International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
Effect of Height on Edge Tapered Rectangular
Patch Antenna using Parasitic Stubs and Slots
Gurpreet Kaur#1, Er. Sonia Goyal#2
M. tech student, Departmentof electronics and communication engineering, Punjabi University patiala#1
Assistant Professor, Departmentof electronics and communication engineering, Punjabi University patiala#2
Abstract- In this paper an rectangular patch with
parasitic stub whose edge have been cut , with two
slots near the feedline has been proposed. The
antenna is designed using HFSS software. The
designed antenna shows wideband characteristics
having simulated bandwidth of 96 %.The overall
dimension of the antenna are 35×35×1.6 mm3.This
antenna obtained maximum gain of 9.55dB having
VSWR is less than 2.
Keywords- Microstrip patch antenna, Parasitic stubs,
Slot antenna, wideband
I.
INTRODUCTION
The idea of microstrip patch antenna was introduced
in 1950’s but it become popular and used in various
applications in 1970’s. Microstrip patch antenna are
used in various applications where small size, less
weight, low cost, high performance and easily
fabricated and installed antennas are required such as
in military, RADARS and mobile wireless
communications. . A microstrip antenna consists of a
rectangular patch on a ground plane separated by
dielectric substrate [1]. The patch in the antenna is
made of a conducting material Cu (Copper) or Au
(Gold) and this can be in any shape of rectangular,
circular, triangular, elliptical or some other common
shape. In basic form, a Microstrip Patch antenna as
shown in fig 1 consists of a radiating patch on one
side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane
on the other side.
they resonate at particular frequency hence the
bandwidth is small in these antenna.
Another disadvantage is low power handling
capability and spurious feed radiation [3].The
bandwidth of the antenna can be increased by
increasing the height of the patch and decreasing the
substrate permittivity. Another method to increase the
bandwidth is by exciting the antenna by
aperturecoupled technique but it is more complex due
to the complex feed element design. Because of the
fast growing demand in wireless communication,
mobile communication, radar applications and any
other application coplanar waveguide fed antennas
have invited much interest due to light weight, low
profile, small size, and ease of fabrication [12].
A microstrip patch antenna is used to process
ultra high frequency signals. Microstrip patch antenna
is a wideband, narrow beam, occupy less space
antenna placed over an insulating material such as
FR4, glass, ceramic etc whose dielectric constant lies
between 2.2≤ εr≤12 The microstrip antenna mainly
consist of Ground , Substrate , patch and feed line.
The base of the antenna is known as ground plane.
Just above the ground with the same dimension a
substrate is placed.
In this paper the effect of change of height of
substrate has been shown for h=1.57, 1.59, 1.6, 2mm.
Partial ground plane is used to decrease the back
reflections and to increase the bandwidth two parasitic
stubs are added on the two sides of patch and the top
corner of the patch as well as the stubs are cut in order
to increase the bandwidth. Two slots are also added at
the end of the patch to decrease the return loss thus the
return loss up to -57 dBi is obtained when the height
of the substrate is h=2mm. The VSWR for each case
is less than 2.
II.
Fig 1. Microstrip Patch Antenna [1]
The radiating patch and the feed lines are usually
photo etched on the dielectric substrate. Microstrip
patch antenna are resonant type of antenna because
ISSN: 2231-5381
ANTENNA
DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION
AND
Wideband microstrip patch antenna has been designed
by taking a rectangular patch of 20×12mm2.Upper
corner of the patch as well as the stub corner have
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
been cut. Now a T shape slot is applied on the patch as
shown in the fig.5 and the effect of change of height
of substrate has been studied. All the simulation have
found that the height of the substrate is increases their
return loss also increases.
been simulated in HFSS software.The designed
parameters with corresponding values are shown in
the table.
Subject
Dimensions
Ground Size
35×9.4mm
Patch Size
20 ×12mm
Substrate Used
FR4_Epoxy
Thickness
1.6mm
Stub size
2.6×6mm
Slit size
4×.6mm
Table 1. Design parameter and corresponding values
Fig.3
Input reflection coefficient of simple
rectangular patch antenna to show the effect of
change of height of substrate.
Fig. 4 Input reflection coefficient result of edge
tapered, stub using on simple patch with
h=2,1.6,1.59,1.57mm.
(a) Simple patch antenna
The antenna has been shown in Fig. 2 shows that the
parasitic stub of 2.5×6mm has been united with the
patch and the upper corner of the patch has been cut
this will reduce the size of the patch as well as to
increase the bandwidth.
For simple patch effects of height of substrate h=1.57
, 1.59,1.6,2 mm has been shown below it has been
(b) Edge tapered rectangular patch antenna
Fig 2: 2-D view of simple and edge tapered antenna
Fig 5. Proposed microstrip patch antenna
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
Fig. 6 Input reflection coefficient result of edge
tapered, stub using on simple patch with h=2, 1.6,
1.59, 1.57mm.
(a) h= 1.57
Gain is defined as the four pi times the ratio of an
antenna’s radiation intensity in a given direction to the
total power accepted by the antenna.
The following equation is used to calculate gain in
HFSS:
Where
• U is the radiation intensity in watts per steradian in
the direction specified.
• Pacc is the accepted power in watts entering in
antenna.
(b) h= 1.59
(c) h=1.6
Fig. 7 Gain total of proposed antenna for different
substrate height of h=1.57,h=1.59,h=1.6,h=2mm
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 34 Number 8- April 2016
Fig. 8 shows the radiation pattern that is the value of
phi at 0 and 90 degree that is co and cross polarisation
has been differ by -40 dB when h=1.57mm.
IV.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, an antenna with edge tapered, slots and
parasitic stubs has been designed .The corner edge of
the stubs and as well as the patch has been cut in order
to reduce stray electric fields. The total size of the
antenna is 35×35×1.6mm3 .The designed antenna
shows an impedance bandwidth of 96% for height
h=1.57mm with a maximum peak gain of 9.55dB and
maximum radiation efficiency of 99.3% such antenna
used in wideband applications.
REFRENCES
[1]
(d) h= 2
[2]
Fig. 8 Radiation pattern of proposed antenna for
different height of substrate
III.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
From the fig. 3 it has been concluded that for height
h=2, bandwidth get decreased and the average
percentage bandwidth obtained is 33%. Better
radiation pattern is obtained for h=2 it is -40 dB at
frequency 3.37 GHz. As it will be concluded that as
the height of substrate increases radiation pattern
become better. For h=1.57 maximum value of phi that
is the difference between co and cross-polarisation is 18dB at frequency 5.84. For h=1.59, 1.6 mm
maximum value of phi is -26dB.
The return loss with variable height of substrate has
been shown in fig. 4. It is clear from the figure that for
height h=2 better return loss upto-30dB has been
obtained. As we decrease the height of substrate their
return loss also gets reduced but their bandwidth gets
increase.
The return loss of proposed antenna with slot on patch
are shown in the fig. 5. It is clear from the above
figure that the return loss at height h=2mm are much
better than other results maximum return loss obtained
is -57.64dB at 7.37GHz as shown in figure 4.
Fig.7 shows the gain of proposed antenna with
different substrate height h=1.57,1.59,1.6,2mm. The
results of maximum gain obtained by changing the
height are shown in fig. 7. The maximum gain
obtained is 9.55dB for height h=1.6mm
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