International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 9 Number 1 - Mar 2014
Planar Wide Band Microwave
Frequency Antenna with
Different Radiator Shapes
¹Mathilda Colaco, ²H.G Virani
¹M.E student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Goa University
²Associate Professor Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Goa University
Abstract- This paper is a study on the performances of
planar UWB monopole antennas using a radiator of different shapes such as triangle, rectangle, square, circle,
annual ring,ellipse (both horizontal and vertical), pentagon and hexagon, for body-centric wireless networks using PDMS substrate.The planar antennas consist of a
radiator and a microstrip-feed line on one side of the
substrate and a ground plane on the other side.PDMS
substrate provides flexibility to the antenna which can
withstand severe mechanical shock by flexing instead of
breaking.
Keywords: UWB, PDMS, body-centric wireless network, Planar
monopole, omnidirectional.
tennas of different radiator shapes are simulated using
PDMS substrate using IE3D simulator.
II.ANTENNA STRUCTURE
The proposed UWB monopole antennas with different
radiator shapes consists of a radiator fed by a microstrip
line, with a width of wm to achieve 50ohms characteristics
impedance, printed on one side of the substrate and a rectangular ground plane on the other side of the substrate.The
proposed UWB monopole antennas with radiators of different shapes, including rectangle, square, circle, ellipse, pentagon and hexagon, for computer simulation studies are shown
in Fig. 1.
I.INTRODUCTION
In recent advances there has been a growing demand for
ultra wide technology as it provides various advantages such
as low cost, low complexity ,low spectral power density
,high precision ranging, low interference and extremely high
data rates.[2-9] One of the most promising areas in UWB
applications is body-centric wireless networks where various
sensors are connected together by UWB devices which have
to be low power, low-profile and unobtrusive to the human
body.[10,11].Due to the presence of human body the design
of ultra-wideband antennas is complicated. Several fundamental requirements such as wide impedance bandwidth,
small size and low profile, good on body propagation and
radiation characteristics in the proximity of the body have to
be fulfilled[10-15].. An antenna plays a very crucial role in
conventional communication systems and UWB communication systems. Nevertheless, there are more challenges in
designing an UWB antenna than a narrow band antenna [16].
Planar monopole antennas have long beenreported for its
wide band operations, simple structure andnearly omnidirectioanl radiation patterns [17]. In addition the printed version
of the monopole antenna has the conveniencenof compact
size and easy integration with microwave circuits.These an-
ISSN: 2231-5381
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(c)
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 9 Number 1 - Mar 2014
III.SIMULATION RESULTS
(e)
The proposed UWB monopole antennas with radiators of
different shapes, including rectangle, square, circle, ellipse,
pentagon and hexagon, for IE3D simulation studies are
shown in Figures below. Each antenna consists of a radiator
fed by a microstrip line printed on one side of the substrate
and a rectangular ground plane on the other side of the substrate. The antennas are designed on lowcost PDMSsubstrates with a thickness of 0.5 mm, a relative permittivity
of 3 and a optimized in terms of impedance bandwidth (S11
< 10 dB) using IE3D simulation.
(f)
(h)
dB
(g)
15
10
5
0
-5 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Frequency(GHz)
Freq(GHz)
(i)
Figure1: Geometries of antennas:( a)square, (b) hexagon, (c) pentagon, (d)
rectangle, (e) ) annular ring (f) circle, (g) ellipse (vertical), (h)ellipse (hori-
dB[S(1,1)]
Figure 2: simulation result of annular ring antenna.
These antennas are designed on a low cost PDMS substrate
with a thickness of 0.5mm,a relative permittivity of 3. In Fig.
1, the antennas have the following parameters: W = 30 mm,
L = 35 mm, wf = 3mm and hg = 12 mm. Other parameters
for these antennas are listed in Table 1.
dB
zontal) ,(i) triangle.[1]
9
4
-1
-6 1
-11
-16
21
Hf(mm)
13
13.2
13.1
13.65
13
13.7
13
13.1
14
a(mm)
16
9.24
10.4
16
6
13
16
16
16
b(mm)
6
61
81
Frequency(GHz)
Table 1: Dimensions of different radiators of antennas.[1]
Annular ring
Hexagon
Pentagon
Rectangle
Circle
Square
Ellipse(H)
Ellipse(V)
Triangle
41
Freq(GHz)
dB[S(1,1)]
Figure 3: simulation result of hexagon antenna
12.88
13
12
12
12
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 9 Number 1 - Mar 2014
5
0
-5 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
-10
-15
-20
dB
dB
15
10
Frequency(GHz)
Freq(GHz)
15
10
5
0
-5 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Frequency(GHz)
Freq(GHz)
dB[S(1,1)]
dB[S(1,1)]
Figure 7: simulation result of square antenna
Freq(GHz)
dB
Freq(GHz)
dB[S(1,1)]
Figure 8: simulation result of ellipse(horizontal) antenna
15
10
5
0
-5 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Frequency(GHz)
Figure 6: simulation result of circle antenna
13
8
3
-2
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
-7
-12
-17
-22
Frequency(GHz)
dB[S(1,1)]
Figure 5: simulation result of rectangle antenna
Freq(GHz)
dB
15
10
5
0
-5 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Frequency(GHz)
dB[S(1,1)]
dB
dB
Figure 4: simulation result of pentagon antenna
15
10
5
0
-5 1
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
Frequency(GHz)
Freq(GHz)
dB[S(1,1)]
Figure 9: simulation result of triangle antenna
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dB
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 9 Number 1 - Mar 2014
15
10
5
0
-5 1
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
Frequency(GHz)
Freq(GHz)
dB[S(1,1)]
Figure 10: simulation result of ellipse(vertical) antenna
Simulated results showed that pentagon had the widest impedance bandwidth (for S≤ -10db) of 8-11GHz, while hexagon had the lowest impedance bandwidth of 11.5-12GHz.
IV.CONCLUSION
This paper has presented the measured results for further
study on the performances of planar UWB monopole antennas using different shapes of radiators. Results of the simulation and measurement have showed that the antenna with
pentagonal radiator has a better overall performance in
terms of bandwidth. The antenna can achieve a bandwidth
from 8-11GHz, making it a good candidate for UWB bodycentric wireless networks.
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