International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 6 Number 2- Dec 2013
Touch Controlled Home Appliances Based on Arm and
Zigbee
* Yarlagadda Sruthi1
1
A.Sirisha2
PG Student (M. Tech), Dept. of ECE, Chirala Engineering College, Chirala., A.P, India.
2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, Chirala Engineering College, Chirala., A.P, India.
Abstract: These days various progressive wireless communication standards were developed
and implemented into praxis during last decade. GSM, WiFi and Bluetooth are well known by
most people in the modern society. These standards have penetrated into their daily routine
with outstanding popularity. “An Internet of people” has become ordinary for everyone who
wants to have everybody and everything within reach. Even though it seems that all peoples’
wireless requirements have fulfilled, it turns on, that they lack of something like “an internet of
things” especially in mainstream Home Automation (HA). The HA systems provide mutual
interoperability between various electronic, electrical, and power devices as well as interactive
interface for people to control their operation. This paper introduces the intelligent home
appliance control system, the system is developed through ARM microprocessor, embedded
Linux operating system, ZigBee wireless communication technology and network technology. It
gives the overall framework of hardware and software design, and describes ways to implement
the system. User can control appliances through hand-held mobile terminal. We present an
intelligent Home automation system which uses Zigbee.
Keywords: Home Automation, Zigbee, Sensor node.
diverse and the remote monitoring
1. Introduction
Thanks to the rapid development
and control areas have been studied.
of information technology and the
Recently, ZigBee has become one
growth of the Internet through high
of the most promising technologies for
speed
home
networks,
environments
changed
have
from
network
even
office
been
oriented
networks.
Zigbee
is
a
specification for a suite of networking,
security
and
application
software
business
layers using small, low-power, low
industries and public institutions to
data rate communication technology
the
digital
based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for
electronics in home networks. Home
personal area networks. Moreover,
network based applications are very
owing to the rapid growth of mobile
environments
based
interconnection
on
of
technology, high-performance smart
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 6 Number 2- Dec 2013
phones
are
in
define how the ZigBee mesh networks
increasing cases are utilized as a
operate. In this paper, we propose the
terminal device.
design
and
remote
monitoring
ZigBee
widespread
is
a
and
standards-based
implementation
and
of
a
controlling
system using ZigBee networks.
technology that addresses the unique
2. Implementation of HA system
requirements
remote
Intelligent information appliance is
monitoring and control and sensory
the main direction of development in
network applications. ZigBee builds
the appliance control field. Intelligent
upon the physical layer and medium
appliance network has small amount
access
IEEE
and low speed of data transmission;
802.15.4 for low-rate WPANs. The
there are many appliances in family
specification goes on to complete the
and it needs more network capacity.
standard
main
ZigBee is developed in recent years, a
layer,
short range wireless communications
device
technology, with low power, low data
manufacturer
rate, short distance, low cost, safe
of
control
by
defined
adding
components:
application
most
in
four
network
layer,
objects
(ZDOs)
defined
application
ZigBee
and
objects
which
allow for customization and favor total
integration.
The
initial
included
markets
Consumer
and reliable.
The
structure
of
appliance
control
system
for ZigBee
divided
into
Electronics,
terminal,
ZigBee
terminal
Health
Hand-held
control
Automation,
be
control
network
appliances
Home
can
hand-held
Energy Management and Efficiency,
Care,
intelligent
three
terminal
and
parts.
uses
Telecommunication Services, Building
advanced touch screen technology
Automation,
Industrial
and various appliances are displayed
ZigBee
as icons on the touch screen for
cost-
control. ZigBee network is used to
effective and energy-efficient mesh
connect various appliances within the
networks. It is a self-configuring, self-
home
healing system of redundant, low-
appliances and environment control
cost, very low-power nodes. ZigBee is
two sections. Each section contains
available as two feature sets, ZigBee
multiple
PRO and ZigBee. Both feature sets
communication
and
Automation.
The
specifications
define
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core
smart,
LAN,
including
nodes,
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each
information
node
terminal,
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a
each
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 6 Number 2- Dec 2013
terminal node is independent of each
Zigbee:
other, any node failure will not affect
The
main
the operation of other nodes. Each
ZIGBEE
appliance installed a ZigBee node to
2.4GHz,
communicate
transceiver
with
the
control
terminal.
technology
technology
IEEE
is
the
is
the
which
802.15.4-compliant
for
developing
our
application.
The ZigBee Alliance is a group of
The
overall
of
companies that maintain and publish
intelligent appliance control system is
the ZigBee standard. The term ZigBee
shown in Figure 1. Control Center
is a registered trademark of this
uses 32-bit embedded RISC processor
group,
based ARM 11 architecture. ZigBee
standard.
wireless
application
module
block
is
diagram
embedded
in
not
a
The
single
technical
Alliance
publishes
profiles
control center and various appliances,
multiple
in
interoperable products.
order
to
achieve
wireless
OEM
that
connectivity appliances and intelligent
control of appliances.
vendors
allow
to
create
ZigBee is a low-cost, lowpower,
wireless
mesh
network
standard. The low cost allows the
technology to be widely deployed in
wireless
control
and
monitoring
applications. Low power-usage allows
longer
life
with
Mesh
networking
smaller batteries.
provides
high
reliability and more extensive range.
