International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 9- March 2016
Designed Accident Prevention System Using
Wireless Sensor Networks
Deepak Rasaily1, Aarfin Ashraf 2, Cherryla Tobden3, Rinku Bhutia4, Shyam Chhinal5, Karma Gyatsho6
1,5
Sr. Lecturer in Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, CCCT Polytechnic
Diploma Student in Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, CCCT Polytechnic
3
Lecturer in Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, CCCT Polytechnic
4,6
Lab Instructor in Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, CCCT Polytechnic
Chisopani, P.O. Nandugaon, South Sikkim, India
2
Abstract:-The increased growth in the railway
sector has resulted in an increase in the train traffic
density across the world. This has resulted in the
increase in the number of accidents involving trains.
In this paper, the proposed system includes several
features which prevent train accidents. This work is
concentrated on predicting the major cause of
railway accidents that is collision on the same track.
The primary goal of this anti-collision system is to
identify collision points and to report these error
cases to main control room, nearby station as well
as grid control stations.
Keywords: - microcontroller, protocol, pressure,
sensors, wireless transceiver, Train control block.
I. INTRODUCTION
The system requirements and control specifications
clearly rule out the use of 16, 32 or 64 bit micro
controllers or microprocessors. Systems using these
may be earlier to implement due to large number of
internal features. They are also faster and more
reliable but, the above application is satisfactorily
served by 8-bit micro controller. Using an
inexpensive 8-bit Microcontroller will doom the 32bit product failure in any competitive market place.
Coming to the question of why to use 89S52 of all
the 8-bit Microcontroller available in the market the
main answer would be because it has 8kB Flash and
256 bytes of data RAM32 I/O lines, three 16-bit
timer/counters, an Eight-vector two-level interrupt
architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip
oscillator, and clock circuitry[1][2].
In addition, the AT89S52 is
designed with static logic for operation down to zero
frequency and supports two software selectable
power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU
while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port,
and interrupt system to continue functioning. The
Power down Mode saves the RAM contents but
freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip
functions until the next hardware reset. The Flash
program
memory
supports
both
parallel
programming and in Serial In-System Programming
(ISP). The 89S52 is also In-Application
Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program
ISSN: 2231-5381
memory to be reconfigured even while the
application is running [3].
Some microcontrollers may use four-bit words and
operate at clock rate frequencies as low as 4 kHz, for
low power consumption (single-digit mill watts or
microwatts). They will generally have the ability to
retain functionality while waiting for an event such
as a button press or other interrupt; power
consumption while sleeping (CPU clock and most
peripherals off) may be just Nano watts, making
many of them well suited for long lasting battery
applications. Other microcontrollers may serve
performance-critical roles, where they may need to
act more like a digital signal processor (DSP)[4],
with higher clock speeds and power consumption.
II. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Embedded systems are designed to do some
specific task, rather than be a general-purpose
computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real
time performance constraints that must be met, for
reason such as safety and usability; others may have
low or no performance requirements, allowing the
system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs[5].
An embedded system is not always a
separate block - very often it is physically built-in to
the device it is controlling. The software written for
embedded systems is often called firmware, and is
stored in read-only memory or flash convector chips
rather than a disk drive. It often runs with limited
computer hardware resources: small or no keyboard,
screen, and little memory[6].
Wireless communication has become an
important feature for commercial products and a
popular research topic within the last ten years.
There are now more mobile phone subscriptions
than wired-line subscriptions. Lately, one area of
commercial interest has been low-cost, low-power,
and short-distance wireless communication used for
\personal
wireless
networks."
Technology
advancements are providing smaller and more cost
effective devices for integrating computational
processing, wireless communication, and a host of
other
functionalities.
These
embedded
communications devices will be integrated into
applications ranging from homeland security to
industry automation and monitoring. They will also
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 9- March 2016
enable custom tailored engineering solutions,
creating a revolutionary way of disseminating and
processing information. With new technologies and
devices come new business activities, and the need
for employees in these technological areas.
Engineers who have knowledge of embedded
systems and wireless communications will be in
high demand [7]. Unfortunately, there are few
adorable environments available for development
and classroom use, so students often do not learn
about these technologies during hands-on lab
exercises. The communication mediums were
twisted pair, optical fibre, infrared, and generally
wireless radiation.
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
A. Robot
Fig.3 shows Circuit diagram.
B. Train
Fig.1 shows the block diagram of Robot.
B. Train
Fig.2 shows the block diagram of Train.
Fig.4 shows Circuit diagram.
