International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
Degradation Of Organic Dye By Fenton’s Reagent
Ahamed Ibrahim S N
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Bhararth University, Chennai, India
Abstract
Degradation of the dye is one of the important tast to safeguard the environment. The
processes based on the production and the oxidative action of hydroxyl radicals are
called "advanced oxidation processes The study on degradation of organic dye
suggest that the fenton method of de-mineralising will be one of the promising
process when campare to all other phyio-chemical method. The decolorization effect
had given the best result
INTRODUCTION
Color is one of the most obvious indicators of wastewater pollution. The
discharges of highly colored dye effluent can indeed pollute the receiving water
bodies. Synthetic dyes are used extensively by several industries including textile
dyeing (60%), paper (10%) and plastic matter (10%). The textile industry uses about
10,000 different dyes. It is estimated that 10– 15% of the dye is lost in the effluent
during dyeing processes. Furthermore, some azo dyes, their precursors and a number
of their reaction products are carcinogenic Therefore, the treatment of the effluent
containing these compounds is important for the protection of natural waters.
It is very difficult to successfully treat dye wastewater using traditional
biological processes. Dyes are indeed refractory to microbial degradation because of
their substitution groups such as the azo, nitro or sulpho groups. In recent years, there
has been growing interest in finding better ways to degrade those recalcitrant
compounds. Several studies have shown that oxidation of organic compounds using
Fenton’s reagent (H2O2, Fe2+) is efficient to degrade organic compounds like azo
dyes. Fenton’s reagent is known as a precursor of the hydroxyl radical OH, a highly
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
oxidizing agent. The processes based on the production and the oxidative action of
hydroxyl radicals are called "advanced oxidation processes" (AOPs). They provide a
convenient method for the treatment of undesirable pollutants. The goal of these
processes is to decrease the strong color of the effluents and their toxicological
effects. This implies the decrease in the dye concentration below ppm levels.
1.1 DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC DYE (Acid red-18) COMPOUNDS BY
FENTON’S REAGENT:
The Fenton process is based on an electron transfer between H2O2 and Fe2+
acting as homogenous catalyst. The process generates hydroxyl radicals .
Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + OH- + OH*
(1)
The generated ·OH radicals have an oxidizing potential of 2.6V Vs. NHE and is
capable of oxidizing a wide range of organics in wastewater. The Fenton system has
been used successfully in the treatment of organic dye. Fenton reaction can
additionally be applied
1.2 SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION
1. Preparation of the organic effluent (500 ppm) in the C.O.D range of 400 – 600
ppm.
2. Treatment of the synthetic effluent with Fenton’s reagent (FeSO4.7H20 + H2O2).
3. Finding the C.O.D of the treated effluent.
4. Calculating Mineralization efficiency.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
C .L Hsueha et al, 2005, investigated Fenton and Fenton-like reactions at low
iron concentration to oxidize three commercial azo dyes, namely Red MX-5B,
Reactive Black 5 and Orange G.
Soo-Myung Kim et al, 1998, found that the Photo-Fenton-Process utilizing
The combinations Fe(II)/H202/UVA and Fe(III) oxalate/H202/UVA was employed
with success to degrade biorefractory organic pollutants in landfill leachate.
Ewa Lipczynska- Kochany et al, 1991, concluded that the Fentonreagent has
been successfully applied to the degradation of 2-nitro-(I),4-nitro-(II) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (III) in aerated aqueous solutions.The rate of the Fenton reaction of
nitrobenzene (IV) is slowerthan those of nitrophenols (I) — (III).
Xue-Kun Zhao et al, 2004 The photochemical degradation of dimethyl
phthalate (DMP) in water shown variety of reaction conditions using hydrogen
peroxide and Fe(II) (Fenton reagent) as oxidant. All experiments were conducted
under artificial UV light (high pressure Hg lamp).
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METHODOLOGY
3.1 PREPARATION OF THE SYNTHETIC DYE EFFLUENT
Organic dye effluent, hydrogen peroxide,
and
FeSO4.7H2O
were
of
analytical grade. The required solutions were prepared by using high purity water
i.e., by dissolving 0.25g Acid red-18 in distilled water & making up the solution to 1
litre. The initial COD of the solution seemed to be between 400–600 mg/L. The
initial pH of the solution was adjusted using analytical grade sulfuric acid and
sodium hydroxide.
3.2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE
The sample solution is kept in the conical flask. The FeSO4 is initially added
to the solution in required quantity. When H2O2 was added into the solution
containing Acid red-18 and Fe2+, the color of the solution rapidly turned from red to
colorless within 30s. which indicates the completion of the reaction.
3.3 CALCULATION OF EFFICIENCIES
Mineralisation Efficiency(ME):
ME(%) =
A−B
A
× 100
Where,
A - Initial COD of the effluent.
