International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
Modelling of Photovoltaic using MATLAB/SIMULINK
Varuni Agarwal
M.Tech (Student), Dit University
Electrical and Electronics Department
Dr.Gagan Singh
Hod,Dit University
Electrical and Electronics Department
ABSTRACT- Due to the increasing demand of energy
PV panel- A set of connected PV cell forms a PV panel.
there is a need of power generation using renewable
Panels are composed of series cells to obtain output current
energy. Solar energy is essential source of renewable
and output current is achieved by connecting a PV cells in
energy available in abundance. In this paper modelling of
parallel.[3]
PV(photovoltaic)array is developed which can be used by
researchers who need a simple, accurate and versatile
PV array- A panel or set of panels are connected in series
or parallel to form large PV system.[3]
model of PV system for further studies. The model is
implemented using MATLAB/simulink software .The
proposed model is to find the characteristics at different
atmospheric
conditions
(i.e.
solar
irradiance
and
temperature).
WORKING OF A PV CELL
A Photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor diode whose p-n
junctions are exposed to sunlight. Silicon PV cells are
composed of a thin layer of bulk Si or a thin Si film
Keywords-array,PV module, MATLAB/simulink.
connected to electrical terminals. The basic principle
behind the operation of PV cell is photoelectric effect. In
INTRODUCTION
this effect when sunlight hits the surface of the p-n junction
Due to the limitations of global resources of fossil,
electrons gets ejected from the conduction band as a result
instability in oil prices, there is a increasing demand of
of absorption of sunlight of a certain wavelength by the
renewable energy resources. Solar energy is one of the
matter. The electrons from valence band jump to the
most essential resource because of its availability in
conduction band when absorbed energy is greater than the
abundance and sustainability of solar radiant energy
band gap energy of the semiconductor [1]. The electron-
[1].The Photovoltaic system works on the principle of
hole pairs created in the illuminated region of the
photoelectric effect which was introduced by French
semiconductor.The electrons created in the conduction
scientist Edmund Becquerel in 1839. Further in 1905,albert
band are free to move. These free electrons are enforced to
Einstein explained the nature of light and the photoelectric
move in a particular direction by the action of electric field
effect.
present in the PV cells.
MAIN TERMS
PV cell-A PV device is an element that converts sunlight
into electricity. The elementary PV device is called PV
cell.[3]
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
The practical PV device has a series resistance
LIGHT
whose
influence is stronger when the device operates in voltage
source region and for current source region parallel
METAL GRID
resistance is used.
resistance is sum of several resistance.
It depends on the contact resistance of metal base with p
semiconductor layer,resistance of p-n junction bodies,the
N
contact resistance of the n layer with top layer of the n
P
layer
with
top
grid
and
the
resistance
of
METAL BASE
grid[2].
FIG 1 PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF A PV CELL
resistance exists due to the leakage current of the
p-n junction. Generally
is high and
is low. The I-V
characteristics of a practical PV device is given as fig 3.
These electrons flowing comprises current and can be
drawn for external use by connecting metal grid on top and
bottom of the semiconductor. The rate of generation of
electric current depends on the flux of the incident and the
capacity of absorption of the semiconductor. The capacity
of absorption depends on the semiconductor band gap, on
the reflectance of the cell surface, on intrinsic concentration
of carrier of the semiconductor, on the electron mobility, on
the recombination rate, on the temperature and other
Fig 3 characteristics I-V curve of a practical PV deevice
factors. This current and voltage produces required power.
The above curve represents the I-V characteristics of a
MODELLING AND DESIGN OF A PV CELL
practical PV device which shows three remarkable
Fig 2 shows the equivalent circuit of the practical PV
points:open
device including the series and parallel resistance.[1]
(
,
circuit
(
,0).short
circuit
(0,
),MPP
)
According to circuit in fig 2 kirchhoff’s law is applied to
present the photovoltaic current [1].
