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Corner Samora Machel
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Moscow 105120
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Mailing address:
P.O. Box 25 – Moscow 105120
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Tel.: +7 495 926 60 70
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Sapta Pesona Building, 13th floor
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Mailing address:
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Tel.: +62 21 381 35 72
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Mailing address:
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2011
G3ict
www.g3ict.org
www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org
© ITU 2011
.
89
1,4
37
100
(CRPD)
i
(G3ict)
www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org
ii
(DTT)
(IPTV)
12
(W3C)
(WHATWG)
(DECE)
HTML5
(Apple’s iCloud)
60
iii
MPEG4 MPEG2
iv
DR
DTV4ALL
(DTV4ALL)
v
i
iii
..............................................................................................
.........................
v
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1
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11
11
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1.1
2.1
3.1
4.1
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1.2
3
1.3
2.3
3.3
4.3
4
02
.........................................................................
22
28
......................................................
...........................................
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.............................
21
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21
21
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vii
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2.4
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4.4
5.4
6.4
7.4
8.4
9.4
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1.5
11
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71
73
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1.9
2.9
3.9
4.9
viii
1
1.1
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1
2
.2
.3
8
.4
.5
1
558 550
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/citygroup/washington.htm
1
2
2.1
65
3.1
3
11
2011
20
www.economist.com/node/17963285?story_id=17963285
3
2
4.1
4
65
2.0
1.0
2
1
4
4
3
5
6
5
www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/betterdesign2/exclusioncalc/exclusioncalc.html
Long, F. 'Real or Imaginary: The Effectiveness of using Personas in Product Design'. Proceedings of the Irish Ergonomics Society
Annual Conference, May 2009, pp1-10 Dublin.
6
3
5.1
8 7
20
10
180
Ashoka.org www.ashoka.org/fellow/3557
(2005)
5
7
8
2
NHK
3
6
2
3
7
3
3
4
4
8
1.2
9
2010
0232
3
5
10
9
2010
24
23
www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/accessibility/20101123/programme.html
Tiresias.org Research resources – television checklist. www.tiresias.org/research/guidelines/checklists/television_checklist.htm
9
10
V
RTBF
24
6
6
10
7
(EPG)
7
8
4
11
ABC
9
9
10
32
12
3
2
1
4
1.3
–
–
–
–
14
2.3
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
11
11
13
11
4.3
15
3.3
1.3.3
2.3.3
4
11
12
3.3.3
11
http://accessibility.sky.com/get-the-most-from-sky/sky-tv/if-you-have-visual-impairment/audio-description
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qu0GYkuCrRg
4
12
16
4.3.3
75
13
(ok)
5.3.3
14
6.3.3
12
•
•
•
•
www.helpscheme.co.uk/
www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/betterdesign/downloads/exclusioncalc.html
17
13
14
•
•
•
•
•
•
4.3
13
13
18
19
4
15
16
1.4
1.1.4
.1
.2
.3
8
15
OFOM, UK 2006
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/tv-research/usability/
2005
Ferryside And Llansteffan
DCMS
16
20
14
15
37
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
21
•
•
•
•
•
2.1.4
16
17
22
2
18
18
(DVB)
ATSC
21
EIA-708
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

24
5
2.4
1.2.4
23
2.2.4
17
1.3
Tiresias.org
18
19
5
17
www.tiresias.org/research/guidelines/checklists/remote_checklist.htm
25
Tiresiag.org
18
4.4
19
5.4
20
RTP
1
6.4
.1
.2
.3
.1
.2
Galster, Jason A. A new method for wireless connectivity in hearing aids. Hearing Journal: October 2010 - Volume 63- Issue 10 - pp 36,38-39
19
http://journals.lww.com/thehearingjournal/Fulltext/2010/10000/A_new_method_for_wireless_connectivity_in_hearing.6.aspx
www.rtp.pt/wportal/acessibilidades/index.php
RTP
20
26
.3
1
21
2.0
22
322000
2011
5.1
7.4
23
Ouch
100
20
Henrik Vejlgaard (2010). Danskerne og det digitale tv-signal [the Danes and Digital Television] ISBN 978-87-993785-0-0
www.helpscheme.co.uk/
www.bbc.co.uk/ouch/fact/ouch_guide_to_audio_description.shtml
27
21
22
23
8.4
28
9.4
24
25
14 5
Jakobsen and Studsgaard (2011). An exploratory study of the use of Audio Description and digital television in Denmark.
Master’s thesis. IT University of Copenhagen (in press).
