International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
Stress Failure Location Prediction of Kickstand Using CATIA
V5 Analysis
Ankitkumar K. shriwas#1, Vidyadhar C. Kale*2, K.V. Chandratre#3
#
pg scholar, GES’SRH Sapat college of engineering management studies and research
Nashik 5, Maharashtra, India
Abstract — As the literature survey is done over the
failure of kickstand of motorcycle, it is seen that most
of failures are happened at neck portion of kickstand.
By analysing the kickstand in CATIA V5 (generative
structural analysis) the failure location can be
predicted. After stress analysis using proper mesh
element, stress and deformation results are calculated.
Stress density, magnitude and proper visualisation
locate the failure zone in kickstand. This is quick and
simple method of analysing the component which
avoids lengthy analytical method of calculation for
prediction of failure. Finally the results are
crosschecked by actual cases of failure of kickstand.
Keywords — ‘CATIA
‘kickstand’, ‘failure’ etc
V5’,
‘stress
analysis’,
.
I. INTRODUCTION
Kickstand is important component of motorcycle
without which it is difficult to stand the motorcycle
quickly. While in working, kickstand undergoes large
concentration of stresses. Cracks are generated at
different portion due to corrosive environment and
other scratches [2]. Due to loading these cracks are
increased and kickstand gets failed at that highly
stressed point. In present study area of concentration
of stresses are located by using CATIA V5 (generative
structural analysis). The software is also basically
used in stress analysis field [4, 5]. Proper boundary
condition is applied to model of kickstand in software
and analysis is done. Parabolic three dimensional five
node element is used for meshing. The result shows
that the stresses are concentrated at neck portion and
also increased if small crack is present near neck area.
Fig. 1 Top view of kickstand
Figure 4 show soft three dimensional model
transferred in CATIA software. Material specification
are given below,
I. TABLE I
KICKSTAND MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical properties
Young’s modulus
Poisson’s ratio
Density
Coefficient of thermal
expansion
Yield strength [5]
measurements
2*1011 N/m2
0.266
7860kg/m3
1.17*10-5 Kdeg
570 MPa
II. PRE-PROCESSING
It includes the model preparation and conditioning
of model according to the analysis purpose.
A. Model preparation
The kickstand model is designed in leading design
software Creo parametric 2.0. The designed model is
then transferred to the CATIA software where
material is assigned to it. The material of generally
used kickstand is plain carbon steel in fully annealed
condition [3]. The material mechanical properties are
stored in the software library. The major dimensions
are shown in following figures. Dimensions are
specified in millimetres.
ISSN: 2231-5381
Fig. 1 Front view of kickstand
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
Fig. 3 Side view of kickstand
Fig. 4 Three dimensional model of kickstand in
CATIA V5
B. Meshing
The model is meshed using parabolic tetrahedron
(three dimensional) element. The error in meshing are
minimised by selecting parabolic element as hourglass
effect is minimum in parabolic element [1]. Near
about 2600 element are formed for analysis purpose.
C. Boundary condition
The kickstand is constrained at different position for
different motion (degree of freedom). While analysing
the actual kickstand in applied position, the portion
that contacts the ground is free to move. The neck
arms are fastened to motorcycle chassis by nut bolt
hence all degree of freedom of both arm are locked. In
CATIA, at arm of kickstand clamp is provided.
Smooth virtual part is provided at the recess of bolt in
arm portion because during deformation the holes
don’t get deformed. For simplicity new UCS system is
defined to apply the boundary condition. Following
figure shows the kickstand model after applied
boundary condition [1].
surface contact between kickstand and ground.
Sometimes due to excess loading on motorcycle in
parked position one arm get forced. This force is
applied by outgrowth of chassis as shown in figure.
The kickstand undergoes in static loading as it is used
in static system [6].
Normal reaction over the kickstand varies as the
weight of motorcycle varies. The reaction is also
increased if rider sits over the motorcycle in actuated
position of kickstand. When the motorcycle is parked
on kickstand, balancing is done as three point support
standing. Force exerted by kickstand on ground is
calculated practically and found average as 245.25 N.
F = μ * Rn
Where,
μ: coefficient of friction between steel and
concrete about 0.4 [7].
Rn: normal reaction about 245.25 N.
