International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 27 Number 2- September 2015
Harmonic Filter Development For Saving And Reliability To
Building Electricity
Zulkarnaini1, Dasman1, Multa Azmi2
Lecturer of Department Electrical Engineering Industrial Technology Faculty ITP1
Student of Department Electrical Engineering 2
Jln. Gajah Mada Kandis Nanggalo Padang
ABSTRACT - This paper presents a simulation of
a simple control scheme for a three-phase shunt
pasif filter to remove harmonics and saving energy
compensation of the non-linear loads . Therefore
with the work of the security Molded Case Circuit
Breakers ( MCCB ) and the relay is not in
accordance with the rating works. Non linear loads
is of , Computers , Printers , Air Conditioning ( AC
) , Rectifier , energy saving lamps , motor control ,
etc. in modern buildings that cause harmonics. If
the voltage and current harmonics injected into
wire electrical installation of the building , there
will be a Total Harmonic Distortion ( THD ).
Voltage and current harmonics appearing will be a
serious problem if the amount exceeds the limits of
the standards set by the standards ( IEEE 519-1992
) International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC
). So from the results of studies using EDSA
Shofware THDi obtained before using the filter of
9.03 % and after use filters THDi 4.42 %. And be
saving electrical current of 41 Amperes before
using the filter 277 Ampere and after using the
filter to 236 Amperes . Means a saving of 14%
wave that is not pure anymore ( Arrillaga , J. 1985)
.
It is very disturbing for protection devices (
MCCB ) and measuring devices to operate on a
sinusoidal wave ( Dekker , M. 2002) . Current
harmonic distortion is one of the problems of
electric power quality suffecient to have a major
influence on system performance of electricity
power. These problems can damage and shorten
the life of electrical equipment as well as energy
waste.
In addition , harmonic distortion may also
affect the calculation of KWH Meter measuring
devices that cause loss to the electrical consumers .
So here many users to add to its power . Referring
to the previous studies on the effects of harmonics
MCCB , the greater the harmonic load the faster the
MCCB trip ( drop out ) .
Based on the
negative effects of harmonics are generated , it
would require an effort to suppress harmonics has
been occured . One of them using a passive filter
which is more widely used because of being ,
reliability , more economical , and easier to
maintain .
Keyword : Harmonics , Filter , Save Energy, THD .
1. INTRUDUCTION
Harmonic is problems of non - linear loads
continue to grow at a modern building . This will
become a new challenge to build an economical
and reliable electric power suplay , because there
is a change of power supply at
electrical
equipment installed in a modern building. The
increasing the use of electronic equipment can
cause large harmonic distortion in the future . The
most common problem is harmonic coused by non
- linear loads such as electrical equipment in
building , air conditioning (AC) , lighting ,
computer , motor speed control unit etc . In general
, harmonics , does not create problem. Odd
multiple harmonics can cause changes of value ,
which is highly unexpected (Ming-Yin C. 2007)
Referring to the characteristic non-linear
load which used in the building causes harmonics.
If the voltage and current harmonics will be
injected into the wire electrical installation of the
building , there will be a voltage and current
harmonic distortion . Voltage and current
harmonics are visible in the form of sinusoidal
ISSN: 2231-5381
Literary review
Basically , the voltage and current
waveform are distributed from sources to load in
sinusoidal wave form . However , the distribution
and installation process is interference a variety of
disorders that are not sinusoidal waveform pure .
One of the phenomena sinusoidal waveform
aberrations are not linear
Fig1. basic concepts of harmonic waves (EDSA)
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 27 Number 2- September 2015
Harmonic Filter
(3)
(4)
(5)
Fig. 2. The fundamental wave and the harmonic
level 3 the phase difference of 180 and the
fundamental wave shape is distorted by the third
harmonic ( EDSA )
(6)
With power factor to be achieved is 0.95 then
Here below is a table harmonic current
distortion based on standard IEEE - 519-1992 :
Table 1. Limit Current Distortion (0,12kV-69 kV)
Fig 3. The Fundamental wave and the harmonic
level 3 the phase difference of 0 and the
fundamental wave shape is distorted by the third
harmonic .( EDSA )
Voltage and current forms distorted can be
obtained by summing algebraically the basic wave
( generated by the plant) with harmonic waves
which are having a frequency , amplitude , and
phase angle varies . Furier analysis has been used
to analyze the amplitude and frequency of the wave
wich have been distorted
Harmonic Distortion
In the Electric Power System , harmonics
defined as one component of a prioda sinusoidal
wave having a frequency which is a multiple of a
round of the fundamental wave.
If the fundamental frequency of a power
system is fo , then the frequency of the harmonic
order to - h is hfo .