B – Final COD of the effluent.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 EFFECT OF TIME ON DEGRADATION
TABLE 4.1 EFFECT OF TIME ON DEGRADATION
Parameters
Values
Ph
3
Initial dye Concentration
500
FeSO4 Concentration
20
H2O2 Concentration
700
The variation of degradation percentage with time is shown in Fig. It may be
seen that, as the time increases, the mineralisation efficiency also increases and after
60
mins,
the
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mineralisation
does
not
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increases
significantly.
Page 31
Mineralisation Efficeincy
(%)
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
40
35
31
30
20
19
36
36
24
22
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Time (mins)
Figure 4.1 Condition under which the experiment is carried out when varying
the time
4.2 EFFECT OF PH ON DEGRADATION
The experiments were carried out under the following conditions shown in
Table 4.2.1 by varying the pH.
Table 4.2 Condition under which the experiment is carried out when varying
pH values.
Parameters
Time
Values
60 mins
Initial Acid red-18 Concentration
500 mg/L
FeSO4 Concentration
20 mg/L
H2O2 Concentration
700 mg/L
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
The variation of mineralisation percentage with pH is shown in Fig.4.2.1. It may
Mineralisation Efficiency (%)
be seen that, as the pH goes beyond 4, the mineralisation efficiency decreases.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
35
34
31
30
24
21
19
15
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
pH
Fig.4.2 Effect of pH on mineralisation
This is due to the fact that Fenton’s processes are efficient in the acidic range. This
may also be due to the fact that Fe2+ is inactive at higher pH levels. At this point, the
maximum degradation achieved, seems to be 35%.
4.3
EFFECT
OF
INITIAL
ACID
RED-18
CONCENTRATION
ON
DEGRADATION
The experiments were carried out under the following conditions shown in
Table 4.3.1 by varying the initial Acid red-18 concentration.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
Table 4.3 Condition under which the experiment is carried out when varying
initial Acid red-18 concentration.
Parameters
Values
Time
60 mins
pH
3
FeSO4 Concentration
20 mg/L
H2O2 Concentration
700 mg/L
The variation of mineralisation efficiency with initial Acid red-18 concentration
is shown in Fig 4.3.1. It may be seen that, as the initial Acid red-18 concentration
Mineralisation Efficiency
(%)
increases, the mineralisation efficiency decreases.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
73
69
64
58
43
37
29
0
200
400
600
23
800
1000
Initial Phenol Concentration (mg/L)
Fig.4.3 Effect of initial Acid red-18 concentration on mineralisation.
4.4 EFFECT OF FeSO4 CONCENTRATION ON DEGRADATION
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
The experiments were carried out under the following conditions shown in
Table 4.4.1 by varying the FeSO4 concentration.
Table 4.4 Condition under which the experiment is carried out when varying
FeSO4 concentration.
Parameters
Time
Values
60 mins
pH
3
Initial Acid red-18 Concentration
500 mg/L
H2O2 Concentration
700 mg/L
the variation of mineralisation efficiency with FeSO4 concentration is shown in
Fig.4.4.1. It may be seen that, as the FeSO4 concentration increases, the
mineralisation efficiency also increases and at 40 mg/L of FeSO4, the mineralisation
is maximum. The mineralisation does not increases significantly with further
increase in FeSO4 concentration.
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Mineralisation Efficiency
(%)
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
60
51
50
53
52
54
53
43
40
36
30
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
FeSO4 Concentration (mg/L)
Fig.4.4 Effect of FeSO4 concentration on mineralisation
Similar effect is observed by Babuponnusami A and Muthukumar K (2010).
4.5 EFFECT OF H2O2 CONCENTRATION ON DEGRADATION
The experiments were carried out under the following conditions shown in
Table 4.5.1 by varying the H2O2 concentration.
Table 4.5 Condition under which the experiment is carried out when varying
H2O2.
Parameters
Time
Values
60 mins
pH
3
Initial Acid red-18 Concentration
500 mg/L
FeSO4 Concentration
800 mg/L
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
the variation of mineralisation efficiency with H2O2 concentration is shown in Fig.4.5.1. It
may be seen that, as the H2O2 concentration increases, the mineralisation efficiency also
Mineralisation Efficiency (%)
increases and after 800 mg/L, the mineralisation decreases.
70
63
60
57
50
40
37
30
39
43
35
30
20
10
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
H2O2 Concentration (mg/L)
Fig.4.5 Effect of H2O2 concentration on mineralisation
Similar effect is observed by Babuponnusami A and Muthukumar K. A further increase
in concentration decreased the efficiency due to scavenging effects.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
CONCLUSION
The study on degradation of organic dye suggest that the fenton method of de-mineralising
will be one of the promising process when campare to all other phyio-chemical method. The
decolorization effect had given the best result when the process applied to acid red 18.
Maintaining the optimum parameters like pH, dye concentration etc., makes the ideal way to
degrade effectively
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume3 Issue 5 Number3–Sep 2012
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