F = 98.1 N
Force over one pin where spring is tied is 189.51 N
and 50.78 N in horizontal direction. Other shock load
and spring load is small hence doesn’t affect the stress
behaviour of kickstand. In steady applied position
kickstand undergoes two main forces that are
frictional force and ground reaction. After applying
loading condition the model looks like following
figure,
Fig. 6 Loading at the bottom of kickstand
Fig. 7 Loading over the pin of kickstand
Fig. 5 Constraint at the neck of kickstand
D. Loading conditions
During the leaning position of the motorcycle,
ground reaction is acted on the kickstand at the
contacting point with ground. This is vertically
upward directed. Frictional force is also acted at the
ISSN: 2231-5381
II. PROCESSING
Now the kickstand is ready for analysis purpose. In
CATIA (generative structural analysis) processing is
done by solver which is already provided in their
workstation. Gauss R6 method is used for solution
calculation. Material analysis, meshing, stiffness
calculation, load and constraint determination is done
stepwise in solver and results are calculated [1].
Complete model for processing is shown below,
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Fig. 8 Complete model for analysis
III. POST PROCESSING
In post processing the results that are obtained in
processing are analysed. Von misses criteria of failure
is most accurate criteria among other failure criteria,
hence it is used for analysis of kickstand [2]. It is seen
that most of stresses are generated in neck portion of
the kickstand as shown in figure. About 1.24*108
N/m2 maximum stresses are generated at neck portion.
Perhaps this value is much lesser than yield strength of
plain carbon steel as provided in table of properties.
Hence kickstand doesn’t fails but during long service
of kickstand dents and corroded areas are formed at
different areas of kickstand which lowers strength of
material and the crack are generated at these most
vulnerable areas of kickstand.
Fig. 11 Stress concentration at frame number 21
At frame 40,
Fig. 12 Stress concentration at frame number 40
It is seen from the above figures, the first evidence
of stress is near to the neck portion of the kickstand.
Principle stresses that are generated in all over the
kickstand are shown in following figure,
Fig. 9 Von mises stresses generated in kickstand
When the stresses are starts generating, at different
frame following visualization is seen as,
At frame 12,
Fig. 13 Principle stress distribution in kickstand
For more stress behaviour information cut section is
taken along the middle surface of the kickstand as
shown in the following figure,
Fig. 10 Stress concentration at frame number 12
At frame 21,
Fig. 14 Longitudinal sectional view of kickstand with
generated stress
Complete meshed model along with stress contour is
shown below,
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
Fig. 15 Meshed model along with stress contour
In actual case studies of failure of kickstand it also
seen that kickstand is generally failed or starts failing
near the neck area. Following are some real
photograph of failure of kickstand.
Fig. 19 Ductile failure of another kickstand
Fig. 16 Failure of kickstand at neck [3]
From results and case studies it is found proper
boundary and loading conditions generates the stresses
near the neck portion of the kickstand. Though the
stresses are less initially but after a long service time
of kickstand the material weakens, these stresses are
increased beyond the strength of kickstand material
and crack is formed near the neck of kickstand and
then kickstand fails as ductile failure. Weakening of
material is mainly due to corrosion and dents as
kickstand is direct contact with the environment.
Fig. 17 Side view of failure part of kickstand [3]
Fig. 20 Stress magnitude in the kickstand
IV. CONCLUSIONS
It is found from result and discussion that the most
vulnerable site for failure of kickstand is neck portion
of kickstand. During actuated position of kickstand
most stresses are generated near the neck of kickstand.
From this result it is seen that for quick and simple
checking of stress and failure analysis CATIA V5 is
suitable software than the lengthy analytical method of
stress calculations. Pin and bottom surface are less
prone to stress concentration than the neck as the
results are verified in software and case studies.
REFERENCES
Fig. 18 Failure of another kickstand
[1]
[2]
[3]
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R. Cozzens, CATAI V5 workbook, 19th ed., SDC publication,
Cedar city, Utah, 2009
V.B. Bhandari, design of machine element, 3rd ed., tata
McGraw-hill education, new Delhi, india, 2010
Z. huda, K.w. Shi, R. Bulpett, ‘failure analysis of steel
motorcycle kickstand’, journal of failure analysis and
prevention, vol. 9, pp 305-309, may 2009
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
[4]
[5]
A.J. Muminovik, I. Sarc, N. Repcic, ‘numerical analysis of
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M.A.M. Azlan, M.A.M. Nor, H. Rashid, W.M.F.W.
Mahyuddin, J. Mahud, ‘stress analysis of low loader chassis’,
procedia engineering, vol. 41, pp 995-1001, 2012
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[6]
[7]
D. Kopernic, ‘on the safety of motorcycle side stands’, SAE
technical papers series, vol. 2, N4, 840905, pp1-9, 1984
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