……………….[1]
.[2]
Where
is the light generated current by incident
light, is the reverse saturation current, k is Boltzmann’s
constant(1.38*
J/K),T is the temperature of the p-n
junction,a is the ideality factor. The photocurrent depends
Fig2 equivalent circuit of PV cell
ISSN: 2231-5381
on the solar irradiation and cell temperature is given as
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
The I-V and P-V output characteristics of PV model is
………[3]
shown in fig 4 and fig 5.depend on the solar irradiation and
Where
is the temperature coefficient of cells short
circuit current,
is the cells nominal temperature ,
temperature and cells operating voltage.
is
the light generated current at nominal temperature(25 &
1000w/m2).
…………..[4]
where
is the thermal voltage of the connected cell at
nominal temperature[4].
is the voltage coefficient. In
this study, a general PV model is implemented using
MATLAB/SIMULINK. In this model inputs are the solar
Fig 4 power v/s voltage
irradiation and temperature and outputs are photovoltaic
voltage and current.
SIMULATIONS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The major inputs in the PV model are solar irradiation and
temperature and experimental data is taken from kc200GT
at nominal operating conditions[2]. The I-v characteristics
is shown in fig 5 by which we can find the three
remarkable points .
parameters of the PV model at nominal operating
Fig 5 current v/s voltage
conditions
PARAMETER
G
VALUE
1000
Simulation results of PV array for varying load
conditions
7.61 amp
Fig6 to fig9 shows the output characteristics of PV model
8.21amp
at different load conditions
0.0032
-0.1230
2
54
15
200.143W
T
298K
32.9V
26.3V
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
From the above characteristics it was found that with an
increase in solar radiation there is an increase in both the
maximum power output and the short circuit current.On the
other hand, we observe that with an increase in cell
temperature ,the maximum power output decreases while
the short circuit current increases.
CONCLUSION
In this paper mathematical model of PV array is analysed
Fig 6 current v/s voltage at G=800
using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The power of PV array is
dependent on solar radiation. The objective of the model is
to study the I-V and P-V characteristics of PV array for
different solar radiation and temperature. And remarkable
points are also shown and discussed. The proposed model
is to find the maximum power point to track the maximum
power available.
REFERENCES
[1] Marcelo gradella villalva, Jonas Rafael Gazoli, and
Ernesto Ruppert Filho, “comprehensive appraoach to
Fig 7 current v/s voltage at T=50
modelling
and
simulation
of
photovoltaic
arrays”,vol.2,No.5,May 2009.
[2]E.M.Natsheh,Member,IEEE,AAlbarbar,Member,IEEE,a
nd J. Yazdani,Member,IEEE, “Modelling and control for
smart grid integration of solar/wind energy conversion
system”.
[3] IEEE standars definitions of terms for solar cells,1969.
Fig 8 power v/s voltage at G=800
[4]S.Chowdhary,G.ATaylor,S.P.Chowdhary,A.K.Saha,and
Y.H.Song, “modelling , simulation and performance
analysis of a PV array in an embedded environment,”in
Pro.42nd Int. Uni. Power Eng.Conf(UPEC),2007,pp 781785.
[5]Rajesh.K,
Kailash
Krishna
Prasad.B"Hardware
Realization of Single Axis Solar Tracking System by Using
a Cost Effective Microcontroller", International Journal of
Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), V23(7),326328 May 2015. ISSN:2231-5381
Fig 9 power v/s voltage at T=50
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 23 Number 9- May 2015
[6]Biren Gevaria and Khushbu Shah, ―Simulation and
Prototyping of Microcontroller Based Maximum Power
Point Tracking of PV Array, International Journal of
Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 21
Number 7 – March 2015.
[7]Kailash Krishna Prasad.B"Analysis and Design of
Distributed MPPT System Suitable for Non-Uniform Solar
Irradiation", International Journal of Engineering Trends
and Technology (IJETT), V22(9),432-437 April 2015.
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