Rander, Anni and Peter Olaf Looms. The accessibility of television news with live subtitling on digital television. Pages 155-160.
Proceedings of the 8th international interactive conference on Interactive TV & Video, Tampere, Finland 09-11 June 2010.
Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. NY, USA.
29
24
25
5
6
20
ISBN
HbbTV
I44-2004
P/AS EBU
40
27 26
2004
2004
1.5
28
29
2.5
1.2.5
de Jong, Frans (EBU Project Group P/AS). Access Services for Digital Television. EBU TECHNICAL REVIEW – October 2004.
EBU Technical - Information I44-2004. EBU report on Access Services [includes recommendations] 2004.
26
27
28
www.worldblindunion.org/en/our-
1
29
work/campaigns/Pages/AccessToTechnology.aspx
41
30
Ofcom
180
2011
31
32
2005
6
OFCOM
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/tv-research/subt.pdf
www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2K9-JPIPjg
30
31
42
21
33
Mary Carroll and Jan Ivarsson. Code of Good Subtitling Practice. Approved at the meeting of the European Association for
Studies in Screen Translation in Berlin 17.10.1998 www.transedit.se/code.htm
SMPTE-TT
W3C-TT
(W3C Timed Text W3C-TT
EBU-DFXP
44
32
33
22
Universal Subtitles
Synote
34
Wald, M. (2011) Crowdsourcing Correction of Speech Recognition Captioning Errors. In: W4A 2011: 8th International CrossDisciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility, March 2011, Hyderabad India. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/22430/
34
43
35
PBS NewsHour
Go
23
36
37
NHK
An example of this can be seen on the PBS NewsHour site: http://to.pbs.org/g7Crvq
www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2K9-JPIPjg BBC-2
35
36
Toru Imai, Shinichi Homma, Akio Kobayashi, Takahiro Oku, and Shoei Sato NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) Science &
37
Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan. Speech Recognition with a Seamlessly Updated Language Model for Real-Time
Closed-Captioning. INTERSPEECH 2010, Makuhari, Japan, 26-30 September 2010.
45
100
3.5
“En Lengua de
2
1
Signos”
38
03
RTVE
“En Lengua de Signos”
2010
20
http://attherimmm.blogspot.com/2010/06/will-deaf-say-no-to-signed-tv-in-uk.html
38
46
1
DR2 DR1
TV2
4.5
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47
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30
26
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(3)
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48
500400
27
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20
49
5.5
W3C
RNIB
2014-2011
2013-2011
39
DR
29
6
28
2011
28 [
DR
DR til alle
http://kum.dk/nyheder-og-presse/pressemeddelelser/2011/januar/public-service-fra-dr-til-alle/
39
30
6.5
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1.6.5
31
2.6.5
32
6
1.6
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30
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34
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31
33
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10
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30 10
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35
40
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41
Pear Tree
42
256
http://customcaptions.com
www.psp- 2
2
D2.5
2
1
40
D2.5
41
dtv4all.org/
Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast [2007]
www.translationconcepts.org/pdf/audiodescription_forli.pdf
42
36
5.6
.1
(OCR)
HbbTV
.2
6.6
37
7
1.7
2.7
32
12
38
39
43
3.7
44
34
34
4
kbit/s 100
kbit/s 25
kbit/s 160
kbit/s 40
kbit/s 10
kbit/s 40
kbit/s 256
kbit/s 64
kbit/s 64
kbit/s 1100-500
kbit/s 256-128
kbit/s 256-128
Mbit/s 10
Mbit/s 2,5
M bit/s 5,2
Mbit/s 18
Mbit/s 4,5
M bit/s 5,4 - 5,2
43
www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article/0,,id=185704,00.html
44
50
2003
Ofcom
Ofcom
2010
8
6
202
36-18
204
36-18
45
205
4.7
1.4.7
35
www.webteacher.ws/2010/10/11/21st-century-communications-and-video-accessibility-act-now-law/
51
45
46
2001 1970
1980
2010
47
48
(2050 1950)
17
29
3
10
36
http://unctadstat.unctad.org/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=95
http://unctadstat.unctad.org/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=94
