of gadgets
including PCs. Rudders can't be too substantial else they will
weigh down the art since they are found near the engine. The
state of the rudder directs how well it will have the capacity to
move air. At the point when riding an air cushion vehicle the
characteristic condition of movement is effectively seen to be
consistent vector speed with a steady rate of turn. An inclining
floor will change speed vector without changing your rate of
revolution. Notwithstanding Newton's three laws of movement
it will get to be evident that to abstain from turning or tilting
the air cushion vehicle you should apply the powers in
accordance with the focal point of mass of the mix of the
specialty and your body.
[3.] Design and working of hovercraft
A. Equipment Specifications
PIC16F877A Microcontroller,2 High Power Neon Batteries,
Hovercraft Base, Hovercraft Frame, Rudder, Frame Air/Water
Resistant Float Material, Current limiters, Diodes, Capacitors,
Resistors, High Power Motors2 Propellers, Voltage Regulator,
Bluetooth Decode, PIC unit 2.
B. Programming particulars
Mikro C Pro for PIC, Proteus Microcontroller Programming
Language: GUI (Graphical client interface).
C. Working of Hovercraft utilizing android application
An air cushion vehicle is a specialty that has practically no
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grinding, and does not touch the ground. There are two
strategies for lift which are ground impact and leaking
weight. The ground impact is brought on by blowing air at
the ground, making a higher weight underneath the fan than
over the fan, compelling the specialty upwards. This is
wasteful in contrast with a weight based art, since the
weight between the fan and the ground is effectively
dispersed to the sides. The more effective approach to have
a specialty float is to make a higher weight under the skirt
in contrast with the encompassing weight. This would make
a power reporting in real time to move from the high
weight, under the specialty, to the lower weight, outside the
art. This power causes the air under the art to leak out. With
a configuration where the fans have an immediate way to
the ground beneath them, the ground impact will include
more lift force. A symptom of the lift fans is a lower weight
over the fans.
An air cushion vehicle is a non-wheeled vehicle that can
float over area and additionally water effortlessly utilizing
powerful fans and streamlined outline. We here propose a
propelled air cushion vehicle that utilizations high rpm
engines interfaced with a PIC family microcontroller to
accomplish coveted usefulness. The engine beneath air
cushion vehicle turns at a high RPM that permits it to
produce a power enough to make it drift at first glance
accordingly diminishing the rubbing underneath it to least.
At that point we utilize the engine propeller mounted behind
it to push the air cushion vehicle in forward course.
Presently we additionally need to utilize a servo engine
appended to the air cushion vehicle rudder that helps the air
cushion vehicle to move in coveted bearings by bowing the
air at precise edges. The framework works on the whole to
drift while constantly overseeing servo and also propeller
engine to drive the air cushion vehicle as wanted. Presently
to control the air cushion vehicle we here utilize an android
application. The android application sends development
orders to the air cushion vehicle circuit. The circuit
comprises of a Bluetooth collector to get and prepare these
charges. The summons got by recipient are presently
prepared by the microcontroller and it then works every one
of the three engines appropriately as craved by the client.
The lifting fan is set in the focal area of the air cushion
vehicle to give the power required to lift the air cushion
vehicle and structure an air hole between the air cushion
vehicle and the ground. The two moving fans are situated at
the back part of the air cushion vehicle to produce the push
activity, which pushes the air cushion vehicle forward.
The primary capacity of software engineer is to: 1. Change
over HEX records created by the compiler into paired
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 35 Number 1- May 2016
documents and smolders it into the microcontroller. 2. It is
associated with the PC with the assistance of a USB Port. 3.
The product required to blaze the system into the
microcontroller is PIC KIT 2.
Propeller speed
control
Must have
control for
use E.S.C.
Control
D. Air cushion vehicle Dynamics
Since the air cushion vehicles are moving in air we need to
consider its streamlined features too. Optimal design is
characterized as the branch of liquid material science that
studies the powers applied via air or different gasses in
movement. The three basic element parameters are pitch (the
edges of turn in three measurements about the vehicle's focal
point of mass, known as), roll and yaw. Move, pitch and yaw
allude to revolutions about the separate tomahawks beginning
from a characterized balance state. The harmony move point is
known zero bank edges; comparable to a level heeling edge on
a boat. Yaw is known as "heading". The harmony in flying
machine, this more often than not alludes to approach however
in submarine is known as "trim". The move acting about the
longitudinal pivot, positive with the starboard (right) down.
Stopping
High
Must be able to
stop
to
avoid
collisions
Materials
Low weight
High
Lighter is better to
achieve
sufficient
lift
Durability
High
Must be able to
withstand
impact
and abrasion
Workability
High
Must be easy to
work with using
basic tools
Low cost
High
Lower is better
E. Plan Criteria
Utilizing the configuration contemplations, we built up an
arrangement of criteria to direct the outline and creation of the
air cushion vehicle over the 2 semester. Criteria were
produced in light of the apparent attainability of the
undertaking after work finished at last. The criteria can be
isolated into four classifications, appeared in table underneath
in table no. 3.1 which are relate to lift, push, control, and
materials and materials.
Table 3.1
[4.] Basic Diagrams
A. Block diagram
Description
Criteria
Priority
Lift skirt
Essential
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speed
craft,
Helps to generate
air cushion.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 35 Number 1- May 2016
B. Basic front view
C. Basic side view
D. Programmer for PIC microcontroller
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 35 Number 1- May 2016
diminished. Our air cushion vehicle can go on streams, tidal
estuaries and so forth which can't be explored by customary
vessels, opening administrations that before were out of reach.