The technology is intended to be
simpler and less expensive than other
WPANs such as Bluetooth. ZigBee
chip vendors typically sell integrated
radios
and
microcontrollers
with
between 60 KB and 256 KB flash
memory.
ZigBee operates in the industrial,
scientific and medical (ISM) radio
Figure 1 Proposed Home Automation system
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bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 6 Number 2- Dec 2013
in the USA and Australia, and 2.4
so a triac will always turn off at the
GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide.
end of the half-cycle. In order to
Data transmission rates vary from 20
simplify that description, there are
to 250 kilobits/second.
many half-truths above.
The ZigBee network layer natively
supports both star and tree typical
networks,
and
A triac can be turned on at any
mesh
time, and naturally turns off at the
networks. Every network must have
end of each half-cycle. Clearly this
one coordinator device, tasked with
enables us to control the current and
its
its
hence the power in the circuit. If the
parameters and basic maintenance.
triac is turned on at the beginning of
Within star networks, the coordinator
each half-cycle, then the current flows
must be the central node. Both trees
for all of the time, and maximum
and meshes allow the use of ZigBee
power is delivered to the load. If we
routers to extend communication at
turn the triac on later in the half-
the network level.
cycle,
Triac:
sometimes,
creation,
A
triac
generic
Using a triac
the
we
then
turn it on only
less
power
is
directional semiconductor switch. It is
how often we turn on the triac, we
a 3-terminal device, there are two
have two modes of operation. If we
Main Terminals, A1 and A2 that carry
turn the triac on at the same relative
the
being
point in each half-cycle, this is called
switched, and a control terminal, the
phase control. If we turn the triac on
Gate, G, which accepts the control
for a cycle or two and then leave it off,
signal to turn the switch on.
it is called burst fire or sometimes
the
directional
current
controlled
or if
delivered. Depending on when and
But
a
of
bi-
heavy
is
control
that
is
triac,
like
its
uni-
cousin
the
thyristor,
whole cycle control.
Phase Control
cannot be turned off using the gate.
Maximum power is delivered to the
Once turned on, the triac will conduct
load when the triac conducts for the
forever, the only way to turn it off is to
whole of each half-cycle, the power
remove the current by some other
ramps down continuously (but not
means. Fortunately, in an alternating
linearly) to zero when the triac does
current circuit, the current falls and
not conduct at all.
passes through zero every half-cycle,
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 6 Number 2- Dec 2013
Burst Fire
dips
Maximum power is delivered to the
is
generally expressed
as a
percentage of the normal voltage.
load when the triac conducts for every
If you have your own supply, this
cycle. As fewer cycles conduct, the
is at least under your control, but in
average power falls in steps (of 20% in
general this is not the case and you
this case).
share
Firing (triggering) the triac
anything from a handful to many
For this task, there are a number
tens,
the
electricity
possibly
supply
hundreds,
with
of
of ICs that not only generate the
neighbours. Therefore every time you
appropriate signal but also provide
switch a load on, the voltage to
isolation between the mains side and
everyone will dip, and recover when
the control side. Just two examples
you
are the MOC3021 for phase control
repeatedly and frequently, it is called
and MOC3041 for burst fire, both
flicker. Incandescent lamps are highly
from Fairchild and others. The Typical
sensitive to voltage variation; the light
Triac is shown in fig.2.
output is roughly proportional to V3.4
switch
off.
If
this
happens
and so there are strict limits set down
to define the maximum allowable
voltage change, which is related to
how often the changes take place.
[See Reference] Flicker is a problem
for burst fire controllers.
The hardware of smart socket
Figure 2 Triac Symbol
Any electricity supply has a finite
impedance, a property of the cables,
transformers,
switchgear
and
ultimately even the generators that
make up the system. And like every
impedance, when you draw a current,
a
voltage
appears
across
it
that
include micro control center, ZigBee
module, switch driver module, short
circuit / overload protection module,
power / voltage detection module,
local
switch
circuit
and
module. The block diagram is shown
in Figure3.
causes the voltage of the supply to
drop. The amount that the voltage
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 6 Number 2- Dec 2013
Figure 3 Block Diagram of the HA system
Figure 4 Designed Home Automation system prototype
3. Results and Conclusions
This paper proposes design and
implementation
of
a
Home
automation and controlling system
based on ZigBee networks. Real-time
automation
Zigbee
and
is
implemented
ARM
with
Microcontroller.
Figure 5 Output on the Designed LCD display
Clients can monitor their homes and
send light control commands using
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank
the web or a smart phone by adding a
GSM module to the above design.
the
anonymous
reviewers
for
their
This system can be applied in
comments which were very helpful in
many areas such as elderly protecting
improving the quality and presentation
systems, cultural heritage or forest
of this paper.
fire monitoring systems, managing
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