46
World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision, Pop. Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN. Quoted in
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization
48
47
52
2.4.7
49
2010
82
50
65
1950
68
Rand
Rand
65
419
4
2030
130
8
1950
2000
69
2010
24
65
80
65
65
2050
51
21
1990
2010
2015
60
Hackman, Gene, Xun Wang and Ya-Lin Liu. 2002. Brief review of world demographic trends. Available at
http://gsociology.icaap.org/report/demsum.html
49
Rand
50
www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB5058/index1.html
2010
51
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Default.aspx
54
3.4.7
10
52
15
4.4.7
1997
53
54
(2011)
2014
2025
1
.2
www.sinomania.com/facts_about_china/china_is_people.html
2010
52
53
www.itu.int/net/itunews/issues/2010/01/27.aspx
www.itu.int/pub/D-HDB-GUIDELINES.01-2010/en
54
53
.3
(LED)
(LCD)
15
10
DIGITALEUROPE
DIGITALEUROPE
DTG
NORDIG
2010
"R4 WG19"
5.4.7
.1
.2
.3
.4
55
55
DVB-H DMB-T
56
55
56
56
8
9
1.8
37
57
DR
57
DR2 DR1
2211 2211
2012
DR2 DR1
38
58
2008
(%)
38
(%)
60
37
72
43
82
61
66
40
66
26
38
RNIB
2
http://kum.dk/nyheder-og-presse/pressemeddelelser/2011/januar/public-service-fra-dr-til-alle/
57
RNIB
MP
OFCOM
www.rnib.org.uk/getinvolved/campaign/.../Ofcom_MP_briefing _10_09.doc
58
58
6
6
2.8
2012
MPEG4
MPEG2
21
30:7
5
Tegnsprogskanalen
59
DVB-T2
21
39
60
9
59
60
61
ISDB
ATSC
ETSI TR 102 612 V1.1.1 (2009-03) Technical Report. Human Factors (HF); European accessibility requirements for public
procurement of products and services in the ICT domain (European Commission Mandate M 376, Phase 1)
2011
28 19
ETV Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format 1.0 OC-SP-ETV-BIF1.0-I06-110128 OpenCable™
59
60
61
Looms, Peter Olaf. Who chooses the news? Gatekeeping and digital media. September, 2010. Media Digest, RTHK, Hong Kong SAR
www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest/20100914_76_122659.html
61
62
1.9
1
4
4
9
1
www2.ohchr.org/english/law/disabilities-convention.htm
62
62
2
1 30
30
1
30
29
2.9
OpenCable
7
DIGITALEUROPE
2003
Ofcom
100
10
3.9
4.9
64
29
63
37
.1
1
5.1 2.1
.2
2
.3
3
65
.4
4
.5
5
.6
6
.7
7
8
.8
9
66
(Accessibility Service = Access Service [UK])
5
5
(Accessibility)
63
64
8
(Accessibility, Linguistic)
13
22
(AD)
(Aphasia, Receptive)
65
11
(Assistive Technology, AT)
61
13
(ATSC
(Audio Description)
66
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility
and Mark R. Kramer. The Big Idea: Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review. The Magazine. January – Michael E. Porter
February, 2011. http://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value/ar/1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptive_aphasia
Based on definition in the Description Key, the Described and Captioned Media Program. www.dcmp.org/descriptionkey/
67
63
64
65
66
30
(Audio Description, broadcast mix)
26
(Audio Description, receiver mix)
5
(Audiovisual Content)
5
(Audiovisual Media)
32
(Bit map)
A
A
67
17
49
(Blocking)
(Business model)
68
(Captioning)
69
Christie Pennisi‘s
http://sthcpennisicreativemedia.blogspot.com/2011/05/vector-vs-bitmap-images.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_model
www.dcmp.org/captioningkey/
67
68
69
68
21
18
18
(Captioning, Audio)
9
(Captioning, Closed)
18
(Captioning, In-vision)
(Captioning, Inter-lingual)
(Captioning, Intra-lingual)
12
31
(Captioning, Open)
(Captioning, Pre-prepared)
56
55
CEA
(Catch-up TV)
(CEA)
20
21
50
(Clean Audio)
(Control, Remote)
(Corporate Social Responsibility)
9
(Crawler)
70
57
CRPD
50
(CRPD)
(CSR)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_ticker
69
70
5
DECE
(DECE)
(Digital Dividend)
5
(DECE) (Digital Entertainment Content Ecosystem)
UltraViolet™
EICTA
55
(Digital Europe Association)
28
(Digital Switchover)
15
55
Freeview
(Digital Television Group)
Freeview
(D-Book)
54
51
UHF VHF
(Dividend, Digital)
71
GHz 1 MHz 200
8
4
5
(Disability)
72
73
DTG
www.itu.int/net/itunews/issues/2010/01/27.aspx
71
72
www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?navid=13&pid=150
www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?id=262
2
73
70
8
(Dubbing)
74