E. Hovercraft model
Mine Counter Measures
Griffon air cushion vehicle, with their low weight pad
configuration, can work over mines with exemption in
profound or shallow water, since they deliver for all intents
and purposes no weight, acoustic or attractive marks. Since
the specialty's air pad and adaptable skirt retain the greater
part of a blasting mine's stun wave, they can be conveyed all
the more securely and financially savvy as mine
seeker/executioners than ordinary water crafts.
Quick Attack and Amphibious Assault
[5.] Applications of hovercraft
Seek and Rescue (SAR)
Around in-shore, shallow and tidal zones, or on mud-pads,
sand-banks or solidified oceans and lakes, it is for all intents
and purposes unthinkable for ordinary water crafts to give a
complete pursuit and salvage administration. However these
territories are perfect air cushion vehicle domain. Numerous
SAR administrators, including Coastguards from Canada to
Kuwait, have observed the Griffon extent to be an
indispensable resource for their operations by performing an
assortment of parts. Their capacity to perform salvages on
tidal mud fields is one of a kind.
Hydrographic and Seismic Surveys
All our air cushion vehicle can be furnished with
hydrographic and seismic review hardware. The Griffon air
cushion vehicle permits the administrator to do considers in
the shallow water regions, regularly blocked off by whatever
other means. Much time is spared following the art is not
confined by tidal contemplations. Our air cushion vehicle can
work in territories which are difficult to reach to traditional
specialty, Griffon air cushion vehicle securely amplify the
regions for seismic overviews.
At fast the specialty deliver for all intents and purposes no
wake. A wake leaves critical mark during the evening,
especially on the off chance that it likewise impels brightness.
Not being compelled by shallow water, mud or even land, a
Griffon air cushion vehicle is a perfect instrument for quick
assault. The British Royal Marines have as of late been
outfitted with the more cutting edge and effective Griffon
2400TD arrangement air cushion vehicle.
Surge Rescue
Really land and/or water capable vehicles, Griffon Hover
work specialty are the main vehicle ready to give fast loss
reaction and restorative clearing in a surge salvage part.
Griffon Hover work have more art in administration with
Search and Rescue (SAR) associations than whatever other
maker, including the UK Royal National Lifeboat Institution
(RNLI) and Coastguards from Canada to Kuwait, all of which
utilize these specialty for surge salvage, restorative departure
and fiasco help.
Traveler ship
Traditional traveler create regularly need to back off on
conduits in light of the measure of wash or wake they deliver
at velocity. Griffon Hover work make create for all intents and
purposes no wash or wake at fast, which powers and hippies
consider as very imperative. Venture times are additionally
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 35 Number 1- May 2016
[7.] Conclusion
[6.] Future of hovercraft and air cushion technology
Unmistakably there is no lack of ACV advancement later on.
As the innovation is taking off in different structures, for
instance, consolidated with Mag Lev innovation for rapid
mass travel arranges, the air pad is well on its approach to
clear the way for future vehicle transport. Consider that if the
air cushion vehicle does as such well on troublesome earth
landscape, for example, swamps, deserts, mud pads and in
addition waterways and even untamed sea, what it would
accomplish for investigation of the planets in our nearby
planetary group with an assortment of threatening
environments and surface.
The development of air cushion vehicle controlled utilizing
android application was fruitful. In the wake of running a few
tests to get the best program to work it, the air cushion vehicle
could go in any event most of the way around every course.
The test was getting the air cushion vehicle to respond at a
pace sufficiently quick to keep it moving around the track, yet
one moment for that it would be wild. Doing as such took a
considerable measure of changing with the heaviness of the
air cushion vehicle, the velocity of the fans, and the response
time. The main repeating issue that was experienced was the
batteries losing control rapidly. The batteries would just
permit the air cushion vehicle to run a couple times. To alter
that issue the batteries were supplanted with new Neon
batteries. Neon batteries ended up being extremely valuable
for this anticipate.
[8.] References
1)
2)
3)
Albeit new air cushion vehicle and ACV vehicles are low in
commotion, an issue that tormented before improvements
most motors utilized are still gas based. It appears to be just a
matter time before the principal float bicycles and drift autos
will show up on our roads. Drift transport anybody? What we
have to handle now is the force wellspring of our present
vehicles. Fuel based engines should be a relic of past times
rapidly on the off chance that we are to have any perfect air in
our urban areas. Electric engines and the recently created
power devices are the route forward, disregard the obsolete
ignition motor!
4)
Development of a hovercraft prototype with an aluminium base.
Anderton D (1972). Internal Noise Reduction in Hovercraft. J.
Sound Vib., 22(3): 343-359. Chernenko G (2002). Historian:Levkov
Hovercraft [Online]. Available from: http://www.ilparade.com
[Accessed 20 June 2004]. Dannecker JD, McCue TP, Mayer RH
(1997).
“SOCV: A Sealift Option for Commercial Viability,”
Paper I, SNAME Transportation, Operations, Management and
Economic Symposium, New York, 1997. Dolan GP, Robins JS
(2004).
Residual Stress Reduction in 7175-T73, 6061-T6 and 2017A-T4
Aluminium Alloys Using Quench Factor Analysis. J. Mater. Proc.
Technol., 153-154: 346-351. Herrington PD, Latorre RG (1998).
Development of an Aluminum Hull Panel for High-Speed Craft.
Mar. Struct., 11(1-2): 47-71. Hibbeler RC (1997). Mechanics of
Materials (4rd ed.), New Jersey. Hibbeler RC (1997). Mechanics of
Materials (4rd ed.),. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Future ACV concepts and
developments
Hovercraft
and robotics
Autonomous Mobile Robotics
Magnetically
Propelled
WIGtransport- A combination of
Mag Lev and ACV technology
proposal for future high speed
mass transportation.
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