IV. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
A. Robot
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 9- March 2016
DESCRIPTION
A. Echo Sensor
This "ECHO" Ultrasonic Distance Sensor from
Rhydolabz is an amazing product that provides very
short (2CM) to long-range (4M) detection and
ranging. The sensor provides precise, stable noncontact distance measurements from 2cm to 4 meters
with very high accuracy. Its compact size, higher
range and easy usability make it a handy sensor for
distance measurement and mapping. The board can
easily be interfaced to microcontrollers where the
triggering and measurement can be done using one
I/O pin[8]. The sensor transmits an ultrasonic wave
and produces an output pulse that corresponds to the
time required for the burst echo to return to the
sensor. By measuring the echo pulse width, the
distance to target can easily be calculated.
B. HT640 ENCODER
The 212 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for
remote control system applications. They are
capable of encoding information which consists of N
address bits and 12_N data bits. Each address/ data
input can be set to one of the two logic states. The
programmed addresses/data are transmitted together
with the header bits via an RF or an infrared
transmission medium upon receipt of a trigger
signal[9]. The capability to select a TE trigger on the
HT12E or a DATA trigger on the HT12A further
enhances the application flexibility of the 212 series
of encoders. The HT12A additionally provides a 38
kHz
carrier for infrared systems. The HT640
Encoder ICs are series of CMOS LSIs for Remote
Control system applications. They are capable of
Encoding 18 bit of information which consists of N
address bits and 18-N data bits. Each address/data
input is externally trinary programmable if bonded
out.
C. HT648 ENCODER
The HT640 Encoder ICs are series of CMOS LSIs
for Remote Control system applications. They are
capable of Encoding 18 bit of information which
consists of N address bits and 18-N data bits. Each
address/data
input
is
externally
trinary
programmable if bonded out. The HT648L ICs are
series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system
applications [10]. These ICs are paired with each
other. For proper operation a pair of encoder/decoder
with the same number of address and data format
should be selected. The Decoder receive the serial
address and data from its corresponding decoder,
transmitted by a carrier using an RF transmission
medium and gives output to the output pins after
processing the data.
D. RF TRANSMITTER STT-433
The STT-433 is ideal for remote control
applications where low cost and longer range is
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required. The transmitter operates from a1.5-12V
supply, making it ideal for battery-powered
applications. The transmitter employs a SAWstabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency
control for best range performance. Output power
and harmonic emissions are easy to control, making
FCC
and
ETSI
compliance
easy.
The
manufacturing-friendly SIP style package and lowcost make the STT-433 suitable for high volume
applications.
Fig.5 shows RF Transmitter.
E. RF RECEIVER STR-433
The STR-433 is ideal for short-range remote control
applications where cost is a primary concern. The
receiver module requires no external RF components
except for the antenna. It generates virtually no
emissions, making FCC and ETSI approvals easy.
The super-regenerative design exhibits exceptional
sensitivity at a very low cost. The manufacturingfriendly SIP style package and low-cost make the
STR-433 suitable for high volume applications.
Fig.6 shows RF Receiver.
F. L293d Motor Driver
The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional
drive currents of up to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5
V to 36 V. This device is designed to drive inductive
loads such as relays, solenoids, dc and bipolar
stepping motors, as well as other high-current/highvoltage loads in positive-supply applications. When
an enable input is high, the associated drivers are
enabled and their outputs are active and in phase
with their inputs. When the enable input is low,
those drivers are disabled and their outputs are off
and in the high-impedance state. With the proper
data inputs, each pair of drivers forms a full-H (or
bridge) reversible drive suitable for solenoid or
motor applications.
V. CONCLUSION
The project “WSN based model for anti-collision
Accident prevented for Train” has been
successfully designed and tested. Integrating features
of all the hardware components used have developed
it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out
and placed carefully thus contributing to the best
working of the unit. Secondly, using highly
advanced IC’s and with the help of growing
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 9- March 2016
technology the project has been successfully
implemented.
Authors:
[1]
DEEPAK RASAILY
SR LECTURER
ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION
CCCT
Advantages:
This system is find out any obstacles in the
tracks like animals, human moments.
This system finds out the track cracks and track
breakages.
[2]
AARFIN ASHRAF
FINAL YEAR STUDENT
ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION
CCCT
Applications:
This system used Railway applications.
Future Scope
In future we can reduce accidents by using the
camera pixels.
By extending this Project the Platform of each
train can be easily detected by each other.
Train can transmit the info to station when the
train is within some distance range from station.
[3]
CHERRYLA TOBDEN
LECTURER
ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION
CCCT
REFERENCE
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2013 ISSN-2319-8354(E).
[ 3] Wang, B., and Yuan, T., “Traffic Police Gesture
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[4]
RINKU BHUTIA
LAB INSTRUCTOR
ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS
CCCT
[5]
SHYAM CHHINAL
SR LECTURER
ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION
CCCT
[6]
http://www.ijettjournal.org
KARMA GYATSO BHUTIA
LAB INSTRUCTOR
ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS
CCCT
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