25
(DVB)
300-250
(DVB subtitles)
31
EBU
(EBU)
ETSI
(ETSI)
(EPG)
(EBU) (European Blind Union)
1984
31
(European Broadcasting Union)
71
56
74
(ETSI) (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
5
62
700
FCC
(Federal Communications Commission)
1934
7
(Functional impairment)
75
76
Deborah Kaplan
28
HbbTV
HbbTV
5
1997
HTML4
HTML5
HTML
2011
HTML5
XHTML
HTML
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubbing_%28filmmaking%29
74
75
www.fahcsia.gov.au/guides_acts/ssg/ssguide-1/ssguide-1.1/ssguide-1.1.f/ssguide-1.1.f.270.html
www.accessiblesociety.org/topics/demographics-identity/dkaplanpaper.htm
71
76
<
> <
> <
> <
>
77
28
(Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV)
(I-Cloud)
7
(Impairment, age-related)
9
(Impairment, cognitive)
78
8
(Impairment, dexterity)
79
(Impairment, hearing)
9
250
Hz 4000
80
8
(Impairment, visual)
81
10
(Inclusive design)
82
ISDB
ATSC
25
DMB-T/H
31
(Integrated Digital Television Receiver)
DVB-C DVB-S DVB-T
(ISDB) (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting)
5
(IPTV) (Internet Protocol Television)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5
www.apt.gc.ca/wat/wb14200e.asp?dId=4
www.apt.gc.ca/wat/wb14200e.asp?dId=123
www.apt.gc.ca/wat/wb14200e.asp?did=5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment
www.edc.eng.cam.ac.uk/betterdesign/whatis/whatis3.html
77
78
79
80
81
82
72
83
5
IPTV
31
ISDB
13
(Jitter)
84
6
(Key Performance Indicator)
85
12
(Language condensation)
19
(Lectoring)
53
MDGS
14
(Metadata)
5
17
(Metric)
(Metric, Quality)
37
(Multiplex)
86
55
NorDig
87
OFCOM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Television
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter
83
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_indicator
85
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex_%28TV%29
www.nordig.org/
74
84
86
87
33
5
(Office of Communications)
(OIPF) (Open IPTV Forum)
20
56
(Oralist)
(Over-the-top TV)
88
26
(PVR) (Personal video recorder)
89
38 9
(Picture-in-Picture)
90
21
17
(Playout center)
(EPG) (Programme Guide, Electronic)
91
13
(Programme Guide, On-screen)
23
(Re-scanning)
36
(Respeaking)
92
(OnAir)
34
(Sense Block)
www.bci.eu.com/over-the-top-tv/over-the-top-television-ott-tv/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video_recorder
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picture-in-picture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_program_guide
www.dtv.gov/rescan.html
88
89
90
91
92
73
25
(Set-top box)
5
(Short-form video)
8
(Sign language)
93
8
37
(Signing)
(Signing, Closed)
37
(Signing, Open)
11
(Signing, Visual)
31
(Simulcast)
5
SMPTE
(Smart phone)
(SMPTE)
94
17
34
(Snow)
(Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)
200
64
1916
95
ANSI
7
(Stakeholder)
36
(Stenography)
(subtitling, Audio)
(Subtitling, Spoken)
18
(Subtitling)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28video%29
www.smpte.org/about/
75
93
94
95
21
(Synthesis, Speech)
5
(Tablet)
31
(Teletext)
888
5
(Terrestrial Television)
96
12
(Terrestrial Television, analogue)
5
(Terrestrial Television, digital)
33
33
(Transcription)
(Transcription, Verbatim)
(UN Washington Group on Disability Statistics)
7
97
49
(Universal design)
98
VBI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_television
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/citygroup/washington.htm
96
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_design
98
97
76
31
(VBI) (Vertical Blanking Interval)
VBLANK
(VGA)
(DVI)
CGMS-A
99
30
(Virtual Channels)
8
(Voice-over)
100
18
(Voice-Over, Partial)
5
W3C
32
WBU
(Web Hypertext Application Technology
HTML
5
Working Group)
101
2221
27
(Wireless connection)
35
(Work, Derivative)
102
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diegetic#Film_sound_and_music
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_work
77
99
100
101
102
285
32
(World Blind Union)
190
103
(World Broadcasting Unions)
1992
104
5
(World Wide Web Consortium)
www.worldblindunion.org/en/about-wbu/Pages/default.aspx
www.nabanet.com/wbuarea/about/about.asp
103
104
78
(BDT)
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