Indexes are often used to determine the harmonic
content , both current and voltage , total harmonic
distortion ( THD ) , which can be calculated by the
equation :
Vh
THDV
h 2
x100%
V1
Ih
THDi
2
h 2
I1
(1)
2.
Methodology
The method used is descriptive method the
writers take four stages by performing harmonic
calculations make use of software EDSA as
follows
1. Provision stage research facilities .
2. Data collection phase.
3. The data analysis phase.
4. Inference research.
In accordance with data to be studied, the
stages will be carried out by using certain methods
and techniques that are tailored to their behavior.
Data Collection
Data collection was performed by means of
measurements on each load and also on the total
load of the building of Institute Technology Padang
(ITP) campus producing harmonics of using on an
ongoing basis . In this case , these are the type of
load are , Air Conditioning ( AC ) , energy saving
lamps , PC , printers , active speakers , cell phone
charger , laptop charger , fans , and dispensers.
While the total load measurement result
based on the load above we get the following
2
x100%
(2)
With V1 is the rms value of the fundamental
component of V , Vh is the effectiv of the harmonic
components in the waveforms are distorted
ISSN: 2231-5381
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 27 Number 2- September 2015
Harmonic on the main panel can be seen in Table 4
below
Table 4. The main panel harmonic measurement
results non filter
FIG.3. Single line diagram of (ITP) campus
Table
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
2. Load measurement results panel
Building
THDi (%)
THDv(%)
A
11.92
2.88
B
8.88
2.88
C
10.11
2.88
D
11.33
2.88
E
11,92
2.88
F
15.01
2.88
Measurement results , then obtained the highest
harmonic is level 3 , 5 and 7 , and so on . So big
filter required by syoftware EDSA
These filters are installed on the main bus ITP
campus can be seen in the image below .
3. Results and Discussion
Based on the above data analysis is carried
out using a filter is needed with EDSA software .
Table 3. The main panel measurement results.
No Harmonik
THDi (%)
THDv(%)
1
3
9,965
2.88
2
5
9,928
2.88
3
7
19.17
2.88
With the current waveforms main panel as
follows
Fig. 6. EDSA simulation diagram be used filter.
Fig 4. Current waveform of main panel non filter
From the simulations shown in the table
THDi each building is dominated by 3rd harmonic
level , 5th and 7th . Preferred harmonic filter
installation on the main panel , because the
harmonics will be collected at the main panel . To
fix THDi and contained in the system . With power
factor to be achieved is 0.95 then
From the above, the simulation results
obtained following the harmonic filter.
Fig. 5. Current waveform of main panel be used
filter
ISSN: 2231-5381
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 27 Number 2- September 2015
Based on the results of the research , the electricity
load of modern buildings contain many harmonics.
From the experimental results it can be some
conclusions as follows.
Table 5. Harmonic measurement results be used
filter .
No Harmonic
L (mH)
C(µF)
1
3
1,26
102,3
2
5
1,9
112,0
3
7
2,1
114,7
5.
Table 5. Harmonic measurement results be used
filter .
Based on research , it can be graphed the results
before and after using a single tunned filter
following:
120
100
Harmonic (%)
80
60
Sebelum
Filter
40
Setelah
Filter
20
Suggestion
In order to save energy and efficiency it is
advisable to power users modern buildings to use
harmonic filters . For electricity suplayer PT PLN (
Persero ) is also recommended to use the harmonic
filter in modern building
H13
H11
H9
H7
H5
H3
0
H1
Conclusions.
After the process of planning , manufacture
and testing tools as well as by comparing the
theories supporting , and from the data obtained it
can be concluded :
1. Once the filter is installed on the main panel
looks harmonic changes that occur in the main
feeder where THDi which was originally
worth 9.03 % down to 4.47 % which has been
under the standards set by the IEEE 519-1992 .
2. After use harmonic filters can also save
electric current as follows on the harmonic
level 3 of 9.965 Amperes to 7.8 Amperes , 5
levels of harmonic currents 9.928 Ampere to
4.186 Ampere and harmonic current level 7of
19.171 Ampere becomes 2.022 Ampere . And
harmonic bigest is level 7
3. So based on the above analysis can save
electrical current of 277-236 = 41 Ampere and
this can provide energy cost savings of 380 x
41 x 0.95 x 12h / day x $ 1,0 = $ 177,6 / day
and per month to $ 177,6 x 30 = $ 5.328
million / month
4. In designing single tunned filter on the burden
of very expensive buildings of the maximum
power load of the building equipment to
anticipate the amount of reactive power
required
Harmonic level
Fig. 6 The harmonik value before and after the be
used filter
Reference
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Sebelum
Filter
2)
3)
Setelah
Filter
H1
H3
H5
H7
H9
H11
H13
Current (Amper)
1)
4)
Harmonic level
5)
Fig. 7 The current value comparison chart before
and after the be used filters .
ISSN: 2231-5381
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